SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
The study examines the acid-catalyzed decarbonylation of benzoylformic acid in concentrated sulfuric acid, using spectrophotometric monitoring at 400 nm to relate reaction rates to acid-dependent molecular forms. Measurements over 85.46 to 99.94 percent sulfuric acid show first-order decomposition w…
The study investigates the kinetics of dehydrogenation of ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and cyclohexanol over a precipitated copper catalyst in a flow apparatus. Relative adsorption coefficients for reaction products and hydrogen were determined by a reaction kinetic displacement…
This paper examines the reactivity of isolable intermediate products of the Arbuzov rearrangement with secondary amines, by analogy with their known reactions with alcohols. Several aryl phosphite alkyl iodide complexes were prepared and treated with diethylamine or dimethylamine, with quantitative …
This paper investigates the catalytic conversion of gamma-keto alcohols with ammonia and amines as a route to pyrrolines, pyrroles, and pyrrolidines. Gamma-acetopropyl alcohol and secondary gamma-acetobutyl alcohol were passed over dehydrating and dehydrogenating catalysts, including alumina, pallad…
This study examines the preparation and phenylating behavior of diphenylbromonium and diphenylchloronium salts, comparing them with known diphenyliodonium compounds. The authors report improved synthetic conditions that raise the yield of diphenylbromonium salts and describe reactions showing both h…
This study examines how the heats and free energies of formation of zirconium nitrides depend on composition, challenging the common treatment of zirconium nitride as a phase of fixed stoichiometry. Zirconium nitride samples were synthesized under controlled nitrogen pressures and analyzed by precis…
This study examines the vapor phase hydrogenolysis of alpha-substituted furan homologues over a platinized charcoal catalyst, with attention to how the length of the alkyl side chain affects ring cleavage. A series of alpha-alkylfurans from methyl to n-amyl derivatives was prepared and hydrogenated …
This study examines the thermal decomposition of cotton cellulose at 300°C in vacuum, focusing on changes in degree of polymerization and levoglucosan formation. Cellulose samples of different initial polymerization degrees were heated for controlled intervals, after which decomposition products and…
This study examines whether O-peptides of beta-hydroxyamino acids can act as amino acid residue carriers in enzymatic peptide synthesis. N-benzoyl derivatives of O-benzoylphenylalanyl serine, O-benzoylphenylalanyl threonine, and O-hippuryl serine were reacted with ethyl glycinate, with comparisons a…
This paper examines preparative routes to methylheptenone and methylheptadienone, intermediates used in the synthesis of isoprenoid fragrance compounds. The authors compare condensation of prenyl halides with acetoacetic ester, direct reaction of dimethylvinylcarbinol with acetoacetic ester, and pyr…
This study examines phase transformations in soap, hydrocarbon, and water systems relevant to the structure of consistent greases, using dielectric constant measurements as an independent diagnostic method. Calcium oleate in xylene, with varying water contents, was measured over frequencies from 1 k…
This study examines the mechanism of the A. E. Arbuzov rearrangement, focusing on whether aliphatic phosphites form intermediate phosphonium-type addition products during reaction with alkyl halides. Using physicochemical composition, property diagrams, the authors measured refractive index, density…
This paper reports syntheses of analogs of methylheptenone and methylheptadienone as intermediates for preparing analogs of natural isoprenoid compounds such as linalool, geraniol, citral, farnesol, and ionone. The authors prepare tertiary vinyl and acetylenic alcohols and convert them by several ro…
This study examines the influence of potassium, ammonium, barium, and magnesium perchlorates on styrene polymerization over a range of temperatures, prompted by the observation that styrene stored over anhydrous magnesium perchlorate formed polystyrene. Using sealed ampoules and stirred inert-gas re…
The study examines the reaction of 1,4-dichlorobutanone-2 with potassium acetate in acetic acid and clarifies the pathway leading to 1-chloro-4-acetoxybutanone-2. Through trapping experiments with cyclopentadiene and 1,1′-dicyclohexenyl, as well as independent addition reactions of acids to chlorome…
This paper proposes a mechanism for cation exchange in ion exchange resins based on ion association between fixed anionic groups and exchangeable cations, treating the process as an equilibrium between associated ion pairs and dissociated ions. The authors derive an expression for the exchange const…
This paper investigates the reaction of phenyl azide with salts of dialkyl phosphites as a test of the trivalent character and reactivity of phosphorus in these compounds. It reports that free dialkyl phosphites do not react with phenyl azide, whereas sodium and triethylammonium dialkyl phosphite sa…
This paper reports a one-stage method for replacing alcoholic hydroxyl groups with fluorine by treating alcohols with a sulfonyl fluoride and potassium fluoride. The authors propose and support a mechanism involving alcoholate formation, acylation to an alkyl sulfonate, and subsequent alkylation of …
This study examines the polymerization behavior of unsaturated organogermanium compounds, a class for which prior synthesis and polymerization data were lacking. Mono-, di-, and tri-allylgermanes, as well as methallyl derivatives, were polymerized or copolymerized with methyl methacrylate under high…
This paper proposes a metallochemical table of the chemical elements for classifying interactions between metals and between metals and metalloids in alloy formation. Using the periodic position, electronic structure, atomic and ionic radii, and structural similarity of elements, it distinguishes fa…
