SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper examines how unimolecular decomposition of polyatomic molecules disturbs the vibrational energy distribution above the dissociation threshold, a region relevant to competing higher-energy decomposition channels and secondary reactions. Using a stochastic relaxation model reduced to a diff…
This study examines whether the small hydrogen overvoltage observed on platinum in acid solutions is controlled by electrochemical recombination or by diffusion of molecular hydrogen from the electrode surface into the solution. The authors use oscillographic polarography on platinum microelectrodes…
This study examines reductive amination as a general route to primary furan amines bearing amino groups in different positions of the side chain, and explores subsequent catalytic transformations of these products. Hydrogenation of saturated, mono-unsaturated, and dienone furan ketones in ammoniacal…
This study examines how the condition and polarization of the diffusion side of an iron membrane affect the diffusion rate of electrolytic hydrogen under fixed polarization conditions on the opposite side. Using volumetric measurements in alkaline solution, the authors compare clean iron with surfac…
This study examines how elevated hydrogen pressure affects the catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of furan compounds in a flow system. Sylvan, 2-methyl-5-acetylfuran, and isopropylfurylcarbinol were reacted at 230 to 275 degrees Celsius and 50 atm hydrogen over platinized carbon and skeletal…
This study examines the condensation product of optically active alpha-phenylethylamine with acetoacetic ester as a possible ketimide, enamine tautomeric system, using spectropolarimetry and mutarotation measurements. The authors isolated liquid and crystalline forms of identical composition and fou…
The study examines how added isopropyl alcohol affects the Deno acidity function C0 of sulfuric acid, motivated by the need for acidity data in mixed and nonaqueous media relevant to acid-catalyzed reactions. Using triphenylcarbinol as a spectrophotometric indicator, the authors measured indicator i…
This study examines the effects of high energy electron irradiation on solid platinum complex compounds of differing composition and structure. Dried samples were irradiated in an argon stream with 0.8 MeV electrons at controlled temperatures, and the metallic platinum formed after dissolution was d…
This study examines excitation energy transfer and sensitized decomposition during gamma radiolysis of dilute benzene solutions of organic disulfides with aromatic and aliphatic substituents. Using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl to trap radicals and suppress recombination, the authors measured radiation yie…
This study examines how conjugation energy affects the catalytic dehydrogenation rates of alkylaromatic and alkylhexahydroaromatic hydrocarbons on a mixed oxide catalyst. Using cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, and isopropylcyclohexane under steam dilution at 550 to 600 degrees Celsius, the authors com…
This paper develops a kinetic expression for electron exchange reactions in solution by relating the distance-dependent probability of electronic transition, derived from adiabatic perturbation theory, to the experimentally observed specific rate constant. Using the iron isotope exchange reaction as…
This paper examines the mechanism of molecular chain termination in isoprene polymerization catalyzed by a heterogeneous complex formed from triisobutylaluminum and titanium tetrachloride. Combining ultracentrifugal molecular weight distribution data with polymerization kinetics, the authors argue t…
This paper examines electrophilic nitration of borofluoride salts of diphenylchloronium, diphenylbromonium, and triphenyloxonium cations, comparing their orientation with other phenyl onium systems. Experiments with nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures and with nitronium borofluoride show that diphenyl…
This paper examines how intermolecular interactions are reflected in the fluorescence spectra of 1- and 2-acetylanthracenes dissolved in pure solvents and solvent mixtures. The study compares spectral shifts and changes in vibrational structure in nonpolar hexane, polar solvents, alcohols, and multi…
This paper examines the addition reactions of unsaturated nitro compounds with organic bases, focusing on 1-nitrocyclohexene and 1-nitroisobutylene. The authors synthesize and characterize several crystalline adducts, including 2-nitrocyclohexylphenylhydrazine, 2-nitrocyclohexylurea, 2-nitrocyclohex…
This paper examines the reactivity of bis(cyclopentadienyl)diphenyltitanium in comparison with related organometallic compounds, focusing on radical halide exchange and decomposition reactions. Experiments with mercuric chloride, diphenylmercury, alcohols, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, …
