SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
Dipole moments were measured in benzene at 25 degrees Celsius for eight imidazolidinedione, thiohydantoin, and merocyanine derivatives containing oxygen and sulfur substitutions, and the visible absorption maxima of the dyes were also determined. The data are interpreted in terms of conjugation, cha…
This paper addresses the calculation of depolarization and superpolarization effects during electrolytic formation of binary galvanic alloys, where purely thermodynamic treatments may be inadequate. The authors derive an expression for the deposition potential of a metal entering an alloy using the …
This study examines the reaction of nitriles with heavy water and deuterium chloride under low-temperature conditions as a route to deuterated amides and amide hydrochlorides. A series of aliphatic, chlorinated, and aromatic nitriles were converted to amides, and the products were analyzed for deute…
This paper examines the proton magnetic resonance spectra and conformational behavior of cyclic carbonate and sulfite esters of 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol. The authors compare spectra recorded at 24.458 MHz and argue that the carbonate shows averaged methylene and methyl resonances because rapid i…
This study examines the hydrogenation and electrohydrogenation behavior of vinyl butyl ether on platinized platinum in acidic aqueous solution and aqueous ethanol, with simultaneous measurement of catalyst potential. Kinetic experiments showed very slow hydrogenation in 0.1 N sulfuric acid and a som…
The paper develops a theory of Faradaic rectification for an electrochemical cell containing a stationary binary electrolyte without supporting electrolyte, under low-frequency sinusoidal polarization and small current amplitudes. Using slow-discharge kinetics and previously derived first-order impe…
This paper reports experimental measurements of the temperature dependence of the surface tension of molten cesium, a quantity previously lacking reliable data because of the metal’s high chemical activity and vapor pressure. The authors used a sealed glass apparatus based on the maximum pressure bu…
This study examines the preparation and reactivity of arylated beta-iodo ethers formed from diphenyl-substituted ethylenic hydrocarbons under iodinating conditions in alcohols. Experiments with iodine, mercuric oxide, mercuric iodide, and iodine monochloride showed that beta-iodo ethers from 1,1-dip…
This communication describes the synthesis, properties, and transformations of beta substituted acroleins as vinylogous derivatives of formic acid compounds and of malondialdehyde enols. The authors develop routes to beta alkoxyacroleins from malondialdehyde salts, acetals, and especially alkyl beta…
This paper investigates the concentration limits of flame propagation in acetylene, air mixtures at varying initial pressures, addressing earlier discrepancies attributed to insufficient ignition energy. Experiments in steel vessels measured ignition energy as a function of mixture composition and p…
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were measured for a series of inner complex copper compounds derived from imines of salicylaldehyde, o-hydroxyacetophenone, and beta-hydroxynaphthaldehyde, in powders and chloroform solutions. The solution spectra show copper hyperfine splitting, and in one ca…
This study examines the structure of anils of o-hydroxyaldehydes, particularly whether their properties require a benzenoid to quinoid tautomeric equilibrium or can be explained by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Dipole moments were measured in benzene for a series of substituted anils and compared…
This paper examines the coordination mode of formally bidentate sulfito groups in cobalt(III) and rhodium(III) complex compounds, a question unresolved by prior structural assumptions. Using reported infrared absorption spectra, the authors compare sulfur oxygen stretching and deformation frequencie…
This paper develops a quantitative calculation of the potential and electric field strength in the dense part of the electric double layer, accounting for the discrete arrangement of specifically adsorbed ions and the dielectric properties of the adjacent phase. Assuming adsorbed ion centers fixed i…
This paper describes the preparation and reactions of 2′-amino-5,5-dimethylcyclohexanone-1-thiazole derivatives as part of a search for physiologically active thiazole compounds. The authors show that 2-halo-5,5-dimethylcyclohexanedione-1,3 reacts with thiourea in ethanol to give the aminothiazole i…
This study addresses the synthesis of organosilicon monomers bearing phosphorus-containing functional groups, a class of compounds of interest as precursors to phosphorus-containing silicones and other functional materials. The authors propose hydrosilylation of allylphosphinic acid chloride with ch…
