SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper investigates the origin of holes consumed during the anodic dissolution of n-type silicon in hydrofluoric acid, a question relevant to the mechanism of electrochemical reactions at semiconductor electrodes. The authors use thin silicon electrodes containing a p-n junction and compare anod…
This study examines how hydrocarbon structure affects colloidal solubilization in 0.1 M aqueous solutions of sodium soaps of saturated fatty acids from caprylate to stearate. Using a direct experimental method, the authors compare limiting solubilization of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and re…
This study examines the structure of polymeric products formed by platinum-catalyzed reactions of tetraalkyldihydridodisiloxanes with difunctional unsaturated organosilicon and organogermanium compounds. Infrared spectroscopy was used to compare starting materials and polymers, focusing on diagnosti…
This study examines the reactions of iodine chloride with several arylated ethylenic hydrocarbons, especially diphenyl- and tolyl-substituted ethenes and propenes, to clarify whether the observed chlorinated products reflect abnormal addition or subsequent substitution and elimination processes. On …
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of the dibutyl ester of allylphosphonous acid, an unsaturated phosphonous acid ester previously little studied. The compound was prepared by reacting allylmagnesium bromide with dibutyl chlorophosphite in dry ether at low temperature under nitrog…
This study examines the normal paraffin hydrocarbons in the 175 to 300°C kerosene fraction of Karamai petroleum from China, motivated by their potential use as feedstocks for organic synthesis. The kerosene fraction was prepared by removal of gasoline, deasphalting, deresining, vacuum distillation, …
This paper investigates the acid-catalyzed reactions of azobenzene with a range of organic compounds and relates them to reductions observed in reactions of phenyldiazonium borofluoride in ketones. Experiments with sulfuric acid and other strong acids show that azobenzene is converted chiefly into b…
This study examines whether free-radical addition and telomerization can be used to synthesize alkylaromatic hydrocarbons relevant to alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants. Using tert-butyl peroxide as initiator, toluene, ethylbenzene, cumene, p-xylene, and alpha-methylnaphthalene were reacted with alph…
This study examines how the surface hydration of nonporous silica Aerosil affects its heats of wetting by a homologous series of aliphatic alcohols. Aerosil samples were calcined at different temperatures to vary structural water content, their surface areas were measured by nitrogen adsorption, and…
This study examines the packing density of macromolecules in cellulose preparations by measuring true specific gravity, proposed as a more direct indicator than adsorption, wetting, or reactivity methods. Using a modified Hermans suspension method, the authors measured dried cellulose samples before…
This paper investigates the saturated vapor pressure of liquid antimony and the molecular association state of its vapor, addressing uncertainty in earlier interpretations that assumed a constant Sb4 composition from linear vapor pressure plots. The authors apply a radiometric vapor density method u…
This paper describes a method for synthesizing ethylmercury salts, compounds of practical interest as fungicides, by decarboxylation of mercury propionate rather than by established routes involving diethylmercury or organomagnesium reagents. The authors examine peroxide-induced and photochemical de…
This study examines the relative strength of C,O bonds in ethers and esters using isotopic exchange with carbon 14 and oxygen 18 as probes. Preliminary ampoule experiments showed little or no exchange for several simple aryl ethers under severe heating, while selected carboxylic acid and ester syste…
The study examines how oxygen adsorption affects the electron work function of n-type and p-type germanium, using the Kelvin vibrating-capacitor method with a glass-covered reference electrode to reduce adsorption on the reference surface. Measurements over oxygen pressures from 10^-3 to 100 mm Hg s…
This paper investigates the preparation of new linear polymers by the polyrecombination reaction of diphenylmethane and related compounds with tert-butyl peroxide at elevated temperature. The authors show that diphenylmethane gives a soluble high-molecular-weight polymer, assigned by infrared spectr…
This communication investigates the free-radical addition of normal monobasic carboxylic acids and their methyl esters to alpha-olefins as a route to dialkylsuccinic and related substituted acetic acids and esters. Reactions of propionic, butyric, enanthic, capric, and isobutyric acid derivatives wi…
This study examines the thermodynamics of propylene absorption by aqueous sulfuric acid, a process in which both isopropylsulfuric acid and isopropyl alcohol are formed and the properties of the acid solution change substantially. Equilibrium experiments were carried out for 62.25 to 74.03 percent s…
