SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper addresses the difficulty of interpreting electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of oxidized alkyl-substituted phenols when primary and secondary stable radicals are present simultaneously. Using paper chromatography, especially elution with 96 percent ethanol, the authors separated radic…
This paper derives relations for the Faradaic impedance of a reversible electrode process following a catalytic hydrogen evolution scheme in which a catalyst undergoes protolytic interconversion, reversible electrochemical discharge, and bimolecular regeneration with hydrogen formation. Using diffus…
The paper reports thermodynamic measurements of liquid silver, bismuth alloys at 1000 K using electromotive forces of galvanic cells with an iodide molten electrolyte over 650 to 850 °C and varying alloy compositions. From the temperature and composition dependence of the cell potentials, the author…
This paper investigates new routes to nitroallyl, an intermediate for polynitro compound synthesis, and examines its subsequent chemical transformations. The authors report that allyl bromide and allyl iodide react with nitrogen tetroxide in ether at low temperature to give nitroallyl in useful yiel…
This paper reports the first synthesis of organoantimony derivatives of acrylic and methacrylic acids, specifically diphenylstibine acrylate and diphenylstibine methacrylate. The compounds were prepared by reacting diphenylstibine oxide with acrylic or methacrylic acid in methanol, followed by isola…
Deuteronitroform was prepared as a labeled analogue of nitroform for use in studying addition reactions and tautomeric transformations of acinitroalkanes. The synthesis involved treatment of the potassium salt of trinitromethane suspended in dry methylene chloride with dry deuterium chloride, giving…
The study examines arylalkylation of anisole with styrene and alpha-methylstyrene using boron fluoride phosphoric acid and boron fluoride ethyl etherate catalysts, a reaction type previously little investigated for alkyl phenyl ethers. Experiments varied catalyst, reactant ratios, temperature, and t…
The paper investigates the kinetics of carbon surface growth during thermal decomposition of methane in hydrogen at 1400 to 1700°C, a range where earlier measurements were suspected to be affected by diffusion. Carbon film growth was measured on graphite rods in a high-temperature furnace at methane…
This study examines the reactions of triethylsilane with primary, secondary, and tertiary acetylenic gamma glycols in the presence of platinum on carbon and chloroplatinic acid catalysts. The authors compare reaction pathways and products, showing that catalyst type and glycol substitution influence…
This study examines the interaction of N-phenylbenzimidoethers with alkyl halides in order to clarify the scope of their rearrangement to N-substituted benzanilides. Seven alkyl N-phenylbenzimidate esters were prepared, including four higher alkyl derivatives not previously described, and their reac…
This paper reports general synthetic routes to optically active depsipeptides containing residues of alpha-hydroxy and alpha-amino acids in regular and irregular sequences. The authors develop stepwise methods based on protected amino and hydroxy acid derivatives, formation of ester bonds through ac…
This study examines the reactions of aryl imido esters with alkyl iodides, in contrast to known rearrangements of alkyl imido esters with alkyl halides. Heating substituted benzimido ethers with methyl iodide or ethyl iodide gave addition products, assigned as ionic iodomethylate and iodoethylate sa…
This paper develops a theory for undamped self-oscillations observed in electrochemical reductions at mercury electrodes in systems without passivating films or new phase formation. The argument models an electrolytic cell with series resistance, a polarization characteristic containing a descending…
This study examines the structure and reactivity of nitrosoanilines, nitrosonaphthylamines, and their p-dimethylaminophenylmercury derivatives, a class less characterized than analogous nitrosophenols and nitrosonaphthols. The authors synthesized arylmercury derivatives by reacting p-dimethylaminoph…
This paper examines the extension of organomagnesium synthesis to C-substituted carbohydrates bearing more complex aromatic and heteroaromatic aglycones. Using Grignard reagents derived from substituted aryl and thienyl halides, the authors prepared several new glucose and rhamnose derivatives, incl…
This paper examines the gas liquid chromatography of C7 to C12 paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons using the domestic methylphenylpolysiloxane stationary liquid phase PFMS-4. The authors describe the chromatographic apparatus, conversion-based detection, column preparation, and calculation procedure…
