SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper applies physicochemical analysis to ion-exchange equilibria, treating the ion exchanger as a solid phase of variable composition within a quaternary reciprocal system. The authors experimentally studied the ammonium chloride, hydrochloric acid, UK-2 cation exchanger in hydrogen form, and …
The paper investigates the heterogeneous recombination of hydrogen atoms on aluminum in order to clarify how nontransition metal surfaces can catalyze atomic gas recombination. Using the Roginskii and Shekhter differential compensation method, the authors measured recombination rates on high-purity …
This study examines the synthesis and polymerization behavior of two nitroolefins, nitroisobutylene and cyclohexylidenenitromethane. Nitroisobutylene was prepared through nitroisobutanol dehydration, and its polymerization was tested with several catalysts, of which only benzoyl chloride and benzoyl…
This paper examines whether freezing solutions can increase the sensitivity of luminescent analytical reactions for inorganic cations with organic reagents. Using spectrofluorimetric measurements at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature, the authors studied complexes of lumogallion IREA w…
A series of new polyconjugated polymers, including polyacetylenenitrile, substituted polyacetylenes, and a phenylacetylene-acetylenenitrile copolymer, was synthesized and characterized by infrared and EPR spectroscopy. The materials are insoluble dark powders with high thermal stability, show narrow…
This paper examines the “doubling” phenomenon in the cyclization of peptides and depsipeptides, in which cyclic products contain twice the number of residues present in the starting linear molecule. Using cyclization experiments on tri- and tetradepsipeptides, including N-methylated compounds and st…
This study examines how shifts in the carbon nitrogen stretching frequency of benzonitrile can be used to compare the electron acceptor ability of metal halides and carbonium ions. Infrared spectra of benzonitrile complexes and nitrilium salts were measured, and the observed frequency shifts were co…
This paper reports catalytic routes to the formation of the five-membered silicon carbon heterocycle 1,1-dimethylsilacyclopentane, avoiding the usual reliance on organometallic derivatives of tetramethylene dibromide. The authors show that 1-chloromethyldimethylsilyl-3-trimethylsilylpropane undergoe…
This study examines the catalytic interconversion of cis and trans 1,2-dimethylcyclopentanes over platinized carbon during attempts to measure hydrogenolysis kinetics of the individual stereoisomers. Using flow experiments in hydrogen, and in selected cases without hydrogen, followed by gas liquid c…
Photolysis of hexafluoroazomethane was examined in the presence of compounds containing multiple bonds and in oxygen-containing systems to determine the reactivity of trifluoromethyl and related radical intermediates. Irradiation experiments showed that, among the tested substrates, unsaturated orga…
This paper addresses the previously unresolved synthesis of hexacyanoplatinate salts of tetravalent platinum, whose preparation by conventional cyanide substitution had been hindered by reduction to divalent platinum in alkaline media. The authors report a solid-state reaction between potassium iodo…
The study examines the kinetics and mechanism of the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclododecanone oxime to the corresponding lactam in concentrated sulfuric acid and oleum. Reaction rates were measured spectrophotometrically over a range of temperatures and acid compositions, and effective first order …
This paper develops a theoretical treatment of porous gas electrodes that explicitly incorporates pore structure into macroscopic electrochemical behavior. The electrode is modeled as an isotropic network of tortuous pores filled selectively by electrolyte or gas according to capillary pressure, and…
This study examines partial instability constants for geometrically isomeric divalent platinum diamine complexes of the type [Pt(a)2Cl2], extending earlier work on ammine complexes to methylamine and ethylamine derivatives. Cis and trans isomers of the methylamine and ethylamine complexes were synth…
This paper addresses the limited availability of aromatic organogallium compounds beyond triphenylgallium and develops a Grignard-based synthesis of triarylgallium derivatives from gallium trichloride. Because the products are sensitive to water and oxygen and cannot readily be separated by hydrolys…
This study compares the photochemical and radiation-chemical reduction of aqueous silver perchlorate in the absence and presence of organic additives, using ultraviolet irradiation and X-rays under deoxygenated conditions. Silver ions were not appreciably reduced without additives, but alcohols, gly…
This paper proposes a method for determining the stereochemistry of mercury salt addition to olefins using the mercury salt of trinitromethane in aqueous solution. The argument is based on the differing acid stability of possible addition products: formation of trinitromethylmercuri derivatives indi…
