SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This study examines the hydrolysis of fluorohalobenzenes as a route to fluorophenols, focusing on the relative lability of halogen atoms under catalytic and noncatalytic conditions. Using aqueous alkali-metal fluorides, potassium bifluoride, or potassium acetate in the presence of copper oxide, brom…
This study addresses the reproducible synthesis and thermal behavior of zirconium and hafnium oxynitrate dihydrates, compounds for which prior compositional data were incomplete or contradictory. Using zirconium and hafnium octahydrate oxychlorides treated with concentrated nitric acid, the authors …
This study examines the thermodynamic properties of cerium-lead, praseodymium-lead, and neodymium-lead alloys, systems for which phase diagrams and alloy thermodynamics were incompletely known. Lead activities were determined from saturated vapor pressure measurements over 700 to 900 °C for alloys i…
This study quantitatively compares the acidic properties of the cis and trans isomers of the platinum glycine complex (Pt(glh)2(NH3)2)Cl2. The isomers were prepared, analyzed, and subjected to potentiometric titration with alkali at controlled ionic strength, with successive dissociation constants c…
The study examines how fluorescence quenchers affect solvent-dependent fluorescence spectra of 2-acetylanthracene and selected phthalimide derivatives in hydrocarbon solutions containing small amounts of active solvents such as alcohols or pyridine. Using spectral measurements with quenchers includi…
Proton magnetic resonance was used to study a polycrystalline sample of selenourea over the temperature range from 77 K to room temperature, with emphasis on the temperature dependence of the second moment of the proton resonance absorption line. The low temperature second moment was used to estimat…
This study experimentally examines the acid, base filtration effect proposed to explain hydrothermal differentiation, focusing on whether anions and cations move at different rates through fine-pored media. More than 100 filtration experiments were conducted with 0.1 to 0.001 N copper and iron chlor…
The paper reports an X-ray crystallographic determination of the room-temperature gamma modification of rubidium di(meta)-fluoroberyllate, RbBe2F5, a fluoroberyllate considered as a structural model for silicates. From goniometric data, Patterson methods, difference syntheses, and electron-density r…
This paper determines the heterogeneous recombination coefficient of oxygen atoms on a quartz surface coated with potassium tetraborate, a parameter important for chain oxidation and combustion reactions. The authors use first ignition limits of carbon monoxide and oxygen mixtures with small hydroge…
This paper examines adsorption of polar aromatic compounds and their hydroaromatic analogs at the mercury, solution interface, with comparison to adsorption at the solution, air interface. Electrocapillary curves measured with a Gouy electrometer, together with surface tension measurements, are used…
The study determines the standard oxidation-reduction potential of the U3+/U4+ system in an equimolar molten NaCl-KCl mixture at 690 to 810°C, addressing discrepancies in earlier measurements made in other chloride melts with different reference electrodes. Potentiometric titration of UCl4 with meta…
The study examines the kinetics and phase transformations involved in reducing rhombohedral monovalent copper ferrite, CuFeO2, with graphite under vacuum at 900 to 1050 degrees Celsius. Single-phase ferrite prepared from cuprous oxide and ferric oxide was reduced while reaction progress was measured…
This paper examines the hydrated surface of catalytically active alumina, especially gamma aluminum oxide, and relates surface hydroxyl structure to adsorption and possible catalytic behavior. Using crystallographic models for hydrargillite, corundum, and defective spinel gamma alumina, it estimates…
This paper examines how molecular symmetry can influence the melting temperature of molecular crystals, using isomeric organic compounds as illustrative cases. It argues that, under simplifying assumptions, molecular symmetry lowers the rotational entropy of the liquid by a term involving the molecu…
This study examines titanium tetrachloride and tin tetrachloride as radical acceptors in the gamma radiolysis of hydrocarbon and organosilicon media. Solutions of these tetrachlorides in n-octane, benzene, and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane were irradiated with cobalt-60, and reduction products were a…
This study examines the infrared spectra of unsymmetrical diacyl peroxides in order to clarify spectral features associated with peroxide formation, since prior assignments of O-O vibrations were inconsistent. Spectra were recorded for acetyl-p-chlorobenzoyl, acetyl-m-chlorobenzoyl, acetyl-o-chlorob…
This study uses Raman scattering to examine the structure of nitroaminobutadiene derivatives and to distinguish between ketimine, enamine tautomerism and a cyclic form involving an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Spectra of aliphatic and aromatic derivatives in acetone solutions show splitting of the …
