È. A. Fushman, V. I. Tsvetkova, N. M. Chirkov
The study examines ethylene polymerization catalyzed by cyclopentadienyltitanium dichloride with diethylaluminum chloride or triethylaluminum in solvents containing labile chlorine atoms. Kinetic measurements in several solvents, together with EPR, visible and infrared spectroscopy, and redox titrat…
A. P. Rudenko, I. I. Kulakova, Academician A. A. Balandin
This study examines the oxidative dissolution of Yakut diamond crystals in alkali-metal hydroxide and carbonate melts under controlled gas atmospheres near 870 to 880°C. Using a quartz microapparatus with a platinum reactor, the authors measured weight loss and surface etching after exposure to air,…
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This study examines isotopic exchange between cyclobutane and deuterium over evaporated films of platinum, palladium, nickel, tungsten, and molybdenum at temperatures from 0 to 171°C. Using mass spectrometric analysis of deuterated products, the authors compare product distributions with predictions…
B. M. KRASOVITSKII, D. G. PEREYASLOVA, B. A. ZADOROZHNYI,
This paper examines the moisture-dependent coloration and optical properties of 4-chloro-2-sulfobenzalacetophenone, whose free sulfonic acid becomes intensely yellow on drying while its moist form, aqueous solution, and sodium salt remain nearly colorless. The authors compare ultraviolet absorption …
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This paper investigates the reactivity of carbo- and dimethinemerocyanine dyes toward quaternary salts of beta-chlorovinyl derivatives of heterocyclic bases, proposed as highly active electrophilic reagents. The authors show that these salts react at room temperature in anhydrous chloroform, without…
Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR V. I. Ivanov, N. M. Chetverikov, K. D. Dzhundubaev
This paper examines the unresolved kinetics of mutarotation in aqueous monosaccharide solutions, focusing on whether two-component and three-component reaction schemes adequately describe observed polarimetric behavior. Experimental data for d-xylose, d-galactose, and l-arabinose are compared with e…
S. P. Zhdanov, N. N. Buntar’-Samulevich, M. E. Ovsepyan
This study examines synthetic sodium, potassium, and sodium, potassium chabazites prepared from alkaline silica alumogels and compares their structures and adsorption behavior with natural chabazite. X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, thermal stability observations, and adsorption isotherms for n…
Academician K. A. ANDRIANOV, L. I. MAKAROVA
This paper reports the synthesis of new organosilicon tri- and tetrahydric ether alcohols containing β-hydroxyethoxymethyl groups. The compounds were prepared by acid-catalyzed cohydrolysis of 1,1-dimethylsila-2,5-dioxacyclohexane with methyl-, ethyl-, and phenyltriethoxysilanes or tetraethoxysilane…
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The paper examines the morphology and crystal structure of yttrium hydroxychloride, YCl(OH)2, obtained during hydrothermal synthesis of yttrium-iron garnet. Photogoniometric measurements and X-ray diffraction are used to determine orthorhombic symmetry, unit-cell parameters a = 6.21 Å, b = 12.56 Å, …
I. I. Vishnevsky, B. Ya. Sukharevsky
This paper develops a thermodynamic treatment of oxidation and reduction equilibria in ionic crystals containing multivalent substituent cations and cation vacancies. By minimizing the free energy, including vacancy formation, oxidizer chemical potential, oxidation work, elastic energy, and configur…
Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences K. P. LAVROVSKII
High-temperature cracking of ethane was studied to clarify how secondary products, especially methane, coke, divinyl, allene, and methylacetylene, are formed. Flow experiments at 800 to 920°C and low pressure used small additions of radiocarbon-labeled acetylene, with corundum or quartz as heat carr…
A. Ya. Yakubovich, A. P. Sergeev, I. N. Belyaeva
This paper examines direct fluorovinylation as a preparative route to fluorovinyl derivatives, focusing on reactions of fluorinated olefins with metallic derivatives of nitrogen and silicon compounds. Lithium and potassium amides derived from secondary aliphatic and aromatic amines, as well as carba…
Yu. A. KORNEEV, V. F. BALAKIREV,