This paper examines the surface properties of calcium fluoride based oxide fluoride melts and their relation to melt composition, especially the replacement of fluoride ions by oxide ions. Surface tension was measured by the sessile drop method at 1470 to 1550°C, surface potentials were compared ele…
The study examines reactions of phenyldiazonium fluoroborate in different solvents, prompted by the low yields of diarylhalonium salts obtained in halobenzenes. While acetone and dimethylformamide increased halonium salt formation, dimethyl sulfoxide gave unexpected dimethylphenylsulfoxonium salts i…
This paper describes the catalytic conversion of esters of gamma-ketocarboxylic acids into corresponding gamma-lactams under reductive amination conditions. Esters of gamma-ketoenanthic acid and its alpha-methyl homolog were treated with hydrogen and ammonia over skeletal nickel aluminum catalyst at…
This paper investigates the moving-boundary method as a basis for rapid qualitative and quantitative microanalysis of chemical elements in capillaries under strong electric fields and hydrodynamic counterflow. It derives and discusses conditions governing boundary stability and width, including diff…
This study examines how paramagnetic ions influence the magnetic relaxation of fluorine nuclei in concentrated fluoride solutions, a case for which prior data were apparently lacking. Using resonance measurements at 12.5 MHz, the authors compare the effects of Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+ …
This paper reports the synthesis of new symm-triazine derivatives containing O-alkylhydroxylamine and O,N-dialkylhydroxylamine groupings, motivated by the herbicidal relevance of both triazines and alkylhydroxylamine derivatives. The authors prepared 2-chloro-4-dialkylamino-6-methoxyamino-symm-triaz…
This study examines how small additions of foreign oxides affect the reduction of uranium trioxide by cracked ammonia, using continuous weighing in a high-vacuum circulation apparatus and X-ray phase analysis of reduction products. Additions of 5 mol.% ZnO and TiO2 accelerated the reduction of UO3, …
This study determines overall instability constants for palladium(II) complexes of the type K2[PdX4], focusing on chloride, bromide, iodide, and thiocyanate ligands. A potentiometric method with a spongy palladium electrode was used to measure equilibrium potentials in solutions of the complexes wit…
The study investigates the mechanism of radiation-chemical oxidation of potassium ferrocyanide in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions, with particular attention to the roles of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals formed during water radiolysis. Nonirradiation kinetic experiments showed that oxidatio…
This paper addresses the quantitative analysis of diamines and two component diamine mixtures, important starting materials for heterochain polyamides, using potentiometric titration in nonaqueous media. The authors examine several solvents and identify chloroform acetonitrile in a 4:1 ratio as a su…
This paper reports the preparation of a previously undescribed tetrahydrofuran complex of methyltitanium trichloride and examines its composition, stability, solubility, and decomposition behavior. The compound, obtained by low-temperature interaction of methyltitanium trichloride in hexane with pur…
The paper examines the generality of nitrile-forming rearrangements in hydrazones and related oxime derivatives, emphasizing reactions involving cleavage of N,N or N,O bonds under acidic, Lewis acidic, quaternizing, or basic conditions. Using substituted hydrazones of aldehydes, pyrazoline analogies…
This study examines cathodic concentration polarization in molten oxide slags using a rotating iron disk electrode to control convective diffusion at 1300 to 1470 °C. Polarization curves for calcium silicate alumina and calcium aluminate slags with added iron oxides showed reduction waves whose limi…
This study examines the thermal stability and decomposition behavior of high-purity potassium aluminum hydride prepared from potassium, aluminum, and hydrogen. Using differential thermal analysis combined with measurement of evolved hydrogen under argon, the authors identify three endothermic decomp…
This study examines association phenomena in solutions of ortho-regular phenol-formaldehyde novolac resins, focusing on the role of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Infrared spectra of dilute resin solutions and model dioxydiphenylmethanes in carbon tetrachloride were recorded at varying …
This study examines how conjugation affects the infrared absorption intensities of the symmetric and antisymmetric valence vibrations of nitro groups in a broad series of more than 50 nitro compounds. Integrated intensities measured in chloroform solution show that the symmetric vibration polarized …
