SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This study examines the electrical properties of metal inner-complex compounds, chiefly acetylacetonates and oxyquinolates of beryllium, aluminum, zirconium, thorium, and related metals, to determine whether large differences between molar and electronic polarization arise from anomalously high atom…
This study examines the structure of the electrical double layer on monocrystalline zinc electrodes by measuring differential capacitance, with attention to capacitance dispersion, adsorption of surface-active ions, and comparison with mercury and gallium electrodes. The authors measured capacitance…
This study reports a detailed X-ray investigation of three variable-composition phases in the niobium tellurium system, previously identified across the ranges NbTe0.18 to NbTe0.82, NbTe1.00 to NbTe1.70, and NbTe2.33 to NbTe4.00. Samples were prepared by prolonged vacuum sintering of niobium and tel…
This paper examines the source of free radicals responsible for chain initiation at the initial stage of liquid-phase oxidation in systems containing an organic substrate and dissolved oxygen. By estimating initiation rates for the commonly assumed bimolecular reaction between RH and oxygen, using b…
This study examines chemisorption of oxygen and acetylene on nickel sulfide, a semiconductor with degenerate conductivity, and on NiS modified with small additions of lithium sulfide or indium sulfide. Adsorption was measured by a vacuum pressure-drop method over selected temperature ranges, with su…
This paper reexamines the reported rearrangement of the propyl cation formed during the reaction of n-propylamine-1-C14 with nitrous acid, which had been interpreted as a skeletal rearrangement of pinacol type. By repeating the reaction and degrading the resulting n-propyl and isopropyl alcohols thr…
A synthesis of 1-methyl-1,2-dicyclopropylcyclopropane is reported, addressing the difficulty of preparing hydrocarbons containing three cyclopropyl groups by the usual unsaturated ketone, pyrazoline, hydrocarbon route. Methyl cyclopropyl ketone was converted to its ketazine in high yield, then isome…
This study examines complex formation of Co(II) in the CoCl2, HCl, and water system, addressing conflicting prior interpretations and the lack of quantitative data for species present in solution. Electronic absorption spectra of solutions at varying CoCl2 and HCl concentrations were compared with s…
This study examines high-temperature gas-phase condensation reactions of silicon hydrides with alpha- and beta-chloronaphthalenes, p-dichlorobenzene, and related aryl chlorides as a route to arylchlorosilanes. The authors varied temperature, reactant ratios, and contact time, isolated chlorosilane p…
This paper examines potentiometric titration of organic bases in nonaqueous media, focusing on the limitations of protogenic solvents for differentiated analysis of base mixtures. The authors propose methyl ethyl ketone as both solvent and medium for perchloric acid titrant, and compare its performa…
The study examines equilibrium potentials of zirconium in mixed sodium and potassium chloride melts containing fluoride additions, a system relevant to molten-salt electrolysis and to understanding complex formation in fluoride-chloride media. Zirconium was introduced by anodic dissolution, and elec…
This study examines how ionizing radiation changes the potential of a smooth platinum electrode in 0.8 N sulfuric acid, with emphasis on distinguishing the roles of radical and molecular products of water radiolysis. Using X-ray irradiation over varied dose rates, cell geometries, gas saturation con…
This study examines molecular complexes formed by chlorophyll and pheophytin with several metal salts, including mercury, beryllium, aluminum, bismuth, niobium chlorides, and silver perchlorate. Using absorption spectroscopy in anhydrous solvents and isolation of precipitated products, the authors s…
The paper examines whether beta-monohydroperfluoroalkyl azides containing two fluorine atoms alpha to the azido group undergo a Curtius-like rearrangement through azacarbene intermediates. Thermal pyrolysis of 2-monohydroperfluoropropyl and 2-monohydroperfluoroisobutyl azides at about 200 °C gave th…
This study examines how the effective diffusion coefficient of methyl alcohol vapor in activated carbons depends on the amount adsorbed, a question relevant to intraparticle sorption kinetics and mass transfer mechanisms in porous sorbents. Sorption kinetics were measured under vacuum at 20°C for se…
This paper presents a systematic kinetic study of hydrogenolysis and hydrodesulfurization of sulfides and thiophenic sulfur compounds over an alumina cobalt molybdenum catalyst. Experimental conversion data were treated with the Frost and Kazeev equations to compare reaction parameters, activation e…
This paper examines the thermodynamics of isobutylene protonation in aqueous sulfuric acid, a problem relevant to the role of carbonium ions and related complexes in acid catalysis. The authors use low-temperature spectrophotometry to measure unprotonated isobutylene directly, extrapolating kinetic …