The paper investigates the anodic processes occurring during electrolysis of sodium acetate on a rotating platinum disk electrode, with particular attention to the transition from oxygen evolution to Kolbe electrosynthesis. Polarization curves and polarograms were measured over varying acetate conce…
This study examines how optical irradiation affects the phase boundary and anodic dissolution of n-type germanium electrodes in 0.1 N sodium hydroxide. Using monochromatic light and an arrangement permitting illumination from either the electrolyte side or the dry side, the authors measured photoele…
This study examines the composition and kinetics of normal butane and isobutane cracking initiated by small additions of ethylene oxide at 450°C, where the hydrocarbons alone undergo little decomposition. Using a static high-vacuum apparatus with pressure measurements, chromatographic product separa…
This paper examines the kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis for several platinum(IV) complex compounds in the Werner-Miolati series, including chloro, ammine, pyridine, and ethylenediamine complexes. Using alkali consumption monitored by titration, the authors compare reaction orders with respect to alk…
Hydrogen adsorption was measured for low metal content Pt/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 catalysts in the liquid phase, with platinum and palladium contents ranging from very dilute coverages to several weight percent. The study used chemical dehydrogenation with benzoquinone after hydrogen saturation, followed…
This study examines how small additives affect oxygen isotopic exchange and surface oxygen mobility on oxidation catalysts, focusing on metallic silver and semiconducting copper oxide. Oxygen exchange with enriched oxygen was measured in a static low-pressure system by mass spectrometry, comparing m…
This paper examines the synthesis, secondary structure, and properties of isotactic polyacrylic acid and its barium, sodium, and tetramethylammonium salts as stereoregular synthetic polyelectrolytes. Isotactic polyacrylic acid was prepared by complete alkaline hydrolysis of isotactic polyisopropyl a…
This study investigates the preparation and properties of scandium diboride, a previously little studied boride of the first transition metal series. Scandium diboride was synthesized from scandium oxide and boron in vacuum, with near complete reaction at 1800 to 1850 degrees Celsius, and hot presse…
This paper examines whether the adsorption isotherm equation derived from the potential theory of adsorption, previously applied to activated carbons of the first structural type and small-pore silica gels, can quantitatively describe vapor adsorption on zeolite molecular sieves. The authors compare…
This study examines how temperature and hydrogen pressure affect the hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of furan compounds over a skeletal Cu-Al catalyst. Experiments with silvan, alkylfurylcarbinols, alkylfuryl ketones, furfurylidene ketones, and alpha-alkyl-beta-furylacroleins show that elevated pre…
This study investigates intramolecular and intermolecular energy transfer during the radiolysis of frozen substituted hydrocarbons using electron paramagnetic resonance to observe primary radical formation. Compounds containing cyclohexyl and phenyl groups, as well as a mixture of cyclohexyl and phe…
This study examines how geometrical isomerism affects the participation of 1-chloro- and 1-bromobutadiene-1,3 in diene synthesis with maleic anhydride. The authors show experimentally that the products obtained by dehydrohalogenation are predominantly cis-isomer mixtures, with smaller trans fraction…
This study examines the gel-forming ability of aluminum oleates in benzene, focusing on how soap composition, alkali excess during precipitation, concentration, and aging affect viscosity and stability. Aluminum oleates were prepared by double exchange decomposition and used to form benzene gels who…
This study examines chloroform extraction of colored metal complexes formed only in the simultaneous presence of three different chelating agents. A series of azo, hydroxyquinoline, phosphate, nitroso, and beta-dicarbonyl reagents was tested with scandium, yttrium, rare-earth elements, thorium, zirc…
This paper examines co-extraction as a distinct extraction phenomenon, focusing on cases where elements are transferred into an organic phase through the formation of mixed polynuclear compounds rather than adsorption or simple extraction of monomeric ions. Using radiolabeled tungsten and niobium, t…
This study examines the structure of arylmercury derivatives formed from nitroanilines and nitronaphthylamines, a question relevant to the behavior of mercury in tautomeric and pseudomeric systems. Phenylmercury and dimethylaminophenylmercury hydroxides were reacted with selected nitroanilines and n…