This study examines how organic compounds with closed pi-conjugated bond systems affect the stereospecific Ziegler-type polymerization of propylene. Using a titanium trichloride and triethylaluminum catalyst system at 45 degrees, the authors measured propylene uptake in aliphatic solvent containing …
This paper proposes electrochemical reduction of persulfate as a controllable method for initiating radical polymerization, based on the presumed stepwise formation of sulfate radical ions at an electrode. The authors test this approach using acrylamide solutions containing potassium persulfate, car…
This study examines the extraction of perrhenates by ketones, focusing on how ketone structure, temperature, and solvation affect distribution coefficients. Measurements of extraction equilibria for several ketones were combined with estimates of extraction heats, conductivity observations, and infr…
This paper examines the use of infrared absorption band intensities and polarizations for studying the structure and interactions of polyatomic molecules. It argues that, unlike vibrational frequencies, band intensities depend not only on force fields, geometry, and atomic masses, but also on electr…
This paper investigates electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of divalent silver compounds, focusing on unresolved questions about exchange interactions and covalent bonding with ligands. Measurements on crystalline powders, frozen aqueous solutions, and acid solutions at several frequencies and t…
This paper reports a reaction of primary and primary-secondary o-phenylenediamines with violuric acid under neutral or acetic acid conditions to form ureides of 2-hydroxyquinoxaline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives. The authors prepare and characterize products from 4,5-dimethyl-1,2-diaminobenzene and …
This study examines isotopic hydrogen exchange between hydrocarbons catalyzed by alkoxides in electron-donor solvents, with the aim of testing whether exchange rates can indicate solvent ability to solvate cations in carbanion-forming systems. Deuterium exchange was measured for indene with deuterat…
This paper reports calorimetric measurements of the heats of thermal decomposition of dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate in several media and dimethyl peroxydicarbonate in dibutyl phthalate, together with supporting thermochemical determinations. Heats of combustion, sublimation, and solution were measu…
This study addresses the prolongation of penicillin action by chemically associating penicillins with water-soluble polymer macromolecules whose chain length may regulate residence time in the organism. Copolymers of vinyl alcohol and vinylamine were prepared via copolymerization and hydrazine treat…
This study addresses discrepancies in reported standard heats of formation for niobium pentoxide and tantalum pentoxide, attributed largely to insufficient characterization of impurities in metal samples. The authors determined heats of combustion by oxygen bomb calorimetry using two independently p…
The study examines the addition of diisobutylaluminum hydride and triisobutylaluminum to vinylacetylene, focusing on the direction of addition in an enyne system. Reaction products after demetallation were analyzed by gas analysis, chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, bromination, condensation wit…
This paper develops a theoretical description of chemical reactions conducted in a chromatographic regime, where pulse introduction of a reactant into a carrier gas is combined with separation on a stationary phase. For first-order homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic reactions, the authors formu…
This paper reports new reactions leading to nitroso compounds, beginning with the unexpected formation of difluorochloronitrosomethane during treatment of nitrodifluoroacetic acid derivatives with hydrochloric acid. The authors propose a mechanism involving decarboxylation to an aci-nitro intermedia…
This study investigates shifts in thermoluminescence glow maxima of high-pressure polyethylene irradiated at 77 K with fast electrons, using the maxima as indicators of molecular mobility and the transition into the rubbery-elastic state. Measurements over varying radiation doses and heating rates s…
This paper examines the relation between molecular weight, the second virial coefficient, and polymer coil dimensions in good solvents, focusing on tests of competing thermodynamic theories for linear macromolecules. Using light scattering with double extrapolation, and accounting for excluded-volum…
This study examines how molecular structure affects the radiation chemical stability of selected heterocyclic compounds, including furan, pyrrole, thiophene, and pyridine. Using low temperature irradiation and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the authors measured radical accumulation as…
