SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This study investigates whether thin liquid films confined between montmorillonite layers possess optical anisotropy, using polarization microscopy to measure birefringence during swelling in aqueous salt solutions and selected organic solvents. Observed birefringence of sodium montmorillonite swoll…
This paper investigates the mechanism of cobalt acetate catalyzed decomposition of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide using chemiluminescence as a kinetic probe. The authors relate luminescence intensity to hydroperoxide decomposition rate and analyze its dependence on hydroperoxide concentration, catalyst …
This paper examines hydrogen bonding in pi-electron systems and its influence on proton nuclear magnetic resonance, arguing that such bonds may form quasiaromatic six-membered rings in which pi-electron interaction is a decisive energetic contribution. Using NMR and infrared measurements in carbon t…
The study examines the polarographic behavior of nitroform, halotrinitromethanes, and tetranitromethane at a dropping mercury electrode in methanol, water buffer solutions over a broad pH range. Measurements of wave form, half-wave potential, limiting current, buffer capacity, salt concentration, su…
This paper examines emulsion polymerization using surface-activated initiation as a way to combine high polymerization rates with easier isolation of the polymer product. The authors study how N-alkylpyridinium bromides and substituted derivatives activate the decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide i…
This study examines the kinetics and mechanism of bismuth discharge and ionization at bismuth amalgam electrodes in perchloric acid solutions using combined radiochemical and electrochemical measurements with bismuth-210. True anodic and cathodic rates, exchange currents, transfer coefficients, and …
This study investigates how polymerization affects electron-density distribution between iron atoms and ligands in several polyferrocenes. Iron K-edge x-ray absorption spectra were measured for five polyferrocene samples and compared with spectra of ferrocene and ferricinium, using corrected photogr…
This study examines the high-temperature dissociation kinetics of carbon dioxide, for which rate data were lacking, using shock-tube experiments behind strong shock waves. Ultraviolet absorption at 2380 and 3000 Å was measured in heated carbon dioxide over temperatures of about 1300 to 6300 K, and t…
This study examines the preparation of ammonium and hydrogen ion-exchange forms of type X zeolite, motivated by the difficulty of obtaining hydrogen zeolites through direct acid exchange. Sodium X zeolite was treated with ammonium salts under varied anion, concentration, temperature, and repeated-ex…
This study examines the mechanism of methyl-group migration in toluene under the action of aluminum bromide and hydrogen bromide, using toluene labeled with carbon-14 at a defined ring position. The authors formed the toluene, aluminum bromide, hydrogen bromide complex, decomposed it after reaction,…
This paper investigates the chemical form of organically bound germanium in brown coal, focusing on its association with humic acids and related functional groups. Vitrain fractions were treated with alkali and hydrogen peroxide to separate natural and regenerated humic acids, and the distribution o…
This paper examines how oxygen acts on oleic acid, an oxyhydryl flotation reagent, in order to clarify why aeration can improve mineral recovery and separation. Oleic acid was treated with oxygen and nitrogen for different times, peroxide numbers were measured chemically, and infrared spectra were r…
This study examines the hydration kinetics of the principal Portland cement clinker minerals during hydrothermal treatment below 100°C, a temperature range important for accelerated hardening of reinforced concrete products. Synthesized clinker minerals were hydrated at several temperatures, the deg…
This study examines the photo and thermal decomposition of diphenylmercury, tetraphenyllead, and hexaphenyldilead in benzene using deuterium labeling and low-voltage mass spectrometry. Experiments with organometallic compounds in deuterated benzene, and with deuterated organometallic compounds in or…
This study examines the mechanism of ethylene polymerization in cyclohexane using the soluble catalytic system tetraphenyltin, aluminum bromide, and vanadium tetrachloride, with particular attention to the role of aluminum bromide. Polymerization experiments varying component ratios show that cataly…
This paper examines the relationship between thermodynamic stability and kinetic reactivity in complex compounds, prompted by recent nuclear magnetic resonance data on exchange reactions in mercury, cadmium, and zinc halide complexes. Comparing those results with earlier studies of platinum(II) comp…
