SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This study examines chlorine isotopic exchange in Zeise’s salt, K[PtC2H4Cl3], in order to test how the strong trans influence of ethylene affects the kinetic equivalence of coordinated chlorine atoms. Exchange experiments used chloride labeled with Cl36, separation of complex and external chloride b…
This paper develops a theory for the intrinsic viscosity and translational friction constant of semirigid macromolecules in solution, extending hydrodynamic treatments beyond infinitely flexible Gaussian coils to chains of finite length and nonzero persistence length. Using general Kirkwood-type exp…
The study examines how high concentrations of water vapor affect the catalytic oxidation of propylene to acrolein over copper oxide contacts, a process accompanied by carbon dioxide formation and further acrolein oxidation. Using a flow circulation method in a gradientless reactor under diffusion-fr…
This study investigates the synthesis and complex-forming behavior of aromatic organocadmium compounds of the type Ar2Cd, a class previously represented chiefly by diphenylcadmium. By modifying a Grignard-based preparation using cadmium bromide and 1,4-dioxane, the authors obtained diphenylcadmium, …
This paper investigates the polycondensation of acetaldehyde on dehydrating silicic acid gel under continuous removal of water vapor. Hydrogels dried in acetaldehyde vapor at room temperature developed colored products within the pores, which were isolated after dissolving the silica and examined by…
This study examines how hydrocarbon structure and reaction medium affect hydrogen abstraction by free methyl radicals in the liquid phase. Using competing reactions with tritium-labeled n-heptane as a standard and methyl radicals generated by thermal decomposition of acetyl peroxide, relative overal…
This paper examines the long discussed color difference between the yellow and red forms of mercuric oxide, testing whether it can be explained solely by particle size or whether other solid-state factors are involved. The authors compare the two forms using sedimentation measurements, powder X-ray …
A synthetic route to macrocyclic musk lactones is described using cyclic ketones and unsaturated alcohol derivatives as starting materials, illustrated by the preparation of dihydroambrettolide, or hexadecanolide, from cyclopentanone and undecenol acetate. The method involves tert-butyl peroxide ini…
This paper reports the low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of sodium zeolites in the system Na2O, Al2O3, SiO2, H2O, extending beyond the known NaA and NaX types. The authors describe three additional products, designated B, E, and Zh, compare their compositions, refractive indices, and X-ray char…
This paper develops a pair interaction approach for relating the structure of substituted methanes to molecular and radical properties. Assuming that heats of formation and other physicochemical properties can be expressed as sums of atom pair contributions, the author derives quadratic formulas for…
This paper examines the interaction of poly-2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine and its styrene copolymers with aromatic nitro compounds, motivated by the reactivity of pyridine nitrogen atoms toward addition reactions. The authors prepared the polymers and copolymers, followed viscosity changes during heating…
This study examines the one-stage oxidative ammonolysis of propylene with ammonia and atmospheric oxygen as a route to acrylonitrile over a catalyst composed of variable-valence metal oxides. Laboratory flow experiments with a fixed catalyst bed investigated the effects of catalyst grain size, tempe…
This paper examines the relationship between color and structure in the colored products formed by aromatic dinitro compounds in the Janovsky reaction with acetone and alkali. Using absorption spectra, the authors interpret the products as two quinoid monosalt complexes with distinct short- and long…
This study determines the rate constant for the reaction of atomic oxygen with ethane, O + C2H6 = OH + C2H5, a process for which earlier work had not provided kinetic parameters. The authors use the shift of the lower self-ignition limit of carbon monoxide and oxygen mixtures caused by small ethane …
This study examines the low-temperature polymerization of ethylene on an oxinochromium catalyst in n-heptane at 75°, below the melting point of polyethylene, where the product remains suspended rather than dissolved. Polymerization experiments in a stirred autoclave measured ethylene uptake as a fun…
This paper examines the applicability of mass spectrometric fragmentation analysis to carbohydrate chemistry through the study of methyl ethers of monosaccharides. Mass spectra were recorded for several methylated pyranose and furanose derivatives, including glucopyranose, glucofuranose, galactopyra…