This paper reports a platinum-catalyzed cleavage of pyrazoline rings involving rupture of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond, observed during studies of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. Pyrazolines lacking a substituent at position 3, such as 5-phenylpyrazoline and 4-isopropyl-5-isobutylpyrazoli…
This study examines the composition, formation, and physicochemical properties of intermediate oxygen compounds in the MoO3, MoO2 system. Samples prepared by solid-state reactions, partial hydrogen reduction, and dehydration of lower molybdenum hydroxide compounds were annealed in evacuated quartz a…
This study examines isotope effects on thermodynamic properties of liquid deuterated compounds, including benzene, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol, compared with their ordinary hydrogen analogues. Heat capacities at constant pressure were measured by adiabatic calorimetry, and heat capacities…
This paper addresses the limited and inconsistent characterization of dialkyltin compounds, particularly aliphatic derivatives for which reliable preparative methods had been lacking. The authors describe a synthesis of analytically pure di-n-butyltin and diethyltin by reacting anhydrous stannous ch…
This paper describes a gas phase method for preparing germanium, silicon solid solutions, using selenium vapor as a solvent component rather than conventional melting. The authors base the procedure on measured dissolution rates of germanium and silicon in selenium vapor and carry out crystallizatio…
This study examines how deliberately introduced halide impurities affect the catalytic activity and selectivity of purified silver in ethylene oxidation. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine were deposited on the silver surface over a range of coverages, and rate constants for total oxidation, et…
A continuous countercurrent ion exchange process is proposed for separating ions with similar properties, using two moving bed columns in which the cation exchanger and solution flow in opposite directions. The method is based on maintaining stationary conversion fronts through suitable choice of di…
The paper examines regularities in butadiene polymerization in benzene under a homogeneous cobalt catalytic system consisting of a cobalt chloride pyridine complex and diisobutylaluminum chloride. Kinetic measurements over 5 to 50 °C show a short induction period, an overall activation energy of abo…
This study examines the kinetics and mechanism of butyrolactam hydrolysis in aqueous potassium hydroxide, combining rate measurements with infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy to identify reactive forms of the lactam in alkaline media. Spectral changes indicate equilibria among nonionized, singly i…
This study examines how the structure of aliphatic dinitriles influences the course of catalytic hydrogenation, particularly the competition between formation of linear primary diamines and cyclic secondary imines. Glutaric, adipic, pimelic, azelaic, sebacic, and dodecanedioic acid dinitriles were h…
This paper proposes a chemiluminescent method for determining oxygen consumption rates, dissolved oxygen concentrations, and ratios of elementary rate constants in initiated liquid-phase hydrocarbon oxidation. The method uses the sharp decay of chemiluminescence in a sealed vessel as oxygen is exhau…
This paper analyzes how the equilibrium state of a substance in solution changes as the concentration of another component varies, for systems in which components A and B form multiple compounds governed by mass action. The authors derive mathematical conditions for extrema and limiting behavior of …
This paper examines the use of zone melting as a potential industrial method for purifying organic monomers, with methyl methacrylate selected for initial experiments. The authors outline the relevant distribution coefficient relations and limiting purification equations, then carry out zone melting…
This study examines double oxides formed from tungsten, tantalum, and niobium oxides with thorium, cerium, and uranium oxides, addressing a comparatively underexplored area relative to ordinary tungstates, niobates, and tantalates. Oxide mixtures were sintered in air, nitrogen, or evacuated quartz a…
The paper examines whether rate constants for elementary steps in catalytic polymerization can be derived from steady-state kinetic measurements. Using a model with a constant total number of active centers, initiation by first monomer addition, uniform propagation, and chain termination or transfer…
The paper reports the synthesis of previously little studied ethyleneamides of glycol phosphorous acids, motivated by the reactivity of the ethyleneimine ring and possible cytostatic relevance by analogy with known phosphorus-containing antitumor agents. A series of compounds was prepared by reactin…