This study examines reversible complex formation between palladium chloride and ethylene in strongly acidic aqueous chloride solutions, motivated by conditions under which ethylene oxidation by palladium chloride is inhibited. Ethylene solubility was measured at constant pressure in thermostated sol…
This study examines how halide ions depassivate passive iron based alloys and promote pitting, using activation potential as the main electrochemical criterion. Anodic polarization and potential time measurements were applied to Fe Cr and Fe Cr Ni alloys in halide solutions while varying halide conc…
This study examines how structural features of ether solvents affect solvation in the formation of sodium diphenyl and sodium naphthalene anion radicals. Equilibrium radical concentrations were compared in more than twenty ethers using electronic absorption and EPR measurements, and related to hydro…
This study examines ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate as an analytical reagent for niobium, focusing on conditions for quantitative precipitation and solvent extraction of the niobium complex. The reagent was synthesized and tested with niobium solutions prepared in tartaric, citric, and oxalic ac…
This paper examines condensations of quaternary salts of 2-beta-chloropropenylbenzthiazole and benzselenazole with benzthiazole derivatives bearing alkylmercapto, sulfo, or phenoxy groups. Instead of the anticipated meso-chlorocarbocyanines, the reactions gave carbocyanine dyes in which the meso chl…
This study examines how overvoltage affects the preferred orientation of electrodeposited tin, a metal with a body-centered tetragonal lattice. Using the theory of two-dimensional nucleus formation developed by Stranski and Kaishev, the authors compare calculated formation works for the (100), (110)…
This paper examines how electromagnetic retardation in molecular attraction modifies the theoretical dependence of electrolyte coagulating concentration on ion valency. Starting from the Derjaguin and Landau treatment of coagulation, it replaces the usual nonretarded van der Waals plate interaction …
The paper examines the relation between oxygen chemisorption and electrolyte adsorption on high temperature activated carbon, contrasting electrochemical interpretations with chemical theories of surface salt formation. Using carefully degassed activated sugar carbon, controlled oxygen admission, co…
This study examines how chemisorption of methyl free radicals affects the contact potential difference, and hence the electron work function, of n-type zinc oxide films. Using a vibrating-electrode contact potential apparatus, methyl radicals were generated by photolysis of acetone vapor and their a…
This paper examines the use of Raman scattering spectroscopy for studying molecules adsorbed on high surface area adsorbents, where infrared measurements of full vibrational spectra are hindered by the adsorbents’ own absorption. Preliminary experiments on antimony trichloride, antimony tribromide, …
This study examines how substituents affect the reactivity of cyclopropane hydrocarbons toward electrophilic ring opening. To avoid catalyst-specific effects, the authors developed a quantitative titrimetric method based on the reaction of cyclopropane derivatives with mercuric acetate in anhydrous …
This paper examines homogeneous and heterogeneous crystallization of carbon during high-temperature treatment of carbonaceous substances, with particular attention to sugar coke as a nongraphitizing material. Using X-ray analysis, the authors compare products obtained from different masses of sugar …
This study uses oxygen-18 labeling and mass-spectrometric analysis to examine the mechanisms of peroxomonosulfuric acid decomposition under anodic, cathodic, thermal, alkaline, acidic, and mixed peroxide or persulfate conditions. The isotopic composition of evolved oxygen and sulfate products indica…
This study examines how calcium chloride affects the dissolution and metastable solubility of tricalcium silicate, a question relevant to the accelerating action of calcium chloride on hydration and structure formation in silicate suspensions. Dilute suspensions were dissolved under vigorous stirrin…
This study examines the light-induced stereoisomerization of alpha,alpha-prime-difluorostilbene, using dielectric measurements and ultraviolet spectroscopy to distinguish geometric isomers. Solutions of purified material were irradiated in sunlight for varying periods, and changes in dielectric cons…
This study examines the surface properties of boride catalysts of palladium, platinum, and rhodium prepared by reduction with borohydride, using charging curves to assess hydrogen sorption, binding, and specific surface area. Charging curves were recorded both by anodic polarization with electric cu…
A theoretical estimate is developed for leveling of microprofile irregularities during electrochemical metal deposition in the presence of adsorbing surface-active substances. The treatment compares current densities at protrusions and depressions, incorporating diffusion-layer geometry, preferentia…
