SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper examines the preparation, structure, hydration, and color of salts of violuric and 2-thiovioluric acids, motivated by earlier interpretations of their color changes as chromoisomerism and pantochromism. The authors compare several synthetic routes, including nitrosation, reactions with al…
This study examines whether the hydroxyl hydrogen of an alcohol solvent directly participates in catalytic hydrogenation on platinum. Hydrogenation of 2-methylbutene-1 over platinum black was carried out in ethyl alcohol containing deuterium in the hydroxyl group, and the resulting hydrocarbons and …
This study examines optical sensitization of the internal photoeffect in thallium iodide and zinc oxide layers dyed with organic acidity indicators whose absorption spectra change upon protonation or deprotonation. The photoeffect was measured by a capacitor method before and after adsorption of dri…
The paper examines the reaction of hydridosilanes with olefins in the presence of iron pentacarbonyl, focusing on conditions that lead either to saturated hydrosilylation products or to unsaturated organosilicon compounds. Experiments with triethylsilane, methyldichlorosilane, ethylene, propylene, a…
This study reports experimental measurements of the heat content and heat capacity of solid beryllium oxide from 1200 to 2820 K, extending earlier data available only to about 1175 K. Pressed and fired high purity BeO samples were heated in a high temperature vacuum furnace and measured by the mixin…
This study examines how adsorbed iodine and bromine ions on smooth platinum affect the anodic ionization of molecular hydrogen. Platinum electrodes were pretreated in iodide or bromide solutions for controlled times and potentials, then transferred to anion-free sulfuric acid for polarization measur…
This paper investigates whether cold nitrous oxide can sustain explosive decomposition as a stationary flame after point ignition, motivated by anomalously low fuel limits observed in cyclohexane, nitrous oxide mixtures. Using flame propagation limit theory, thermodynamic and kinetic estimates, and …
This study examines how phenyl substitution and stereochemistry affect conjugation and catalytic hydrogenation in diphenylcyclopropanes, motivated by theoretical views of the cyclopropane ring as having partial pi character. Phenylcyclopropane, cis and trans 1,2-diphenylcyclopropane, and 1,1-dipheny…
This study examines the anodic dissolution of germanium diodes with p-n junctions as a basis for selective electrochemical etching. Using planar indium-alloyed germanium junctions and single-crystal junctions polarized in 0.1 N sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid, the authors measured potential distri…
This paper develops a quantitative explanation for the time-dependent increase of oxygen overvoltage on a nickel anode at constant current density in concentrated alkaline solution. The proposed model treats the anode surface as a changing solid solution of nickel oxides, with accumulation of a high…
This study applies spectrophotometry combined with physicochemical analysis to examine cobalt chloride complex formation in a molten lithium nitrate and potassium nitrate eutectic. Measurements at 160, 200, and 240°C using a heated spectrophotometer cell show that cobalt nitrate in the nitrate melt …
This paper formulates material balance equations for the products of alkane radiolysis, with special attention to estimating the heavy residue, a fraction that is difficult to determine experimentally. The authors derive exact relations for product distributions and discuss limiting equations for li…
This study examines the reactivity of triallylboron with alcohols, phenol, carboxylic acids, and aldehydes under argon at room temperature, extending previous work on organoboron derivatives. Reactions with alcohols and phenol gave corresponding diesters of allylboronic acid with evolution of propyl…
This paper reexamines the origin of color in salvarsan and related organoarsenic compounds, rejecting earlier explanations based on isolated arsenic double-bond groups. It argues that coloration arises from chains or networks of unsaturated trivalent atoms, especially arsenic, whose electronic inter…
This paper examines whether selenocyanate and selenourea can be introduced into the inner coordination sphere of trivalent cobalt dimethylglyoxime complexes, in analogy with known thiocyanato and thiourea compounds. The authors synthesize a series of selenocyanato cobalt dioximes, including potassiu…
This paper reports the preparation and reactions of previously undescribed esters of unsaturated phosphinous acids, compounds containing both an unsaturated carbon group and trivalent phosphorus linked through a carbon phosphorus bond. Vinyl, ethynyl, vinylphenyl, and p-vinylphenyl derivatives were …
This study examines the mechanism of thermal destruction in epoxy resins cured with maleic anhydride and polyethylene polyamine, treating degradation as a radical-chain process. The authors compare gas evolution, residue weight loss, and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, and analyze vola…