This study examines the polarographic behavior of sodium, potassium, and lithium borohydrides in alkaline media in order to clarify conflicting earlier reports on the anodic wave attributed to borohydride ions. Using a dropping mercury electrode, the authors compare purified and technical borohydrid…
This paper examines how electronic conductivity in a solid electrolyte affects the power output of a galvanic cell, using the cell Ag, AgBr, Br2,C as a model system. The authors derive expressions for the electromotive force and electrolyte resistance when bromine diffusion creates p-type electronic…
This study examines how beta radiation from sulfur-35 incorporated into sodium sulfate affects oxygen isotopic exchange between solid sodium sulfate and oxygen enriched in oxygen-18 at 600 to 800 °C. Sodium sulfate samples with varied specific activities were prepared, exposed to labeled oxygen, and…
This paper examines whether the yield of cumene hydroperoxide in liquid-phase oxidation can be increased by introducing hydrogen peroxide as a short-term initiator at different stages of the reaction. Experiments show that hydrogen peroxide added at the beginning does not accelerate oxidation or sho…
This paper examines retardation phenomena in the polarographic reduction of cobalt ammine complexes containing negatively charged substituents in the inner coordination sphere at the dropping mercury electrode. Using the stable cationic complex tetraamminecarbonatocobalt, the authors compare reducti…
This paper examines how the nature of metallic catalysts influences catalytic activity in alcohol dehydrogenation, with particular attention to the relationship between activation energy and metal properties. Using kinetic measurements for isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenation over silver, platinum, and…
The study examines condensations of newly obtained substituted pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acids with hydrazine and aniline, focusing on how substitution affects formation of cyclic hydrazides, N-aminoimides, imides, and dianilides. Heating several dimethyl and hydroxy methyl acids with hydrazine gene…
This paper reports the isolation and structural determination of a new triterpene, named myricolal, from the bark of Myrica gale L. Using elemental analysis, derivative formation, infrared absorption spectra, oxidation with chromic anhydride, and reduction with lithium aluminum hydride, the authors …
This paper compares the oxidation of ethyl alcohol in liquid and gas phases under similar temperature conditions in order to clarify why liquid-phase oxidation can differ sharply from gas-phase behavior. Experiments at 200 degrees used a stainless-steel autoclave, elevated pressures, air bubbling, a…
This study examines whether high-pressure polymerization of butyraldehyde, yielding unstable polyoxymethylene-type solids, requires prior crystallization as had been reported for acetaldehyde. Purified butyraldehyde was subjected to pressures up to about 7000 kg/cm2 in sealed ampoules and in an opti…
This study examines the alkylation of phenol with amylenes at 100°C using boron fluoride and related catalysts, comparing product yields with those obtained using sulfuric acid and aluminum chloride catalysts. Amylenes prepared from isoamyl alcohol, including 3-methylbutene-1 and 2-methylbutene-2, w…
This paper examines cyclohexane dehydrogenation over nickel catalysts supported on different materials, focusing on how the apparent activation energy depends on benzene adsorption. Using kinetic measurements and relative adsorption coefficients, the authors find a logarithmic relation between appar…
This paper examines how the semiconductor character of galena surfaces affects the fixation of xanthate, with particular attention to the roles of donor lead impurities, adsorbed oxygen, and surface electrochemical heterogeneity. Using thermoelectric electromotive force measurements on several sulfi…
This paper examines the extension of telomerization chemistry to organocyclosiloxanes, using octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane as an inorganic ring system bearing organic substituents and dimethyldichlorosilane as both chain-terminating reagent and ring-opening agent. Heating the reagents without catalys…
This study examines the catalytic behavior of pyrophoric manganese prepared by vacuum decomposition of manganese amalgam, with purity and phase composition checked by radioisotope analysis and X-ray diffraction. Flow reactor experiments tested dehydrogenation of cyclohexene, cyclohexane, and ethylbe…
This study examines how small additions of potash and phosphoric acid affect the catalytic activity of pure chromium oxide in hydrocarbon aromatization reactions, in comparison with earlier observations on alumina, chromium catalysts. Experiments at 450°C with n-heptane, cyclohexane, and a heptane, …
This study determines the crystal and molecular structure of ditoluenechromium iodide by X-ray analysis, using Patterson and difference electron-density methods to locate iodine, chromium, and carbon atoms. The compound crystallizes in a monoclinic cell with cations and anions in special positions, …