This study examines the detection and separation of polyhydroxy compounds containing alpha-glycol groups by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel, with attention to carbohydrates, polyhydric alcohols, and hydroxy acids relevant to natural product chemistry. Several visualization reagents commonly …
This paper examines how trace impurities and contact with construction materials affect the electrodeposition of zinc and manganese from exceptionally purified electrolytes. The authors describe preparation procedures for highly purified zinc sulfate and manganese chloride electrolytes and compare d…
This paper investigates whether radical-like intermediate species can be directly detected during heterogeneous catalysis, a hypothesis previously supported mainly by kinetic and product-distribution evidence. The authors study dehydration of isopropyl alcohol in an adsorbed layer on magnesium sulfa…
This study examines how trace water and oxygen affect ethylene polymerization over a chromium oxide catalyst supported on aluminosilicate. Using carefully purified ethylene and solvents in a sealed autoclave system, the authors measured polymer yield and catalyst productivity as functions of catalys…
This study examines the preparation of organosilicon compounds containing hydrocarbon bridges between silicon atoms and a cyano functional group in the bridge. The authors alkylated omega-cyanoalkyltrimethylsilanes with halomethyltrimethylsilanes in ether in the presence of sodium, characterized the…
This study examines the room-temperature hydrogenation of cerium-magnesium alloys across a broad range of magnesium contents, extending earlier work on hydrogen absorption in this binary system. Alloys were prepared from cerium and magnesium, hydrided under hydrogen at 0.5 to 1 atm, and analyzed by …
This paper examines how solvent medium affects the mechanism of electrophilic substitution at a saturated carbon atom, using isotopic exchange between ethyl alpha-bromomercuriphenylacetate and mercuric bromide labeled with Hg-203. Kinetic measurements in pyridine and 70 percent aqueous dioxane show …
This paper addresses the synthesis of 5-nitrofuryl polyene ketones and carboxylic acid derivatives, compounds that were difficult to obtain by nitration or condensation methods because of their sensitivity to acidic and alkaline conditions. The authors apply the Wittig reaction of 5-nitrofuran unsat…
This paper describes the use of ion-exchange chromatography in neutron activation analysis for determining trace impurities in high-purity silica. The authors irradiated silica samples and standards, decomposed the samples after adding carriers, and separated activated impurities on anion-exchange m…
This paper proposes a potentiometric method for estimating the relative electron withdrawing or electron donating influence of substituents in aromatic heterocyclic systems, using the dependence of pyrazole basicity on substituent character. The authors measure the pH of methanolic sulfuric acid sol…
This study examines whether topochemical decomposition of copper and nickel oxalates under fast electron irradiation differs from ordinary thermal decomposition. Copper and nickel oxalates were irradiated in air at varying doses and temperatures, and the products and subsequent decomposition kinetic…
The study examines the kinetics of reduction of diphenyl-m-tolylcarbinol by isopropyl alcohol in aqueous sulfuric acid, treating the reaction as hydride transfer from the alcohol to the ionized carbinol. Rate measurements were made spectrophotometrically over 44 to 64 percent sulfuric acid and 40 to…
This paper examines the liquid-phase oxidation of methyl ethyl ketone by atmospheric oxygen under elevated pressure, focusing on the mechanism of degenerate chain branching. Using kinetic measurements, product analysis, and inhibition experiments with alpha-naphthol, the authors show that the reacti…
This study examines the behavior of diphenylguanidine, a common rubber vulcanization accelerator, under vulcanization-temperature conditions and in reaction with sulfur. The authors measure ammonia evolution during thermal decomposition in the melt and in several solvents at about 140 degrees C, com…
This study examines how two trifluoromethyl groups influence the polarization and reaction direction of olefinic double bonds when opposed by carbalkoxy or nitro substituents. Hexafluoroisopropylidenemalonic ester and 1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2-nitroethylene were synthesized from hexafluoroacetone d…
This paper examines whether acetone, considered thermodynamically unable to polymerize in a homogeneous liquid phase, can be polymerized by lowering the entropy of the initial monomer through prior ordering. The authors argue that crystallization or vitrification of the monomer may alter the entropy…