Activity coefficients of cesium chloride in N-methylformamide at 25 degrees C were determined to test how a highly polar nonaqueous solvent affects deviations from Debye-Hückel electrostatic theory. The authors measured the emf of a galvanic cell without transference using purified solvent, CsCl, Ag…
This study examines the interaction of arsenic and phosphorus sulfides with sulfur-rich melts, where changes in physical properties suggest formation of distinct molecular or polymeric species beyond simple dissolution. Sulfur alloys containing arsenic or phosphorus were prepared in evacuated quartz…
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of a series of unsaturated organosilicon peroxides containing vinyl or allyl substituents at silicon and one or two peroxide groups. The compounds were prepared by reacting unsaturated chloroorganosilanes with tert-butyl, tert-amyl, or cumene hyd…
This paper reports the synthesis of pyridylethyloxindoles, compounds of interest because they combine pyridine and oxindole structural elements related to alkaloids and pharmacologically active indole derivatives. Arylaminoethylpyridines were haloacylated with chloroacetyl or bromopropionyl chloride…
This study examines the cycloalkylation of toluene, ethylbenzene, and n-propylbenzene with cyclohexene using the boron trifluoride orthophosphoric acid molecular compound as catalyst. By varying reactant ratios, catalyst concentration, temperature, cyclohexene addition rate, and stirring time, the a…
The study examines the Arbuzov-type interaction of diethyl phenylphosphinite with a series of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-chloroalkylalkylalkoxysilanes to synthesize silicon-containing ethyl esters of alkylphenylphosphinous acids. Reaction conditions, times, and yields were compared across substituents…
This paper examines how a depression at the top of a chemical activation barrier can affect low temperature reaction rates through quantum tunneling. Using the quasiclassical approximation, it derives the transmission coefficient for an asymmetric double potential barrier and relates quasistationary…
This paper examines kinetic parameters for benzene oxidation and ignition by comparing new detonation wave measurements with published data on autoignition, shock tube ignition, thermal explosion, and isothermal oxidation in benzene mixtures with oxygen or air. Ignition delays in detonation were est…
This paper examines the formation of sodium bicarbonate in natural waters through sorption of sulfate ions, as an alternative to explanations based solely on anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria. Drawing on earlier reactions involving clay minerals and iron hydroxides, the authors report laboratory e…
This study examines the formation and identification of oxygen-containing surface complexes produced by room-temperature oxygen chemisorption on freshly cleaved, highly dispersed natural graphite. Using gravimetric adsorption measurements, controlled hydration with water vapor, chemical functional g…
This study examines complex formation in the NiCl2, HCl, and H2O system, addressing uncertainty in earlier interpretations of the absorption spectra of aqueous nickel(II) halide solutions. Absorption spectra of NiCl2 solutions over varying nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid concentrations were me…
This study examines the temperature dependence of the metastable solubility of monocalcium aluminate, the principal mineral of aluminous cement, as a factor relevant to cement hardening at elevated temperatures. Suspensions of monocalcium aluminate with different solid phase contents were stirred un…
This study examines how direct current polarization affects sulfur removal from molten calcium aluminate slags at the slag, gas interface during air blowing. Experiments measured sulfur burn-off rates and surface tension under anodic and cathodic conditions using graphite, platinum, silicon carbide,…
This study examines the use of acetylene as an anodic polarizing agent for obtaining charging curves of skeletal nickel, palladium on calcium carbonate, and platinum black, with the aim of estimating adsorbed and occluded hydrogen and approximate catalyst surface areas. Experiments were conducted in…
This paper analyzes the electrostatic potential distribution near a strongly ionized polymer macromolecule in an electrolyte solution, treating the uncoiled macroion as a long charged cylinder surrounded by counterions and low molecular weight electrolyte ions. The authors formulate the problem with…
This paper examines the self-diffusion of water molecules in electrolyte solutions containing hydrated ions, focusing on how lithium ions slow water motion. A simplified model is proposed in which water molecules in the first hydration shell move with the ion, while additional neighboring molecules …
This paper presents a theoretical study of electron production behind a normal shock wave in air at temperatures of several thousand to about ten thousand Kelvin, where chemical kinetics can be treated separately from ionization because electron concentrations are small. It argues that thermal ioniz…