This paper examines the orientation of the π-electron cloud in the cyclopropane ring by relating stereochemical constraints to Raman spectral evidence for conjugation with phenyl substituents. Building on earlier comparisons of cis and trans cyclopropane derivatives, the authors study 1,1-diphenylcy…
This study examines the formation of carbonaceous deposits during the decomposition of ethyl alcohol on a copper, silica gel dehydrogenation catalyst, focusing on the relative roles of acetaldehyde and alcohol as carbon sources. Using a radiochemical isotope kinetic method with carbon 14 labeled ace…
This paper investigates the C5-dehydrocyclization of alkylcyclopentanes and paraffins to bicyclic hydrocarbons, prompted by unexplained Raman lines in products from n-octane conversion over platinized carbon. The authors synthesized cis-pentalane, measured its combination-scattering spectrum, and co…
This paper examines base-induced isomerization of 1,1,1,3-tetranitroalkanes to the corresponding 1,1,3,3-tetranitroalkanes, extending earlier observations for tetranitropropane. The authors compare the effects of potassium acetate, potassium methylate, caustic potash, dimethylamine, and ammonia in d…
This paper examines how sulfur from sulfur-containing surface-active additives becomes incorporated into electrodeposited metals, focusing on nickel and zinc deposits. Using measurements of total sulfur, carbon content, sulfide sulfur liberated during dissolution, anodic separation of sulfide residu…
This study examines whether polymers containing conjugated bond systems can inhibit the thermooxidative degradation of polyvinyl chloride, interpreted as a radical-chain process leading to dehydrochlorination. Polyphenylvinylene, a phenylacetylene copolymer, and a dehydrochlorinated polyvinyl chlori…
This study examines the relative reactivity of C-H and C-T bonds in n-heptane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and cyclohexane toward methyl radicals in the liquid phase, with attention to aromatic medium effects and the influence of the phenyl group. Using tritium-labeled hydrocarbons and methane r…
This paper addresses conflicting literature values for the potential of zero charge of silver, which ranged widely depending on the experimental method. The author measures the differential capacitance of the double layer on silver electrodes in aqueous sulfate, chloride, and bromide solutions, usin…
This paper analyzes conditions under which the solubility of one component of a gas mixture in a liquid reaches a maximum as pressure increases. Extending thermodynamic treatment of solubility maxima from binary systems to a ternary system, it derives an equilibrium condition involving partial molar…
This study examines the catalytic autoxidation of delta-3-carene with oxygen in the presence of lead acetate or manganese dioxide, addressing conflicting earlier reports that suggested a simple formation of a single hydroperoxide. The authors reduced the autoxidation mixture, fractionated the produc…
This study examines the adsorption of unsaturated fluorocarbons C2F4 and C3F6 on tungsten tips in an electron projector, with the aim of testing whether molecular image forms are connected with double bonds and pi electron participation rather than with simple molecular geometry or obligatory microt…
This study examines chemical shifts in F-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra as a tool for qualitative and structural analysis of organofluorine compounds. Using a synchronized self-oscillating spectroscope, the author measured spectra for about 100 compounds of known structure relative to CF2Cl2 …
This paper reexamines the commonly accepted kinetic interpretation that hydrazo compound rearrangements in acidic media proceed through double protonation and a transition state containing two protons. Using product analyses for hydrazobenzene and substituted analogues in alcohol, aqueous acid, and …
This paper examines the thermodynamics of kaolinite transformation during heating, an area previously treated mainly from a kinetic perspective. Using available and newly reported thermodynamic data, including heat capacities estimated by additivity, the authors calculate free energy changes for sev…
Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study radical states in powdered symmetrical cyanine dyes with varying polymethine chain length, heterocyclic nuclei, and counterions. Measurements at 9 GHz showed that EPR signals appear only above characteristic degrees of conjugation, with singlet lines…
This paper examines the use of spectrophotometry to determine the molecular weights of poorly soluble inner-complex compounds, for which cryoscopic and ebullioscopic methods may be unsuitable. The method is based on comparing specific absorption coefficients of complexes and their corresponding Mann…
This study examines the hydrolytic decomposition of oxidized hard coal during alkaline carboxylation, using a Kaa-Khem coal rich in phenolic and carboxyl groups as the experimental material. Coal was treated repeatedly with aqueous sodium hydroxide under carbon dioxide, then acidified and fractionat…