This paper addresses difficulties in synthesizing esters of cyclohexanone-2-phosphinic acid by previously attempted Arbuzov, Michaelis-Becker, bromination, and related routes. The authors investigate alternative reactions and report a successful synthesis starting from 1-ethoxycyclohexene, involving…
This study examines how the energy of beta radiation from radioactive additives influences the evaporation rate of solid molybdenum anhydride. Specimens of MoO3 containing Y90, W185, or previously studied Mo99 were prepared at different specific radioactivities, and evaporation at 700 degrees C was …
This paper addresses discrepancies in published measurements of the vapor pressure of liquid thallium and the absence of data for solid thallium. Vapor pressure and evaporation behavior were measured over 519 to 924 K using an integral Knudsen effusion method and evaporation from an open surface, wi…
This paper reports initial results on the reaction of vinylacetylene Iotsich reagents with polyorganosiloxanes as a route to oxygen-containing organosilicon compounds. Magnesium bromovinylacetylene was reacted with polydimethylsiloxane and polydiethylsiloxane to obtain vinylacetylenic silanols, and …
A synthetic route to beta-C19-aldehyde, an important intermediate in beta-carotene synthesis, is described from beta-C14-aldehyde and the acetal of gamma-bromotiglic aldehyde. The method uses a haloacetal-derived triphenylphosphonium bromide in a Wittig reaction, followed by hydrolysis of the result…
This paper examines the reaction of ethylenimine with carbonyl compounds, challenging the earlier view that such reactions under mild conditions generally form oxazolidines. By reacting ethylenimine with chloral, hexafluoroacetone, and diethyl mesoxalate, the study shows formation of α-substituted N…
This paper examines the preparation and optical resolution of asymmetric quaternary arsonium compounds whose chirality is attributed to the arsenic atom. The authors synthesized a series of phenyl ethyl alkyl arsines by reaction of phenylethylchloroarsine with organomagnesium reagents, converted sel…
This paper examines regularities of the polycoordination reaction as a route to high molecular weight coordination polymers, using 4,4'-bis(acetoacetyl) diphenyl ether with beryllium and zinc compounds as model systems. The authors argue, by analogy with polycondensation, that polycoordination is an…
This paper reexamines the rate constant for the reaction HO2 + H2O = H2O2 + OH in the mechanism of hydrogen and oxygen ignition near the third limit. Using the experimental data of Poltorak and Voevodskii, the author derives a revised relation for the limiting pressure and recalculates the temperatu…
This paper compares the oxidation of n-butane in gas and liquid phases under similar conditions in order to assess whether phase-dependent product distributions can be explained by competition between monomolecular decomposition and bimolecular reactions of peroxy radicals. Oxidation experiments at …
This paper examines whether electron paramagnetic resonance can be used to detect and measure stationary concentrations of free radical active centers during liquid-phase hydrocarbon oxidation under ordinary reaction conditions. Using kinetic estimates for peroxy radical concentrations and sensitivi…
The paper develops a one-dimensional theoretical treatment of anodic dissolution of finite-length n-type germanium when the semiconductor thickness is comparable to or smaller than the minority-carrier diffusion length. It solves the hole diffusion and recombination problem with boundary conditions …
This study investigates the presence of atomic oxygen in rarefied low-temperature flames of carbon monoxide and oxygen containing small additions of hydrogen, a system whose chain mechanism predicts high superequilibrium concentrations of reactive atoms. Using electron paramagnetic resonance, the au…
The study examines how beta radiation from sulfur-35 incorporated into magnesium sulfate and external fast electron irradiation affect the dehydration of primary dodecyl alcohol and the isomerization of the resulting dodecenes. Experiments in a flow catalytic apparatus measured olefin formation brom…
This paper describes a complete synthetic route to alpha-tocopherol and related esters, motivated by the difficulty of isolating pure vitamin E from natural sources. The authors prepare isophytol from acetone and acetylene through repeated two-carbon and three-carbon chain-extension steps involving …
The paper examines conditions under which a trifluoromethyl group bonded to carbon can display pseudohalogen behavior, in contrast to cases such as trifluoroacetic acid where this behavior is absent. The authors interpret relevant reactivity in terms of electronic effects and investigate the pyrolys…
This paper examines whether the autonomy of chromophoric electronic groupings, known from absorption spectra, is also manifested in luminescence spectra of complex molecules. Using quasi-line luminescence spectra of anthraquinone, phenanthrenequinone, anthrone, mesobenzanthrone, thioindigo, and rela…