This paper reports the synthesis of symmetrical 3,4-bis(dialkylaminomethyl)furans as positional isomers of previously studied 2,5-bis(dialkylaminomethyl)furans whose diiodomethylates showed ganglion-blocking activity. The authors developed a route from 3,4-bis(oxymethyl)furan through 3,4-bis(chlorom…
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of new mixed organogermanium compounds of the types triphenylgermyl alkyl or cycloalkyl derivatives and substituted aryl triphenylgermanes. Using germanium tetrachloride as the starting material, the authors prepared tetraphenylgermane, optimized…
This study examines the mechanism of cerium(IV) nitrate extraction from nitric acid solutions by tributyl phosphate in the quaternary system cerium(IV) nitrate, nitric acid, water, and TBP at 25 degrees C. Using the course of extraction rays, equilibrium phase compositions, and distribution coeffici…
This paper examines the thermo-oxidative destruction of polyformaldehyde with hydroxyl and acetyl end groups at 180 to 185 °C, where oxidation competes with depolymerization because of the polymer’s low ceiling temperature. Decomposition products were collected during oxygen circulation through the …
This paper reports the first synthesis of high molecular weight polypyrazoles containing alternating pyrazole rings in the polymer chain. The authors obtain these cyclolinear polymers by reacting bis(beta-diketones) with dicarboxylic acid dihydrazides through a two stage polycyclization, first formi…
This study examines cyclohexane adsorption on a chromia, alumina, potassium catalyst relevant to paraffin dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization, using a combined vacuum microburet and volumetric method over a broad temperature range. Adsorption up to 150°C was rapid, reversible, and physical, with …
This study examines the low-velocity detonation regime in nitroglycerin, about 2.0 km/sec, for which the propagation mechanism and energy release were not well characterized. Using high-speed photographic recording of front luminescence in cylindrical charges with different casing materials and thic…
This study examines the products and reaction course of the thermal decomposition of anhydrous perchloric acid, a process for which prior information was limited. Perchloric acid was decomposed at 60, 70, and 80 °C, and interrupted reactions were analyzed chemically and spectrophotometrically for ch…
This paper develops a theoretical treatment of potentiostatic currents for irreversible processes at a stationary spherical electrode, motivated by the use of hanging mercury drops in electrode kinetics. It solves the spherical diffusion problem for a simple irreversible redox process and for an ele…
The decomposition kinetics of wüstite with lattice parameter 4.032 Å were investigated by magnetic analysis during isothermal annealing in vacuum between 200 and 500 °C. Changes in saturation magnetization showed two consecutive reactions below about 400 °C, pre-eutectoid magnetite precipitation fol…
This study examines the feasibility of deep adsorptive dehydration of concentrated acetic and propionic acids using ultraporous silica glasses with molecular-sieve properties. Static and dynamic room-temperature experiments were performed on several porous glass samples and compared with fine-pored …
This paper examines the acid-base indicator properties of 2-hydroxyperinaphthindenone in aqueous methanolic media over pH 1 to 14 using visible and near-ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The authors relate the reversible yellow to burgundy color change to conversion between an acidic form with an absor…
This paper examines the mechanism of mass transfer in stirred heterogeneous liquid, liquid systems, emphasizing the role of interfacial adsorption phenomena not accounted for by film or penetration theories. Using malachite green and crystal violet transfer from dichloroethane into aqueous sodium su…
This study examines the composition and hydroxyl group positions of alcohols formed during liquid phase oxidation of n-amyl, n-heptyl, and n-nonylcyclohexanes in the presence of boric acid. The authors oxidized the resulting alcohol mixtures with chromic acid, identified the carboxylic acids via met…
This study applies fragmentation mass spectrometry to investigate structural distinctions and mutual transformations among N-oxyacyl lactams, oxacyclols, and cyclodepsipeptides. Mass spectra of cyclols, cyclodepsipeptides, a model oxacillactam, and related lactam derivatives were compared to identif…
The study examines the configurational assignment of cis and trans isomeric platinum(IV) glycinato ammine complexes of composition [PtGl2(NH3)2]Cl2, prepared by oxidation of corresponding tetramines. Configuration was tested by resolution into mirror isomers through fractional crystallization of cam…