A thermodynamic analysis is presented for the MgAl2O4, Fe3O4 spinel solid solution formed during equilibrium reduction of magnesium ferroaluminate by hydrogen and coexisting with a variable composition MgO, FeO wüstite phase. Using a statistical activity model for binary spinel solutions together wi…
S. F. Zhil’tsov, G. G. Petukhov
The study examines the mechanism of diphenylmercury interaction with isopropyl and tert-butyl alcohols using deuterium labeling and low-voltage mass spectrometric analysis of benzene, diphenyl, and alcohol isotopic compositions. Photochemical reactions show that phenyl radicals abstract hydrogen mai…
E. S. BALENKOVA, N. A. KHAFIZOVA, S. I. KHROMOV,
This study examines the catalytic transformations of methylcyclooctane over platinum catalysts, with particular attention to whether transannular dehydrocyclization is governed by a tertiary ring hydrogen or by molecular conformation. Methylcyclooctane was passed over platinized carbon and an iron-p…
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This paper examines the kinetics of C5 dehydrocyclization of o-ethyltoluene to indane on platinized carbon, with comparison to isooctane and tert-butylbenzene, in order to clarify how carbon atom hybridization affects the reaction mechanism. The authors measured product yields in a flow system over …
E. N. KURKUTOVA, I. M. RUMANOVA, Academician N. V. BELOV
The paper determines the crystal structure of the hydrous borate inderborite, CaMgB6O11·11H2O, using X-ray diffraction, Patterson methods, and Fourier syntheses. The authors establish the monoclinic space group C2/c, locate Ca and Mg positions, derive coordinates for the light atoms, and describe th…
Ya. L. Goldfarb, L. D. Tarasova
This paper addresses the preparation of 2,4-disubstituted furans, focusing on a practical route to 4-bromo-2-acetylfuran from 4,5-dibromo-2-acetylfuran. After evaluating several dehalogenation methods, the authors show that controlled reduction with zinc in aqueous acetic acid selectively removes th…
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This study examines why heterogeneous acid catalysts give different product distributions in the isomerization of alpha-pinene, a result not fully explained by carbonium-ion theory alone. Sulfuric and phosphoric acids were deposited on catalytically inactive supports including silica gel, titanium d…
P. N. GALICH, I. T. GOLUBCHENKO,
This study examines the catalytic behavior of X-type zeolites containing first-group metal cations in cumene cracking and n-butanol-1 dehydration. Lithium, potassium, and rubidium forms were prepared from NaX by ion exchange, characterized by X-ray analysis, and tested in a flow reactor against indu…
D. Ya. Zhinkin, M. M. Morgunova, K. A. Andrianov
This study examines the reactions of hexamethyldisilazane with phenyl isocyanate and phenyl thioisocyanate, with particular attention to the effect of elevated temperature on products formed from silicon, nitrogen bond cleavage and silyl group migration. Experiments at 120 degrees showed that equimo…
Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR G. K. BORESKOV, A. V. KHASIN,
This study examines the state and mobility of oxygen associated with silver films, a problem relevant to mechanisms of selective oxidation catalysis on silver. Using static vacuum experiments and mass spectrometric analysis, the authors measured isotopic exchange between oxygen adsorbed on evaporate…
M. N. NEFEDOVA, V. N. SETKINA, E. G. PEREVALOVA
This paper reports an unexpected protodehalogenation reaction observed during studies of hydrogen isotope exchange in haloferrocenes in acidic media. Experiments with deuteriotrifluoroacetic acid show that iodoferrocene rapidly forms the ferricinium cation and an iodoferrocene iodine complex, and re…
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The paper addresses the mechanism of hydrolysis of the borohydride ion and its relation to diborane hydrolysis, arguing that the usual gross equation obscures the role of hydrogen ions and intermediate hydroxyborohydride species. On the basis of prior evidence and new kinetic measurements in borate …
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This study examines the ultraviolet-induced chain photochemical hydrobromination of ethylene in frozen hydrogen bromide mixtures, using differential thermal analysis during irradiation, dark holding, and controlled heating. The experiments show that illumination at liquid nitrogen temperature create…