This study examines the use of high-energy electron irradiation as a low-temperature method for synthesizing organic derivatives of phosphonitrile chloride, whose practical use is limited by hydrolytic instability and inefficient conventional substitution reactions. Solutions of tetrameric phosphoni…
This study examines how the specific radioactivity of solid sulfate phases affects heterogeneous sulfur isotope exchange with sulfur trioxide and sulfur dioxide at high temperature. Experiments with potassium sulfate extended the activity range to about 131 mCi/g and showed a nonmonotonic dependence…
This study examines the stereochemical course of the diene synthesis of vinyl aryl ethers with cyclopentadiene, focusing on how reaction temperature affects the ratio of endo and exo norbornene adducts. The authors separated isomeric adducts of phenyl, p-tert-butylphenyl, and beta-naphthyl vinyl eth…
The study examines the unusual reaction of 1,1′-diacetylferrocene with aryldiazonium salts, which yields iron-free colored products rather than arylated ferrocenes. The authors synthesize the same products from the acetate of the enolic form of acetylcyclopentadiene and aryldiazonium salts, compare …
The study examines the equilibrium reduction of strontium molybdate by hydrogen over 950 to 1392 °C in order to determine thermodynamic characteristics of SrMoO4 and related reduction products. Using a circulation apparatus, including a modified high-temperature design with gas preheating and a pall…
This paper investigates inhomogeneities observed during the detonation of nitromethane near its propagation limit. Using high-speed photographic recording from both the end face and lateral surface of cylindrical charges, the authors examine dark regions in the detonation front and correlate them wi…
This paper examines the conditions for joint discharge of different metal ions in electrodeposition, arguing that equality of discharge potentials is insufficient for real conjugate systems. The authors modify the usual condition by incorporating mutual displacement of ions in the electrical double …
This paper analyzes layer-spiral growth of crystal faces from solution and from the melt when crystallization occurs at step edges supplied by diffusion or heat conduction through a boundary layer. By solving the two-dimensional diffusion problem for a periodic train of steps using conformal mapping…
This study addresses the limited and uncertain thermodynamic data for transition metal carbides by measuring the equilibrium involving vanadium, hydrogen, methane, and vanadium carbide close to the composition V2C. The authors determined the equilibrium constant for the reaction V2C + 2H2 = CH4 + 2V…
This study examines the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine on nickel sulfide and on solid solutions of nickel sulfide containing small additions of lithium or indium sulfides, with comparison to analogous nickel oxide systems. The authors prepared and characterized the sulfide catalysts by X-ray a…
This study examines the magnetic properties of coprecipitated Cr2O3, Al2O3 catalysts across a wide composition range, before and after use in isopropanol decomposition, and after calcination at different temperatures. Magnetic susceptibility, temperature dependence, magnetic moments, and Weiss const…
This paper examines mixed aromatic organozinc compounds of the type ArZnX, whose preparation had been complicated by the use of Grignard reagents and associated magnesium salts. The authors describe syntheses based on disproportionation of diarylzinc compounds with zinc halides in dry ether, followe…
This paper analyzes the conditions under which self-oscillatory processes can arise in electrochemical systems, especially electrode reactions involving adsorption and passivation. It first shows that a one-degree-of-freedom description based only on electrode potential cannot yield periodic behavio…
This paper examines the measurement of the condensation coefficient in evaporation and condensation experiments, focusing on limitations of the Hertz-Knudsen formula commonly used at higher vapor pressures. The authors argue that this formula is valid only in the limiting case of a small condensatio…
This study examines the catalytic behavior of titanium dioxide prepared by several methods in the conversion of alcohols and cyclic hydrocarbons, including dehydrogenation, dehydration, isomerization, and related transformations. Using a differential thermocouple combined with chemical analysis, the…
This study examines the catalytic behavior of several activated carbons in the dehydrogenation of five-membered cyclenes under elevated temperature and reduced pressure. Cyclopentene and 1-methylcyclopentene-1 were passed over birch activated carbon, fine-grained BAU carbon, and bone charcoal at 450…
This paper examines the reaction of perfluoroolefins with hydrazoic acid and azide salts, focusing on the competition between addition to the double bond and vinylic fluorine substitution. Experiments with perfluoropropylene and perfluoroisobutylene in alcoholic and nonpolar media show formation of …
