SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper relates proton nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts in organic compounds to magnetochemical estimates of atomic and group susceptibilities. Using a reconstructed magnetochemical scheme, it calculates the local fields produced at protons by induced diamagnetic moments of neighboring …
This study examines the decomposition of unsymmetrical diaryliodonium chlorides by bismuth powder in the presence of bismuth trichloride as a route to organobismuth compounds. The authors prepared several unsymmetrical iodonium salts and decomposed them in acetone, followed by ammonia treatment to c…
The study determines the thermodynamic quantities for formation of the higher iron antimonide, FeSb2, from solid iron and antimony. Electromotive force measurements were made for cells containing FeSb2 and antimony alloys in the heterogeneous region of the Fe-Sb phase diagram over 410 to 610 degrees…
This study investigates how triethanolamine affects the sensitivity of photographic emulsions to light and ionizing radiation, with the aim of clarifying the mechanism behind its known sensitizing action in nuclear emulsions. Seven emulsions were treated with varying concentrations of triethanolamin…
This study examines how ionizing radiation affects atmospheric corrosion of metals under high humidity, addressing a subject previously little investigated. Experiments in closed glass vessels at 98 percent relative humidity used electron, X-ray, and cobalt-60 radiation sources to compare corrosion …
This study examines how para substituents influence the vibrational, optical, and dipole moment properties of nitrobenzene derivatives. Raman spectra, ultraviolet absorption spectra, and literature dipole moment data are compared for a series of compounds with substituents of differing electronic ch…
This study examines the unsaturated hydrocarbons in the 60 to 150°C fraction of thermal cracking gasoline produced from Grozny paraffinic crude oil. The olefinic portion was separated chromatographically, distilled into narrow fractions, and analyzed using sulfuric acid treatment, hydrogenation and …
The study examines how inorganic and organic cations affect the electroreduction of the PtCl4 double charged anion at a dropping mercury electrode, with attention to inhibition caused by electrostatic repulsion at negatively charged surfaces. Polarization measurements show that alkali metal cations …
This paper examines the reactivity of tropylium salts toward vinyl ethers and beta-chloromercuriacetaldehyde, extending known nucleophilic reactions of the aromatic cycloheptatrienyl cation. Experiments show that tropylium bromide and perchlorate react readily with simple vinyl alkyl ethers in aqueo…
This study investigates the crystal structures of alkali-element uranates and diuranates, for which detailed structural data were previously limited or unavailable. Single-crystal and powder X-ray methods, including Laue, rotation, and Debye techniques, were used to determine lattice parameters, spa…
This paper investigates the vertical distribution of hydrogen peroxide vapor above aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions, motivated by earlier observations of exponentially decreasing photographically active particles near corroding metals. Using inclined photographic plates exposed above solutions, t…
This study examines the thermal decomposition kinetics of alkaline earth metal acetates in relation to vapor phase catalytic ketonization of acetic acid. Thermodynamic calculations and thermogravimetric experiments were used to estimate decomposition conditions for magnesium, calcium, strontium, and…
This paper examines the origin of the weak acidic properties of 3-acylpyrazoles, considering whether salt formation involves an O-metal tautomeric form with disruption of pyrazole aromaticity or deprotonation at nitrogen induced by the electron-acceptor effect of the acyl group. The authors use infr…
This paper reports Raman scattering measurements on crystalline complexes of antimony trichloride with naphthalene and diphenyl ether, with comparison to the spectra of the separate components and to earlier data on related complexes. The spectra show intensity redistribution, frequency shifts, spli…
This paper reports an experimental study of free radicals formed in solid substances under irradiation by fast electrons, using electron paramagnetic resonance recorded directly during irradiation. The authors describe an apparatus combining an EPR spectrometer with a high-voltage electron accelerat…
This study examines how spatial cross-linking affects nitrogen permeability in polybutadiene and seeks to distinguish the effects of covalent network bonds from those of sulfur-containing polar groups and intermolecular forces. Polybutadiene networks were produced by heating, cobalt-60 irradiation, …