The study examines why hydroxyl hydrogen atoms in tert-butanol show low apparent reactivity toward free methyl radicals, with particular attention to the influence of hydrogen bonding. Using competing reactions with n-heptane, tritium labeling of the alcohol hydroxyl group, and methyl radicals gener…
This paper reports the preparation of mixed oxalato-carbonato complex compounds of thorium, a class for which the authors found no prior literature data. Thorium oxalate was reacted in aqueous solution with sodium or potassium carbonates at selected molar ratios, and the resulting complexes were iso…
This paper examines the induction period in hydration and crystallization structure formation during the hardening of suspensions of alpha and beta hemihydrate gypsum. It argues that the duration of this period is governed mainly by supersaturation in the liquid phase, which depends on hemihydrate s…
This study examines how grafting polystyrene affects the structure and orientation of polyethylene terephthalate films. Polystyrene was grafted onto oriented crystalline films, and the resulting materials were compared with layered packets of separate polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene films…
This paper examines the thermodynamics of carbon dissolution in solid solutions of the Fe, Ni, C system, motivated by the observed minimum in carbon solubility near 75 at.% nickel. The authors measured the temperature dependence of the equilibrium between dissolved carbon and CO, CO2 gas mixtures at…
This paper examines the use of ruthenium catalysts for hydrogenating furan compounds, motivated by the limited prior study of ruthenium and the need for active, stable, and selective hydrogenation catalysts. The authors prepared several ruthenium contacts, including active ruthenium dioxide and supp…
This study examines whether oriented polymer structures can be formed directly during monomer polymerization by using preoriented fibers as a matrix for macromolecular growth. Acrylonitrile vapor was radiation-polymerized on oriented kapron fiber, and the resulting polyacrylonitrile layer was analyz…
This study investigates photochemical processes in frozen benzene solutions of methylcyclohexane and 3-methylpentane at 77 K under ultraviolet irradiation. Using electron paramagnetic resonance, ultraviolet spectroscopy, gas analysis, and mass spectrometry, the authors identify hydrocarbon radicals …
This paper develops a thermodynamic method for estimating the nonspecific solvating ability of solvents toward polar particles from properties of the pure liquid. Using a van der Waals type compressed gas model, it derives an interaction parameter from saturated vapor pressure and density and constr…
This paper investigates a manganothermic route for preparing the intermetallic compound manganese bismuth, motivated by the complexity and incomplete conversion associated with fusion, sintering, and amalgam methods. Mixtures of dried bismuth oxide and highly dispersed manganese powder were reacted …
This paper investigates the kinetics of aquation of trans-chloronitro and trans-bromonitro bis-dimethylglyoximatocobaltiate ions in aqueous nitric acid, motivated by questions about substitution mechanisms and trans influence in cobalt dioxime complexes. The authors prepared and analyzed the corresp…
This study examines how rubbers of different molecular structure interact with thiobenzothiazyl radicals generated from di-2-benzthiazyl disulfide and related accelerator systems. Using the formation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole as an indicator of hydrogen abstraction, the authors compare natural rubb…
This study examines how intramolecular interactions affect fluorescence in a series of synthesized azomethine compounds. Luminescence spectra were measured for powders, melts, and n-hexane solutions at 293 K and 77 K, with attention to substituent position and photochemical changes under ultraviolet…
This paper examines whether homogeneous chemical kinetics can describe aqueous radiolysis at very high absorbed radiation intensities. Using the simplified Allen model, the authors analyze radiolysis of air-saturated ferrous sulfate solutions irradiated by fast electrons, considering competition bet…
This paper examines how thiocyanato and selenocyanato groups are coordinated to cobalt in cobalt(III) ammine and bis-dimethylglyoximate complexes, addressing conflicting interpretations of their trans influence relative to nitro groups. The authors combine chemical evidence with goniometric and X-ra…
This study examines how the surface state of germanium electrodes changes during anodic dissolution and how these changes relate to semiconductor properties and reaction kinetics. The authors measured the impedance of the semiconductor, electrolyte boundary, including resistance, capacitance, polari…