This paper develops a statistical treatment of radiation chemical reactions in condensed bodies, addressing the increase of reaction rates under ionizing radiation that cannot be explained by a rise in mean temperature. Extending a prior fluctuation based theory of activation processes, it models lo…
This study examines unresolved questions in the polymorphism of higher fatty acids, including the reversibility of phase transformations in stearic and palmitic acids, polymorphism in the stearic acid, palmitic acid molecular compound, and the possible existence of an oleic acid phase near 20 degree…
This paper investigates 1-thionaphthenone-3-dioxide-1 as a sulfur-containing analogue of indandione-1,3, motivated by the practical and physiological importance of indandione derivatives. The authors describe an improved preparation of 1-thionaphthenone-3-dioxide-1 by saponification of the correspon…
This paper examines why many coordination complexes deviate from the highest symmetry expected for a given coordination number, relating such distortions to the Jahn-Teller instability of electronic states. Using an electrostatic ion-ligand or ion-dipole model, the author derives perturbative expres…
This paper examines the separation and characterization of aromatic hydrocarbons in the 175 to 300°C kerosene fraction of Romashkino crude oil, a fraction of increasing practical interest for high boiling petroleum products. The authors apply a two stage chromatographic procedure: initial isolation …
This study examines amination of polyhalogenated benzenes with potassium amide in liquid ammonia and with aqueous ammonia in the absence of copper salts, focusing on whether substitution can proceed by a bimolecular nucleophilic mechanism rather than through dehydrobenzene intermediates. Hexahaloben…
This study examines the physical and catalytic properties of polymers formed by polycondensation of methyl-beta-chlorovinyl ketone, including samples prepared with and without ferric chloride and subsequently heat treated. The authors characterize changes in composition, magnetic susceptibility, ele…
This paper reports preparative and reactivity observations on ferrocene and related metallocene systems, including improved synthesis of ferrocene in dioxane, preparation of a cobalticinium perbromide salt, and near quantitative oxidation of ferrocene to a ferricinium ferritetrachloride salt. The au…
This paper examines the potential functions of the methylsilane homologous series, from methylsilane to tetramethylsilane, with emphasis on influence coefficients that are invariant under coordinate transformations. Using a natural coordinate system, determinant calculations, earlier force-field res…
This study determines low temperature thermodynamic properties of 1,1-dicyclohexyldodecane, 1,1-diphenyldodecane, and 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexyldodecane under standard conditions. Purified samples were examined calorimetrically from about 12 to 320 K, with heat capacities smoothed, corrected for impurity…
This study examines how selenium and tellurium additives affect the activity and selectivity of sponge silver catalysts in ethylene oxidation at 219 degrees Celsius. Using radiolabeled selenium and tellurium compounds, the authors prepared modified catalysts, measured ethylene oxide formation kineti…
The paper describes the synthesis and reactivity of 2-phenyl-4-hexafluoroisopropylideneoxazolone-5, obtained through reactions involving hexafluoroacetone and 2-phenyloxazolone-5 or by cyclization of α-benzamidohexafluorodimethylacrylic acid. It shows that, unlike typical hexafluoroacetone adducts w…
This paper examines heterogeneous equilibria in aqueous systems containing hydrated metal ions, hydroxo complexes, solid metal hydroxide, and water, with attention to amphoteric metals that form hydroxo salts in alkaline solution. From relations between pH, hydroxide solubility, and hydroxo acid dis…
This paper examines how volatile organohalogen compounds modify silver catalysts used for selective oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. The authors pass air or nitrogen containing various additives over silver, measure carbon dioxide formation and halide accumulation, and compare oxidation, dec…
This paper analyzes stationary potential distributions and their stability in one-dimensional distributed electrochemical systems, motivated by self-oscillatory phenomena observed during current passage. Using a tube model with wall electrochemical reaction governed by an arbitrary polarization func…
This paper investigates hydrogen isotope exchange between acetone and deuterium bromide in the gas phase, a reaction type less studied than analogous liquid phase exchanges. Using a vacuum apparatus and infrared spectral analysis of HBr, DBr, CH, and CD bands, the study determines deuterium content,…
