SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This study examines the decomposition of ethyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, and 1,4-dioxane by butyllithium under anhydrous nitrogen conditions. Quantitative argentometric analysis of gaseous products showed formation of acetylene in all cases, with much of it released only after alcohol trea…
A low temperature synthesis of esters of dialkylphosphinic acids is described from alkyl dichlorophosphites and organomagnesium compounds, extending earlier work on alkylphosphinous acid esters. The reaction is carried out under nitrogen in dry ether, generally at about minus 60 degrees in the prese…
This study investigates hydrogen isotope exchange between the adsorbed hydrogen layer on palladium cathodes and aqueous electrolytes, using deuterium and tritium labeling to compare true exchange rates with exchange currents inferred from extrapolated overvoltage and ionization curves. Experiments w…
This paper reports a total synthesis of dl-estrone from 3-methoxy-D-homoestrapentaenone, extending an earlier route to D-homo steroid intermediates. The sequence involves selective hydrogenation, ketal formation, metal-ammonia reductions, oxidative dehydrogenation, hydrolysis to methyl D-homoestrone…
This paper examines the interpretation of electronic, vibrational, and infrared absorption spectra of uranyl nitrates, with particular attention to the roles of uranyl and nitrate ion vibrations. Infrared spectra of acetone solutions of hexaaquodinitratouranyl and uranyl trinitrate are compared with…
This study extends a catalytic condensation method for preparing beta-arylaminoketones by reacting Schiff bases derived from 4-aminodiphenyl and aromatic aldehydes with aliphatic-aromatic ketones. Motivated by the reported physiological activity of 4-aminodiphenyl derivatives, the authors synthesize…
This study examines the interaction of cobalt nitrate with potassium bromide and potassium iodide in a molten lithium nitrate, potassium nitrate medium, with comparison to direct solid-phase contact of the components. Using high-temperature spectrophotometry, the authors track changes in absorption …
This paper examines macroscopic staging in the diazoaminobenzene initiated bromination of phenetole by N,N-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin in dichloroethane. Kinetic measurements show a clearly two-stage consumption of the brominating agent: a faster stage corresponding to reaction of the first bromin…
This paper examines transformations of the cis, trans, trans and trans, trans, trans isomers of cyclododecatriene-1,5,9 obtained by cyclotrimerization of butadiene. The authors compare catalytic hydrogenation, partial hydrogenation followed by oxidative cleavage, epoxidation with perbenzoic acid, ep…
This study examines how additions of calcium oxide affect the magnitude and character of electrical conductivity in solid solutions based on cerium and zirconium dioxides. Conductivity was measured from 500 to 1000°C for compositions of 0.75 CeO2, 0.25 ZrO2 with varying CaO content, and the ionic an…
This paper develops approximate formulas for laminar flame propagation in systems governed by branched chain reactions, including quadratic chain termination. Starting from a one active center model and earlier general relations, it derives simplified expressions for the flame velocity under assumpt…
This study examines the kinetics and mechanism of the first stage of chromic acid electroreduction, focusing on the role of sulfate ions under defined hydrodynamic conditions. Polarization measurements were carried out at fixed potential on a gold rotating disk electrode in solutions containing chro…
This study examines the reduction of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate with calcium hydride as a route to diborane. Thermographic analysis with simultaneous gas examination indicated that diborane evolution begins near the boiling point of the etherate, around 120 degrees, while higher temperature …
The study examines nitration of p-oxydiphenyldimethylmethane acetate, a derivative prepared from a phenol acetone production byproduct, under conditions intended to limit oxidative degradation. Direct nitration with concentrated nitric acid, especially in the presence of ammonium nitrate or at eleva…
A high-sensitivity relative adiabatic calorimeter was developed and calibrated to measure heat capacities of the silica gel, water adsorption system at ordinary temperatures as a function of adsorbed amount and relative vapor pressure. Measurements on fine-pored silica gel showed that the heat capac…
This study examines the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical behavior of single-crystal n-type and p-type silicon electrodes during self-dissolution in alkaline solution, with attention to surface treatment, oxidation, polarization, and illumination. Measurements of electrode potential, hydrogen…