This study examines whether the cis and trans configurations of the propenyl radical are preserved during metal exchange reactions at olefinic carbon. Starting from stereoisomeric 1-bromo-1-propenes, the authors prepared corresponding propenyllithium compounds and converted them at low temperatures …
This paper examines how diffusion processes can govern bimolecular reaction kinetics in solutions even when the observed reaction rate is weakly dependent on solvent viscosity. Using acridine orange in alcohol, glycerol, and water, glycerol solutions, the authors measure phosphorescence decay and re…
This paper proposes a theoretical explanation for why vapor-phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons follows different directions on different semiconductor oxide catalysts, using benzene oxidation as the main example. Interpreting known product patterns through the electronic theory of catalysis, i…
This paper investigates how different classes of hydrocarbon autoxidation inhibitors interact with alkyl and peroxide radicals during liquid-phase oxidation of white oil. Using acetyl peroxide or tetraethyllead as sources of alkyl radicals and cumene hydroperoxide with cobalt naphthenate as a source…
This study examines how small additions of ozone initiate low-temperature oxidation of saturated gaseous hydrocarbons, addressing whether ozone reacts directly with fuel or acts through species formed during its decomposition. Flow experiments on hydrogen and propane oxidation by ozonized oxygen sho…
This paper presents a modified synthesis of N-methylimide of citraconic acid intended to reduce resinification observed in earlier two-stage preparations through the intermediate amido acid. The authors argue that resin formation is associated with isomerization of citraconic acid derivatives to ita…
This study examines the catalytic synthesis of ethanol from carbon dioxide and hydrogen under pressure, a reaction that otherwise tends to yield methane, carbon monoxide, or methanol depending on conditions. A range of iron, cobalt, and nickel catalysts was tested in high-pressure flow and recircula…
The study examines the structure of liquid bismuth, tin, and Bi-Sn alloys using high-temperature electron diffraction and radial distribution analysis. Thin metal films reinforced with quartz layers were prepared, diffraction intensities were normalized, and radial distribution functions were calcul…
The study examines how high concentrations of dioxane affect coordination interactions in the cadmium thiocyanate aqueous system and proposes an explanation for the observed “negative complex formation” effect. Potentiometric measurements with a cadmium amalgam indicator electrode were carried out f…
This study examines gas formation and its role in radiation-induced degradation of polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyethylene under fast-electron irradiation at varied temperatures and dose rates. Experiments combining irradiation with controlled heating show that gas evoluti…
This paper examines the polarographic reduction of a series of sandwich-structure bisarene chromium iodides, including dibenzene, ditoluene, dimesitylene, bisdiphenyl, dicumene, and di(cyclohexylbenzene) chromium derivatives. The authors synthesize two previously undescribed iodides and study reduct…
This paper examines whether amorphous polymers are better described as chaotically entangled chains or as systems containing ordered molecular bundles. Using electron microscopy of dilute and concentrated solution deposits, the authors study Salvarsan, polyacrylamide, and a methyl methacrylate, meth…
The paper examines the stereochemistry of the Diels-Alder condensation of 1-alpha-acetoxyvinyl-delta1-cyclohexene with maleic anhydride in boiling benzene, focusing on whether the liquid adduct is a single anti-cis product or contains stereoisomeric material. Through acid saponification, isolation o…
This paper investigates the mechanism of spontaneous potassium ozonide decomposition into potassium superoxide and oxygen, a reaction previously shown to have an autocatalytic course with a long induction period. The authors combine kinetic measurements of oxygen evolution with Gouy magnetic suscept…
The study investigates isotopic exchange between carbon dioxide chemisorbed on a doubly promoted iron catalyst for ammonia synthesis and carbon dioxide in the gas phase, with attention to what the exchange reveals about surface heterogeneity and promoter behavior. Using carbon-14 labeled carbon diox…
The paper investigates the kinetics of isobutylene polymerization catalyzed by boron fluoride diethyl etherate, using a reactor in which the catalyst was present as a thin adsorbed film on fused quartz to reduce diffusion effects. Measurements at 70 degrees show that at low isobutylene pressures the…
This study examines the pressure-induced polymerization of butyraldehyde, a reaction previously known to yield unstable products of unclear structure. Purified butyraldehyde was sealed under nitrogen and held at ultrahigh pressures, with product yields estimated by vacuum evaporation of residual mon…