This study examines whether the initiating addition of ethyllithium to styrene and isoprene occurs instantaneously or gradually during organolithium polymerization. Polymerizations were conducted under argon, and samples were analyzed over time for polymer yield and unreacted ethyllithium, the latte…
This study determines crystallization temperatures, cryoscopic constants, and purity estimates for bicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptadiene-2,5 and cycloheptatriene, compounds relevant to aldrin production and related isomerization chemistry. Purified fractions were examined cryoscopically, including measurements…
This study examines the basic tetrahedron one half lithium sulfate, sodium chloride, rubidium nitrate, and thallium bromide within the seven-component reciprocal salt system Li, Na, Rb, Tl parallel Br, Cl, NO3, SO4. Fusibility measurements, heating and cooling curves, and graphical construction were…
This paper examines the oxidation of lower olefins to carbonyl compounds in aqueous systems containing divalent palladium salts, motivated by the proposed role of olefin palladium pi complexes in such transformations. The authors show that ethylene, propylene, and butenes can be oxidized using hydro…
This paper examines the origin of the unusual dark-red color and structural form of 2-p-nitrophenylindandione-1,3 in comparison with related arylindandiones. Using ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy of the compound, its sodium salt, derivatives, and the methyl ether of its enol form, the authors …
This paper examines whether dispersed particles produced during combustion of pyroxylin powder burn in the hot flame zone or decompose near the burning surface. Using an isothermal estimate based on surface temperature, decomposition kinetics, gas velocity, and measured burning rates, the authors ca…
This study examines whether halide complexes of triphenyl phosphite can replace hydroxyl groups in protected monosaccharides, using 1,2:5,6-diisopropylideneglucofuranose as a model substrate. Reaction with bromine or iodine complexes in organic solvent, followed by deprotection, afforded halodeoxygl…
This study determines the gas-phase geometry of the boron oxide molecule B2O3, for which experimental structural parameters had been lacking despite extensive work on condensed boron oxide. Electron diffraction patterns of boron oxide vapor produced at high temperature were analyzed by radial distri…
This paper analyzes how dispersion of condensed propellant material affects combustion, treating dispersion in a first approximation as a surface process without thermal effect. A theoretical relation is derived between burning rate, surface temperature, and depth of dispersion, showing that dispers…
This paper presents a potentiometric method for titrating strong, weak, and very weak acids in nonaqueous media, addressing cases where aqueous titration is inaccurate or impossible because of low dissociation, poor solubility, or the leveling effect of water. Using methyl ethyl ketone as the differ…
This study examines the mechanism and structural directionality of acid-catalyzed cyclization of pseudoionone and related pseudoirone under low-temperature stereospecific conditions. Cyclization experiments with pure trans-pseudoionone, natural pseudoionone containing cis and trans forms, and an app…
Hexamethyldisiloxane was condensed in a flow system under a high-voltage silent discharge at audio frequency to explore a one-stage route to organosilicon polymers containing alternating silicon-hydrocarbon and siloxane units. Passing the vapor through the discharge zone with hydrogen gave a 51 perc…
This study examines how external electron irradiation affects sulfur isotope exchange between solid potassium sulfate labeled with sulfur-35 and gaseous sulfur trioxide at 840°C. Experiments used a betatron electron beam to irradiate either both the salt and gas or only the gas, with absorbed doses …
This study examines the alkylation of ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene with propylene in the presence of boron trifluoride phosphoric acid catalyst, focusing on how catalyst concentration, temperature, reaction time, and reactant ratio affect product yield and isomer composition. The authors separate …
This paper examines a polarographic method for determining ultramicro concentrations of amalgam-forming metals using preliminary enrichment on a stationary mercury drop followed by anodic dissolution recording with an ordinary polarograph. The authors systematically study the effects of drop size, e…
The paper investigates cleavage reactions of unsymmetrical iodonium derivatives of dimedone, comparing phenyldimedonyliodonium with phenyl alkoxydimedonyl iodonium salts under varied solvents and reagents. Experimental decompositions in water, dioxane, pyridine, and in the presence of nitrate, bromi…
This paper examines how selected energetic, optical, and chemical properties of condensed polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons relate to a simple structural criterion: the minimum number of rings that cannot be represented by benzenoid Kekulé structures and must be assigned quinoid character. Comparing…