This paper reports the addition of dialkylphosphorous acids to 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate as a route to naphthylene-1,5-bis-dialkyl esters of amidophosphonuric acid. The authors describe reactions in chlorobenzene under brief heating, promoted through sodium alkoxide formation of sodium dialkyl ph…
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were studied for a series of inner-complex copper compounds, including acetylacetonate and acetoacetic ester derivatives and copper azo complexes, to examine whether the unpaired copper electron is localized or participates in molecular pi-electron systems. Th…
This study addresses the lack of reliable thermochemical data for cyclopropane hydrocarbons by measuring the heats of combustion of liquid 1,1-dimethyl-2-ethyl-, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propyl-, and 1,1-dimethyl-2-n-hexylcyclopropane at 25 °C in an isothermal-jacket bomb calorimeter. The experimental combust…
This study examines how chloride, bromide, and iodide ions affect the corrosion and passivation of 18-8 stainless steel in concentrated sulfuric acid. Dissolution rates were measured by weight loss and hydrogen evolution in 10 N sulfuric acid with added halide salts, and polarization curves were use…
This study uses oxygen-18 labeling to investigate the mechanisms of ortho and para isomerization of azoxy compounds and the interconversion of azoxy isomers. Labeled azoxybenzenes and substituted azoxy compounds were rearranged in labeled and unlabeled sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, acetic anhy…
This study examines the previously little known niobium tellurium system through samples prepared by prolonged sintering of elemental niobium and tellurium in evacuated quartz ampoules. X-ray diffraction, supplemented by measurements of electrical conductivity and thermoelectromotive force on presse…
This study examines how substituents bonded to silicon affect the reactivity and Si-H bond properties of alkylchlorosilicon hydrides. Using competitive photochemical chlorination with sulfuryl chloride and Raman measurements of Si-H stretching frequencies, the authors compare a series of mono- and d…
This paper investigates homogeneous catalytic systems for diene polymerization based on dialkylaluminum chlorides combined with soluble cobalt and nickel compounds. Experiments on butadiene polymerization in benzene show that cobalt chloride complexes with pyridine or ethanol are highly active at lo…
This study examines the mechanism by which chloride ions activate passive chromium-containing steels, focusing on whether the process is better explained by film disruption or by adsorption. Using chlorine-36 as a radioactive tracer, the authors measured chloride adsorption on high-surface-area pres…
This study examines the alkylation of 4-fluoroanisole with propylene, pseudobutylene, and cyclohexene using boron trifluoride, boron trifluoride orthophosphoric acid complex, and boron trifluoride etherate as catalysts. The reactions gave mainly 2-alkyl-4-fluoroanisoles together with 2,6-dialkyl-4-f…
This preliminary study examines the capacitance of the electric double layer at liquid metal electrodes in molten chloride salts, a system for which little structural information was previously available. Capacitance and resistance were measured for metals including lead and cadmium in an equimolar …
This study examines tritium kinetic isotope effects in liquid-phase hydrogen abstraction from hydrocarbons by free methyl radicals, focusing on benzene and toluene and comparing the results with earlier data for aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons. Methyl radicals were generated by acetyl peroxide …
This study examines the electronic effects of fluorine-containing substituents in aromatic compounds, a class for which physicochemical data were largely unavailable beyond fluoro and trifluoromethyl derivatives. The authors measured the acid dissociation constants of newly synthesized substituted b…
This paper examines the relationship between electrical conductivity and electron magnetic resonance spectra in organic substances and polymers containing conjugated bonds. Using previously measured conductivity parameters and resonance observations for a series of such materials, the authors compar…
The study examines phase equilibria in the ternary system magnesium sulfate, nickel sulfate, and water, focusing on hydrate crystallization over a range of temperatures. Using isothermal evaporation and crystallization experiments, with chemical analysis, Schreinemakers’ residue method, optical cont…
This paper examines the thermodynamic equilibrium of isomerization between 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane, motivated by uncertainties in earlier equilibrium data and by the relative roles of kinetic and thermodynamic factors in alkyl halide formation. The study measured equilibrium from both dire…
This paper reports syntheses of indane-series hydrocarbons bearing side chains in the five-membered ring, the benzene ring, or both rings. The authors use condensation of indene with ketones followed by hydrogenation to prepare 1-substituted indanes, and sulfuric acid catalyzed alkylation of indane …