This study compares adsorption of nitrogen, argon, and krypton at 90 K over a wide pressure range on silica gel, silica aerogel, activated alumina, and activated carbon, with the aim of evaluating their use in surface area determination. The analysis applies potential theory and a monomolecular adso…
This paper examines anionic polymerization initiated by solid potassium amide and by potassium alkoxides in dimethoxyethane, drawing on analogies with hydrogen exchange, carbanion formation, and anion-radical chemistry. Experiments under high-vacuum conditions show that styrene polymerizes on solid …
This study examines how the structure of the electrical double layer affects polarographic surface catalytic hydrogen waves produced by quinine in borate buffer at pH 9.5. By varying the concentration and identity of alkali metal chloride supporting electrolytes and comparing the resulting waves wit…
This paper reports the detection of hydroperoxyl radicals by electron paramagnetic resonance as a simpler alternative to mass spectrometric identification. HO2 radicals were generated in a gas jet by the termolecular reaction of hydrogen atoms, produced in a silent discharge, with molecular oxygen, …
The study investigates electrode polarization for gas electrodes in contact with a solid oxygen-ion conducting electrolyte composed of 85 mol% zirconium oxide and 15 mol% calcium oxide. Measurements on symmetric oxygen cells at 900 to 1100°C showed an essentially linear current-voltage relation gove…
The study examines the sequence and selectivity of hydrogenation reactions of 2,3-dimethylbutadiene-1,3 on a skeletal nickel catalyst in methanol and ethanol. Using gas-liquid partition chromatography to analyze reaction mixtures during hydrogen uptake, the authors followed the formation and consump…
This paper addresses the calculation of ion exchange equilibria in multicomponent systems, a problem previously often treated by assuming independent exchange of ion pairs. The authors derive a graphical calculation method from material balance equations and exchange isotherms, using simplified acti…
This paper examines polycondensation as an alternative route to elastomers with inorganic main chains, addressing the difficulty that direct hydrolysis or polycondensation of difunctional monomers often yields cyclic byproducts rather than linear high molecular weight polymers. The authors propose a…
The paper addresses the determination of phases of crystallographic structure amplitudes using minimization functions derived from Patterson superposition methods. It proposes a modification of Buerger’s second-rank minimization function for centrosymmetric crystals, correcting the weight of the cen…
This paper reports quantitative measurements of the solubility and phase behavior of potassium ozonide in liquefied ammonia, data needed for purification and crystal isolation of potassium ozonide. The authors studied the ammonia, potassium ozonide system between about minus 33 and minus 80 degrees …
The study examines the mechanism of destructive hydrogenation of benzene over an industrial tungsten sulfide catalyst, focusing on whether methylcyclopentane forms only through cyclohexane or also directly from benzene-derived surface intermediates. Mixtures of benzene and cyclohexane, with one comp…
This study examines whether the imination of 2-substituted indandione-1,3 compounds with ammonium salts in organic acids is general for 2-aryl and 2-alkyl derivatives. Six new imino derivatives were prepared and characterized by melting point, solubility, yield, and nitrogen analysis, with alkyl-sub…
This paper examines the role of interparticle contact in exchange reactions between powdered solids and in the apparent catalytic effects of solid reaction products. Using systems in which exchange produces thermally less stable compounds that decompose with gas evolution, the authors monitor reacti…
This paper proposes a graphical method for determining the composition of a species extracted from multicomponent liquid extraction systems, using the concept of extraction rays that trace changes in the aqueous phase composition. Under assumptions of negligible extractant solubility in the aqueous …
This study examines the kinetics and mechanism of decomposition of lithium, sodium, and potassium amalgams in strongly alkaline aqueous electrolyte solutions, where earlier data had been inconsistent. Using gasometric measurements in purified solutions and polystyrene apparatus designed to minimize …
This study examines desolubilization of hydrocarbons from aqueous detergent solutions of naphthenic acid soaps and potassium laurinate, a problem relevant to separating solubilized systems and purifying naphthenic acids. Experiments measured how low-molecular oxygen-containing organic substances, in…
This study examines the acid-catalyzed decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of the cation-exchange resin KU-2, using purified reagents and controlled heterogeneous catalyst suspensions in several solvents. The reaction gave acetone and phenol in high yield and showed solvent-depende…