G. D. Rudkovskaya, T. A. Sokolova, M. M. Koton
This paper examines the ring structure of cyclic polymers formed from dimethacrylamides and compares them with polymers obtained by partial thermal deamination of corresponding polymethacrylamides. Using infrared spectroscopy, especially the positions and separations of carbonyl absorption bands, th…
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This study examines the reactions of 1-chloroboracyclopentane, 1-chloroboracycloheptane, and 1-n-butylmercaptoboracyclopentane with various amines to determine their tendency to form boronium salts or aminoboracycloalkane substitution products. The experiments show that product distribution depends …
S. V. SOKOLOV, S. A. MAZALOV
This paper examines the reactions of tertiary perfluorinated amines, including heterocyclic derivatives, with anhydrous aluminum chloride and selected antimony halides. The authors argue that complex formation with aluminum chloride activates fluorine atoms at alpha carbon atoms, enabling chlorine s…
N. S. RABOVSKAYA, L. M. KOGAN
This study examines the gamma radiolysis of hexachlorocyclopentadiene and compares its radiation chemical behavior with previously studied unsaturated chlorocarbons. Purified hexachlorocyclopentadiene was irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma radiation over a range of doses, and the products were separate…
Yu. S. SNAGOVSKII, G. D. LYUBARSKII, G. M. OSTROVSKII
This paper examines the kinetics of benzene hydrogenation over nickel based catalysts under atmospheric and elevated pressures, addressing inconsistencies in earlier reported reaction orders and activation parameters. Using flow circulation methods under isothermal conditions, the authors measured r…
A. V. ROKHLENKO, V. A. LAVRENKO
This paper develops a method for determining both the degree of atomization of a gas flow and the heterogeneous recombination coefficient of atoms on metallic surfaces. The authors formulate a diffusion and convection model for atoms in a cylindrical tube containing two absorbing probe cross section…
A. A. LISACHENKO, F. I. VILESSOV, Academician A. N. TERENIN
This study examines light induced oxygen adsorption and desorption on zinc oxide, a system relevant to photocatalytic oxidation and semiconductor surface processes. A quartz photosorption cell coupled to a mass spectrometer was used with oxygen enriched in O18, allowing changes in isotopic compositi…
V. S. Tsivunin, Gilm Kamai, R. Sh. Khisamutdinova
The study examines complex formation between simple vinyl ethers and chlorides of pentavalent phosphorus, comparing phosphorus pentachloride with alkyl and aryl substituted chlorophosphoranes. Through reactions in hydrocarbon solvents, hydrolytic and alcoholytic decomposition, thermal cleavage, prod…
P. P. Budnikov, V. I. Kushakovskii, V. S. Belevantsev
The study examines phase relations and compound formation in the Gd2O3-Al2O3 and Sm2O3-Al2O3 systems, motivated by evidence that rare-earth oxides can form more than the previously reported perovskite phases with alumina. Coprecipitated mixtures and oxide melts were thermally treated and analyzed by…
R. V. KUCHER, B. I. CHERNYAK
The paper examines how alkaline additives affect the liquid phase oxidation mechanism of alpha butene at 120 degrees and 60 atm, focusing on product distributions and the formation of alpha butene oxide. Using kinetic measurements and analyses of peroxides, acids, and chromatographically determined …
N. E. Gel'man, P. I. Bresler, B. N. Ruzin, N. V. Grek,
The paper describes an automated method for microdetermination of carbon and hydrogen in organic compounds, addressing limitations of instrumental approaches that require additional chemical transformations or separate determinations. Small samples are combusted in a large oxygen volume within a qua…
M. G. ZHURAVLEVA, A. N. MEN, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR G. I. CHUFAROV
This paper develops a statistical thermodynamic treatment for spinel type solid solutions in equilibrium with a phase of variable composition, extending an earlier method used for MeO solid solutions. Expressions are derived for configurational entropy, internal energy, and component activities, wit…