A rapid chromatographic method is examined for measuring gas and vapor adsorption isotherms and estimating the specific surface area of adsorbents and catalysts, with the aim of avoiding the complexity and long conditioning required in vacuum techniques. The authors compare frontal and development v…
This study examines an unexpected polymerization accompanying ethylene hydrogenation at atmospheric pressure over a cobalt clay catalyst at about 100°C in the presence of hydrogen. Flow experiments varied ethylene to hydrogen ratio, temperature, oxygen concentration, and carbon monoxide addition, wi…
This paper reports a synthetic route to phosphorus and phosphinic esters of enols from alpha-mercurated aldehydes and ketones. Because acid chlorides of pentavalent phosphorus acids did not react directly with organomercury compounds in ether, benzene, or without solvent, the authors used pyridine c…
This paper investigates the thermophysical properties of transitional carbon forms produced by high-temperature treatment of petroleum coke, channel black, and thermal black. Specific heat and thermal diffusivity were measured at room temperature after calcination between 1000 and 3000°C, and therma…
This paper investigates the acid-catalyzed self-condensation of cyclohexanone under ordinary conditions, especially in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid and alcohol or water. The authors show experimentally that cyclohexanone, and also 2-cyclohexylidenecyclohexanone, can form a solid produc…
This paper investigates the kinetics and mechanism of oxygen chemisorption on germanium, with particular attention to obtaining an oxide-free surface suitable for adsorption measurements. Germanium powder prepared from crushed single crystals was repeatedly reduced in hydrogen and degassed under hig…
This study examines how aggregation of quartz particles during grinding affects adsorption behavior toward water vapor compared with nitrogen. Two finely dispersed quartz samples of common origin, one ground with excess water and one additionally ground dry, were purified and characterized by volume…
This study examines the anodic passivation of zinc in potassium hydroxide solutions, focusing on how near-electrode concentration changes and surface film formation affect the transition from active dissolution to passivity. Using oscillographic potential-time measurements at constant current on a r…
This paper investigates whether free hydrogen atoms are formed as primary products in electron phototransfer reactions in aqueous media. Using electron paramagnetic resonance at 77 K, the authors irradiated frozen acid solutions containing ferrous sulfate or potassium iodide, and also benzene in sul…
This study investigates the direct reaction of isopropyl radicals with molecular oxygen under conditions designed to exclude photochemical effects and reactions involving hydrogen or oxygen atoms. Isopropyl radicals were generated by reacting hydrogen atoms with propylene, then mixed with oxygen dow…
This study examines the extension of reductive desulfurization methods from thiophene amines to ditertiary diamines as a route to branched higher alkylenediamines and their bis-ammonium salts, compounds of potential interest for curare-like activity. Starting from 2,2-bis(2-thienyl)butane, the autho…
This study examines how Co-60 gamma irradiation affects the structural and mechanical properties of potato starch gels, focusing on the limiting shear stress of gels prepared from starch irradiated at doses from 1.0 to 18.2 million roentgens. Using conical plastometry, the authors find that gel plas…
The paper examines the high-temperature interaction of beta-spodumene with potassium sulfate, with particular attention to reagent consumption, extraction of lithium and sodium, and the possible reversibility of the sulfate processing reaction. Sintering experiments over varied temperatures and pota…
This paper examines how small electrolyte additions affect the strength of crystallization structures formed during the hardening of hemihydrate gypsum, focusing on effects not explained solely by changes in supersaturation. Using potassium chloride as a model electrolyte and comparing suspensions o…
This paper examines the time-dependent dissociation of associated organometallic compounds in dilute solutions at constant concentration and temperature. Using cryoscopic molecular-weight measurements, the authors extend earlier observations on titanium alkoxides to alkoxy derivatives of tin, zircon…
This paper develops an adiabatic quantum theory of electronic processes in polar solutions, focusing on electron exchange between like charged ions in a continuum, Born-type solvent model. The authors formulate the ion, electron, and solvent Hamiltonian in terms of inertial solvent polarization, tre…