This paper reports the synthesis of a lead-containing methacrylate, diphenylplumbylene dimethacrylate, through reactions of diphenylplumbanone and triphenylplumbanol with methacrylic acid. The study shows that triphenylplumbanol does not give the expected triphenylplumbyl methacrylate, but instead u…
This study examines how concentration fluctuations affect the effective dielectric permittivity of binary solutions with critical regions of phase separation. Dielectric permittivity, density, and refractive index were measured for nitrobenzene solutions in cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-oc…
The study examines reactions of diborane with n-propyl and n-butyl mercaptans in ether solution and characterizes the resulting alkylmercaptodiboranes. Excess mercaptan gives stable tetraalkylmercaptodiboranes, while a 1:2 diborane to n-butyl mercaptan ratio affords unstable di-n-butylmercaptodibora…
This study examines whether hydration of hemihydrate gypsum suspensions ends before, after, or at the same time as the attainment of maximum crystallization structure strength. Using conical plastometry to follow structure formation and adiabatic calorimetry to follow hydration, the authors compare …
This study determines thermodynamic functions for lower tungsten oxides by an independent high-temperature electromotive-force method, addressing limitations of earlier hydrogen reduction equilibrium measurements. Cells containing tungsten oxide mixtures, a zirconia-calcia solid electrolyte, and an …
This study examines how the specific radioactivity of cerium(III) oxalate labeled with cerium-144 affects its measured solubility in water, a question relevant to the use of radioactive tracers for sparingly soluble compounds. Cerium oxalate preparations of identical composition but different activi…
This study examines how ions of variable-valence metals affect the corrosion of quenched 1Kh18N9T stainless steel in boiling concentrated nitric acid. Metal ions were introduced into 12 to 16 N nitric acid solutions as nitrate salts or dichromate, and corrosion rates, electrode potentials, and catho…
The paper develops an approximate kinetic treatment of hot hydrogen atoms formed during radiolysis of alkanes and examines how their thermalization can affect the yield of dimer products. Using an energy group method analogous to neutron slowing down theory, it formulates diffusion and reaction equa…
This study compares the radiolysis of aqueous solutions under 660 MeV proton irradiation with that produced by cobalt-60 gamma radiation, using systems in which the proton energy loss per unit path length is close to that of fast electrons. Proton flux and absorbed dose were determined mainly by gra…
This paper addresses the isolation of weighable quantities of pure protactinium-231 from uranium-production wastes, where its very low concentration and association with chemically similar elements complicate purification. The authors concentrate protactinium by sorption from nitric acid solutions o…
This paper examines the behavior of amides of 8-[dibenzoylenepyridyl]naphthoic acid prepared from the corresponding acid chloride with ammonia and amines. The authors compare primary, secondary, acylated, oxime, and reduced derivatives using color changes, isolation of a sodium salt, elemental analy…
The study examines the initial stage of the reaction of phosphorus pentachloride with vinyl and isopropenyl acetates, seeking conditions under which addition to the unsaturated ester can be isolated or converted before further transformation. Low temperature reactions using two equivalents of phosph…
This paper investigates the isomerization and deuterium exchange of naphthenic hydrocarbons in liquid hydrogen bromide enriched with deuterium, using aluminum and gallium bromides as catalysts. Kinetic measurements for cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclohexane show that me…
The study examines the kinetics of uranium trioxide reduction by hydrogen at 350 to 500 °C and hydrogen pressures of 50 to 400 mm Hg, using a high-vacuum apparatus with continuous gravimetric monitoring. The authors find that the initial reduction stage proceeds at a constant rate proportional to th…
The paper investigates the kinetics of homogeneous destructive hydrogenation of toluene and ortho-cresol under high pressure in a flow reactor, addressing discrepancies between earlier bimolecular and simplified radical-chain kinetic descriptions. Experiments were carried out at 530 degrees for tolu…
This study examines cis-trans isomerization of natural rubber in benzene solution under the action of dry hydrogen chloride and ethylaluminum dichloride. The authors determined unsaturation, chlorine content, and chain microstructure, using infrared absorption bands to estimate the relative amounts …
This study examines how the structure of several hexenes affects double bond migration in the presence of acidic alumina catalyst, in contrast to earlier work on basic catalysts. Isomerization was carried out in a flow system at 80 °C over activated aluminum oxide at two space velocities, and produc…