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This study examines how adsorption of oxygen changes the electronic work function of powdered silver catalyst, using contact potential difference measurements by a vibrating capacitor method combined with pressure based measurements of oxygen uptake. The authors measured the dependence of work funct…
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The study examines the previously uninvestigated reaction of triphenyl phosphite with omega-bromoacetophenone under solvent and solvent-free conditions. Experiments in anhydrous benzene, toluene, xylene, and at elevated temperatures showed that the initial product is a crystalline addition compound,…
S. A. Kabakchi, V. N. Shubin, P. I. Dolin
This study examines stationary states formed during prolonged gamma radiolysis of neutral aqueous oxygen solutions, focusing on the dose-rate and oxygen-concentration dependence of hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen. Using cobalt-60 irradiation, gas-pressure measurements, spectrophotometric det…
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The study examines reactions of ethyl and phenyl dichlorophosphines with acrylic and methacrylic acids as a route to phosphorus-containing carboxylic acid chlorides. It proposes that addition begins with attack of the phosphorus lone pair at the beta carbon of the unsaturated acid, forming a bipolar…
A. N. Kirgintsev, E. G. Avvakumov, A. I. Vulikh
This study examines the behavior of alkali metal impurities, chiefly rubidium, potassium, and sodium, during directional crystallization from melts of several cesium salts. Distribution coefficients were determined from impurity concentration profiles along crystallized ingots for cesium chloride, i…
T. F. Dedenko
This paper presents a method for synthesizing both optical antipodes of beta-aminobutyric acid from crotonic acid using optically active alpha-phenylethylamine. Addition of either enantiomer of alpha-phenylethylamine gives separable diastereomeric N-phenylethyl beta-aminobutyric acids, which are iso…
V. I. ELISEEVA, K. M. ZURABYAN, A. L. ZAIDES
This paper examines emulsifier-free heterophase polymerization as a route to stable aqueous polymer dispersions, using methyl acrylate initiated by a persulfate based redox system. The authors argue that sulfate end groups formed during initiation can stabilize particles when the polymer degree of p…
K. B. Yatsimirskii, V. K. Pavlova
This study examines the chemical fixation of molecular nitrogen in acidic aqueous solutions containing transition metal compounds under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Solutions of selected group IV to VII metal compounds in hydrochloric or sulfuric acid were treated with zinc or zinc ama…
Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR V. M. VDOVENKO, L. G. MASHIROV,
This paper examines coordination compounds of uranyl perchlorate with neutral ligands of differing donor strength, including pyridine, antipyrine, nitromethane, camphor, tributyl phosphate, dibutyl ether, methanol, acetonitrile, and water. Using chemical analysis and infrared vibrational spectra, th…
E. V. EGOROV, G. V. KOROLEV, V. B. RAPOPORT
This paper examines the kinetics of radiation polymerization of polyester acrylates and compares them with known features of thermally initiated three-dimensional polymerization. Using differential thermography during irradiation with cobalt-60 gamma rays and accelerated electrons, the authors measu…
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The study examines the kinetics of arylsulfonyl chloride reactions with primary alkylamines in benzene, focusing on n-butylamine and 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride. Rate measurements at varying concentrations and temperatures show that, unlike analogous reactions with secondary amines, the proc…
Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences G. A. Razuvaev, Yu. A. Sangalov, K. S. Minsker,
This study examines the initiation of vinyl chloride polymerization by mixtures of triethylaluminum with lower unsaturated perchlorocarbons, in comparison with the previously observed activity of carbon tetrachloride. Polymerizations were conducted in sealed ampoules at 20°C using purified vinyl chl…
R. Shakirov, R. N. Nuriddinov,