This paper investigates the dehydration kinetics of ethyl and isopropyl alcohols in adsorbed layers on alumina catalysts of different preparation histories. Using small adsorbed amounts and measurements of olefin pressure growth, the authors compare pure alcohol decomposition with mixed ethanol, iso…
This study examines the catalytic transformation of cyclononane over 5 percent platinized charcoal at about 300 degrees, extending comparative work on medium-ring polymethylenes under dehydrogenation conditions. Cyclononane was synthesized from dimethyl azelate via cyclononanolone, cyclononanone, an…
This study examines the oxidative polymerization of triallylboron and its effect on the polymerization of several vinyl monomers. Triallylboron was oxidized under various conditions, including exposure to oxygen, nitrogen and oxygen mixtures, benzoyl peroxide, and hydrogen peroxide, yielding yellow,…
This study investigates the reaction of ethylenimine with formaldehyde in organic solvents, a system previously known mainly from aqueous reactions yielding poorly characterized polymers. The work isolates and characterizes N-methylolethylenimine and N,N′-methylene-bis-ethylenimine, establishes thei…
Infrared absorption spectra were used to examine molecular addition compounds formed between selected formate and acetate esters and the metal halides TiCl4, SnCl4, AlCl3, and AlBr3. Thin solid films of the products were prepared under vacuum and analyzed spectroscopically to determine which bonds i…
This paper examines the mechanism by which hexachloroethane is formed during ultraviolet irradiation of carbon tetrachloride with alcohols, contrasting radical dimerization with a possible route through intermediate chloroform. The authors use carbon-14 labeled chloroform in photochemical and metal-…
This paper investigates the preparation of organosilicon derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol as a means of modifying its properties. Several synthetic routes were examined, including heterogeneous reactions of polyvinyl alcohol or its alcoholates with chlorosilanes, homogeneous reactions of partially s…
This paper examines extraction equilibria of strong electrolytes in alcohols when the organic phase may itself contain dissociated ions, a situation indicated by the electrical conductivity of hydrochloric acid solutions in isoamyl alcohol. Using thermodynamic distribution equations with activity co…
This study examines the potential of a platinum electrode in deoxygenated 0.8 N sulfuric acid under cobalt 60 irradiation at a high dose rate, with attention to how water radiolysis products determine the stationary electrode potential. The authors combine potential and polarization current measurem…
This study examines how halogen substitution affects the luminescence spectra and excited-state structure of anthraquinone derivatives. Using Shpolskii frozen solutions of n-paraffins at 77 K under 313 nm excitation, the authors measured fine electronic-vibrational spectra for alpha and beta fluoro,…
The study examines catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone over a mixed oxide catalyst previously applied to aliphatic alcohols. Using a flow apparatus, the authors measured hydrogen evolution and cyclohexanone formation across a range of temperatures and feed rates, determined re…
The paper calculates molecular orbitals and effective charge distributions for the ferricinium cation and related aromatic metal complexes, extending earlier treatments of metallocenes and dibenzenechromium systems. Using the same approximate self-consistent molecular orbital method, the authors com…
This study examines liquid, crystal phase equilibria in binary systems of 3-methylisoquinoline with benzene, naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, and indole, for which little prior phase-diagram information was available. Purified components and mixtures were investigated mainly by thermal analysis wit…
This study examines how dispersed solid phases affect the gamma radiolysis of carbon tetrachloride in a water mixture, using chloride ion formation as the measure of decomposition. Mixtures of carbon tetrachloride and water were irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma rays in the presence of varying amounts…
This paper investigates the synthesis of 1-nitropropylene from nitromethane and acetaldehyde via 1-nitropropanol, and compares two routes for converting the alcohol intermediate to the nitroolefin. Dehydration of 1-nitropropanol in the presence of phthalic anhydride gave a substantially higher yield…
This study examines the addition of methyldichlorosilane and triethylsilane to acrylonitrile under conditions involving iron pentacarbonyl, nickel chloride, and related reaction media. Experiments in stainless-steel autoclaves and sealed glass ampoules showed that neither nickel chloride alone nor, …
This paper investigates reactions of diazomethane with monoketones and alpha-diketones of the furanidine series as a route to tetrahydropyran derivatives. It shows that 2,2,5,5-tetraalkylfuranidinediones-3,4 undergo ring expansion between the two carbonyl groups, followed by enolization and methylat…