This paper investigates the kinetic mechanism of vapor-phase methane nitration by nitrogen dioxide under conditions of slow reaction and low conversion, addressing whether the process is chain-like or governed by a free-radical elementary step. Initial rates were determined from nitrogen dioxide con…
This study examines how catalyst supports influence the direction of ring cleavage during catalytic hydrogenation of cyclopropane hydrocarbons. The authors compare the isomerizing activity of aluminosilicate, kieselguhr, pumice, activated carbon, and supported platinum catalysts, using ethylcyclopro…
This study examines the stereochemistry of substitution and isotope exchange reactions at an olefinic carbon atom in cis and trans β-chlorovinylmercury compounds. Using mercury-203 labeled mercuric chloride and metallic mercury, the authors followed electrophilic and homolytic exchange reactions in …
This communication reports a repeated determination of the standard heat of combustion of liquid tetrahydropyran, undertaken to address a discrepancy between previously published Soviet and English calorimetric values. The authors purified tetrahydropyran by several methods, dried and fractionated t…
This paper examines critical conditions for thermal explosion in condensed-phase substances when heat exchange at the boundary is finite rather than fixed-temperature. Using the Frank-Kamenetskii transformation of the Arrhenius term, the authors formulate a stationary boundary-value problem with a B…
This paper investigates the formation and stabilization of free radicals and hydrogen atoms during gamma radiolysis of hydrocarbons frozen at 77 K. Hydrocarbons including normal paraffins, isooctane, cyclohexane, benzene, and toluene were irradiated in sealed quartz ampoules and examined without tha…
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of amino acid derivatives of adenosine 5′-phosphate in which amino acids are connected to the nucleotide through a phosphoric acid residue. Esters of N-adenylamino acids containing a phosphoamide bond were prepared from 2′:3′-isopropylideneadenos…
This note examines the statistical basis of corrections to the Debye theory of strong electrolytes, focusing on the Debye, Debye-Hückel, and Bjerrum treatments of the ionic contribution to free energy. Using Bogolyubov’s method of correlation functions, the authors derive an approximate binary corre…
This paper investigates the synthesis and characterization of alkylgermanium hydrides and the previously unreported organic alkylgermanium deuterides. A series of methyl and ethyl substituted germanium hydrides and deuterides was prepared from corresponding alkylgermanium halides using lithium hydri…
Using oxygen-18 isotopic tracing and mass spectrometric analysis, this study examines the anodic formation, hydrolysis, and thermal decomposition of percarbonate, perborate, and perphosphate salts. The results indicate that water oxygen does not participate in the electrolytic formation of percarbon…
This paper examines the nature of bonding between platinum and unsaturated molecules in complex compounds, focusing on ethylene, propylene, and carbon monoxide complexes. Through critical analysis and reproduction of infrared spectra, together with calculations of skeletal vibrations and force const…
This study examines the mechanism of iodination of aromatic amines, aminocarboxylic acids, and aminosulfonic acids by comparing reaction kinetics for protiated and deuterated substrates. Rate measurements under varied iodine, iodide, amine, and buffer conditions show that most reactions follow a tri…
This paper examines topochemical diffusion processes in which growth of a porous product layer slows reaction by increasing the diffusion path, producing the usual parabolic rate law under constant external concentration. Using a quasistationary approximation with a linear concentration gradient and…
The study investigates the equilibrium potentials and valence state of zirconium in molten lithium chloride and potassium chloride eutectic melts containing zirconium chlorides. Using zirconium or molybdenum electrodes against a chlorine reference electrode, the authors followed the reduction of tet…
This paper investigates reactions of monomercurated carbonyl compounds that proceed with transfer of the reaction center from carbon to oxygen, enabling preparation of metallic derivatives of vinyl alcohol. Lithium and sodium vinylates were obtained by cleavage of the mercury-carbon bond in mercurat…
This paper describes the preparation of new organosilicon intermediates and titanium-organosilicon derivatives containing mixed alkyl and aryl substituents at silicon, developed to study the effect of such siloxy groups on titanium compounds. Phenyldimethylchlorosilane and methyldiphenylchlorosilane…
This study examines equilibrium deuterium distribution in hydrogen isotope exchange between water and several thiols containing S-H groups, a class of systems for which prior data were limited. Normal butanethiol, secondary butanethiol, isoamylthiol, normal hexanethiol, and thiophenol were synthesiz…