This paper examines the mechanism by which small additions of alkali metals modify aluminum, silicon silumin alloys, focusing on aluminum, silicon, lithium alloys as an analogue for sodium-modified silumin. Using microstructural and microanalytical observations, it compares lithium modification with…
This paper derives a general relation between an arbitrary applied electromotive force and the resulting current in an electrolytic cell with a spherical stationary microelectrode. Using diffusion kinetics, Tafel electrode behavior, double-layer capacitance, and solution resistance, it formulates th…
This study examines the electronic environment of tin in 22 organotin compounds using Mössbauer resonance absorption of 23.8 keV gamma quanta by tin-119 nuclei. Isomeric chemical shifts and quadrupole splittings were measured at liquid nitrogen temperature and compared across tetraalkyl, carboxylate…
This paper examines early waves observed on polarization curves of pure molten chlorides of cadmium, tin, and lead at platinum electrodes before the decomposition voltage is reached. Chronopotentiometric measurements of the indicator cathode potential show that the transition time is independent of …
This study examines how periodic mechanical forces affect structural changes and mechanical behavior during crystallization of polyethylene terephthalate. Amorphous quenched samples were subjected either to heat treatment or to simultaneous heat and sinusoidal compressive deformation at 80, 95, and …
The study examines the vibrational spectra of alkali metal fluoroberyllates M2BeF4, whose crystal lattices contain BeF4 2- tetrahedral anions. Infrared absorption spectra of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs compounds were recorded from 300 to 1000 cm-1, and the Raman spectrum of solid K2BeF4 was obtained using…
This study examines the valence state and bonding character of cerium and lanthanum in rare-earth hydrides of variable composition, especially within the berthollide region from dihydride to trihydride. Cerium and lanthanum hydrides with different hydrogen contents were prepared by direct hydriding …
This study examines the proposed two-quantum mechanism for radical formation during low-temperature photolysis of diphenylamine and triphenylamine in ethanol, in which alcohol radicals arise from reaction with amine molecules excited to a higher triplet state. A kinetic treatment is developed for in…
This study examines the state of hydrogen and water in tungsten aquopolycompounds, a question not fully resolved by dehydration studies and central to proposed structural formulas for paratungstate and metatungstate hydrates. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were recorded for sodium tungsta…
The paper examines the mechanism by which dialkyldichlorosilanes form during the direct reaction of alkyl chlorides with silicon in the presence of copper. It argues that cuprous chloride, produced by interaction of alkyl chloride with copper, reacts with silicon to generate an intermediate silicon …
The study constructs a phase diagram for the binary scandium oxide, aluminum oxide system, motivated by the limited prior knowledge of scandium aluminates and their relation to rare earth aluminates. Mixtures of high purity oxides were synthesized, annealed, quenched, and examined by metallographic …
This paper develops a one-dimensional theoretical model for ignition of nonvolatile condensed systems by contact with an incandescent surface, accounting for heat conduction and distributed exothermic reactions while neglecting reactant consumption during the ignition time. The boundary condition is…
This study examines solid state, high temperature reactions of chromium trioxide with potassium dichromate, chromate, carbonate, chloride, and hydroxide, motivated by their relevance to the preparation of multicomponent chromia catalysts. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra and magnetic suscepti…
This study examines the use of mass spectrometry for carbohydrate analysis, focusing on methyl ethers and acetates of glycosides as more volatile derivatives. Mass spectra were recorded for methylated methyl glycosides of glucose, galactose, and mannose, as well as selected phenyl glycosides and ace…
This study examines the reactions of diacetylene with bifunctional compounds containing primary amino or hydroxyl groups, focusing on alkylenediamines and ethanolamine. Experiments with ethylenediamine and 1,2-propylenediamine showed vigorous exothermic addition followed by cyclization to diazacyclo…
This study examines whether diphenyliodonium halides have ionic or nonionic structures by measuring their long-wavelength infrared spectra from 400 to 20 cm^-1 and low-frequency Raman spectra. Spectra were obtained for diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate, chloride, and iodide, with attention to bands…
This paper reports a reaction of certain ethers with thiourea in anhydrous formic acid to give S-substituted isothiuronium compounds, isolated as picrates. The authors propose that the process proceeds through dialkylhydroxonium formates and may follow either an SN1 or SN2 pathway depending on ether…