This paper investigates the synthesis of dihydric organosilicon alcohols of the siloxane series, specifically bis-(beta-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-polydimethylsiloxanes with varied molecular weights. The authors study cohydrolysis of dimethyldiethoxysilane with a heterocyclic chain-terminating siloxane de…
This study examines the catalytic transformations of cyclodecane over platinized carbon, a system previously uncharacterized in comparison with smaller cycloalkanes and palladium catalysis. Cyclodecane was passed over 5 percent and 20 percent platinum on carbon at 300 to 310 °C, and the resulting co…
This paper examines the disputed amino versus imino structure of 9-aminoacridine using infrared spectral evidence, especially changes produced by N-deuteration. The authors compare spectra of 9-aminoacridine, its deuterated derivative, heterocyclic amines, N-methyl-9-acridonimine, and acylated deriv…
This study examines how very high irradiation dose rates affect the radiolytic oxidation of ferrous iron in dilute sulfuric acid, a system widely used for chemical dosimetry. The authors generated single pulsed electron beams with minimized dark current and measured absorbed energy using an integrat…
This study determines standard enthalpies of formation for sodium, potassium, lithium, and ammonium picrates, for which reliable thermochemical data were lacking. The authors measured enthalpies of solution and neutralization calorimetrically, refined the combustion enthalpy and formation enthalpy o…
The paper examines the synthesis and reactivity of acetylenic and vinyl derivatives of pyridine, focusing on 2-methyl-5-ethynylpyridine prepared from brominated 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine. The authors describe dehydrohalogenation and substitution pathways leading to ethynylpyridine, bromovinylpyridine…
This paper reports an improved synthesis of diferrocenyl using the Ullmann reaction of iodoferrocene with freshly prepared Gattermann copper. In contrast to earlier routes from diferrocenylmercury or lithiated ferrocene derivatives, which gave low yields or unspecified results, heating molten iodofe…
This paper proposes a cavitation method for emulsion polymerization that avoids added emulsifiers, addressing their adverse effects on polymer purity, structure, and insulating properties. The method generates cavitation by injecting superheated steam through a capillary into a liquid phase, where r…
This study examines the high-temperature condensation of chloroprene with methyldichlorosilane as a route to silicon-containing dienes, motivated by limitations of direct synthesis for chloroprene derivatives. Condensations at 550 to 600°C were followed by alkylation with ethylmagnesium bromide or m…
This study examines whether gamma irradiation produces reversible changes in gas permeability of polymers while diffusion is occurring in the radiation field. Using a manometric apparatus with a cobalt-60 source, the authors measured helium and xenon permeability through polyethylene and helium perm…
This study examines electrophilic substitution in sydnones through acetylation and deuterium exchange at the 4 position of the sydnone ring. Acylation of 3-phenylsydnone failed under several conventional Friedel-Crafts type conditions but proceeded with acetic anhydride and boron trifluoride etherat…
This study examines how concentration and temperature affect Raman line frequencies and integral intensities in mixtures of ketones with chloroform, with comparison to solutions in hexane and to the pure liquids. Using photoelectric Raman measurements over a broad temperature range, the authors anal…
This study examines how thermal treatment of chromium hydroxide and chromium oxide in hydrogen, nitrogen, air, and atomic hydrogen affects the magnetic and catalytic properties of chromium oxide catalysts. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were compared with catalytic tests in isopropyl alcohol d…
This study examines whether the abrupt increase in gas evolution previously observed during polymer radiolysis is tied to aggregate state rather than to radiation-enhanced thermal decomposition or polymer-specific degradation mechanisms. Low-molecular organic compounds, including n-octane, n-decane,…
This study examines phase equilibria in the Ti-Al-Sn ternary system within the region bounded by Ti, Ti3Sn, and TiAl, a composition range relevant to thermally stable titanium alloys. Alloys prepared by arc melting were forged where necessary, subjected to prolonged stepwise vacuum annealing, and an…
This study examines the Arbuzov rearrangement of newly accessible vinyl esters of phosphorous acid and related phenylphosphinous acid derivatives. The authors compare the behavior of mono- and divinyl phosphites with alkyl iodides under varying temperatures and reaction times, and also investigate r…
This paper reports the synthesis and analytical study of o-hydroxybenzenesulfinic acid, proposed as a water-soluble structural analog of salicylic acid and a new reagent for metal ions. Spectrophotometric measurements were used to characterize its acid dissociation behavior and its complexes with ir…