This paper examines the electrolytic dissociation of complex compounds formed by tin tetrahalides and antimony trihalides with aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, esters, and related oxygen-containing organic substances. To test proposed dissociation schemes, the authors studied ion transport during ele…
The paper investigates the mechanism of cyclohexanone oximation by sodium hydroxylaminemonosulfonate under acidic conditions, a reaction relevant to industrial hydroxylamine chemistry but not previously mechanistically described. The authors propose an acid-catalyzed pathway in which protonated cycl…
This paper examines true and apparent equilibria in ion exchange between streptomycin ions and carboxylic cation exchangers in sodium and hydrogen forms. Static sorption experiments with KB-4 and KFU resins show that low sodium ion concentrations can produce false equilibria, attributed to slow diff…
This study examines the role of copper chloride complex compounds and the cations of complex-forming chlorides in the catalytic polymerization of acetylene and related acetylenic hydrocarbons. By isolating and characterizing crystalline complexes formed in CuCl, MCl solutions and measuring changes i…
This study determines the oxidation reduction potentials of p-oxyphenylglycine, a photographic developing agent, over a range of pH values in order to test relationships predicted by the electrochemical theory of photographic development. Potentiometric oxidative titrations were performed at 25 °C u…
The paper investigates conditions for diazotizing weakly basic, poorly water soluble 2-p-aminoarylindones in order to prepare previously undescribed azo dyes containing an indene ring. After unsuccessful trials in acetic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid media, the authors develop a procedure usin…
A theoretical and experimental study is presented of current distribution and polarization in plane liquid diffusion electrodes with uniform porosity, accounting for finite electrode thickness and concentration changes of reacting species through the pores. The authors derive a macrokinetic equation…
This study examines how the reaction medium affects hydrogen adsorbed on skeletal nickel and platinum catalysts during hydrogenation with pre-sorbed hydrogen. Using sodium maleate and o-nitrophenol as hydrogen acceptors, the authors varied alkali and acid concentrations, temperature, and catalyst ty…
This study examines the rheological properties of protective surface layers formed at oil and water interfaces, which are implicated in the stability of petroleum emulsions. Using a torsion-pendulum method with corrections for bulk-phase resistance, the authors analyze deformation behavior and chara…
This study examines the role of transport phenomena in the chromatography of divalent and trivalent ions over concentrations from 0.1 to 10^-9 N, using carrier-free radioactive cerium-144 and strontium-89 on a KU-2 cation-exchange column. Radiometric tracking of ion fronts was compared with calculat…
This study examines proton magnetic relaxation in nonaqueous solutions of paramagnetic salts, focusing on cases where rapid hydrogen exchange is absent or involves only a minority of solvent protons. Measurements of longitudinal relaxation times were made at room temperature in acetone and alcohol s…
This paper examines whether olefin hydropolymerization under carbon monoxide and hydrogen on a solid catalyst proceeds by a radical chain mechanism. Using experimental data for ethylene, propylene, butene-1, and related olefins, the authors compare yields per initiating carbon monoxide molecule at v…
This paper investigates the optical anisotropy of four chain polymers containing benzene rings, using flow birefringence as a means of relating dynamo-optical constants and intrinsic viscosity to the polarizability anisotropy of statistical chain segments. Measurements were carried out in solvents s…
This study examines the preparation and reactions of enol acetates derived from beta-furanidones, a class of compounds previously little described. Using isopropenyl acetate as the acetylating agent, several beta-furanidone ketones containing a single alpha-methylene group were converted to defined …
This paper examines the use of the rotating disk electrode for investigating electrochemical reactions coupled to homogeneous kinetic and catalytic processes in solution. It argues that the steady-state hydrodynamic conditions of the rotating disk provide advantages over the dropping mercury electro…
This paper examines the nature of active surface centers formed during thermal dehydration of silica gel, especially the possibility that dehydrated silica surfaces contain oxygen-rich or radical sites with oxidizing properties. Using coarse-pored silica gels calcined in air or under high vacuum, th…
This paper examines the structure and reactivity of dialkoxytitanium oxides, focusing on whether these compounds are monomeric titanium oxo species or associated polymers. Molecular weight measurements, especially by the isopiestic method in dilute solution, are used to support monomeric formulation…
This paper examines the use of electrical conductivity measurements to study powdered metallic catalysts in liquid media, focusing on skeletal nickel and platinum black suspended mainly in n-heptane. The authors measure the resistance of settled catalyst powders under different gas and adsorbate con…
This paper examines the relationship between molecular structure and infrared absorption spectra for secondary aromatic amines, a class of compounds important as rubber additives but previously lacking systematic spectral characterization. The authors record solid-phase infrared spectra of diphenyla…
This study examines the polymorphism of dicalcium silicate, a major mineral component of Portland-cement clinker, with particular attention to disputed intermediate modifications. Using high-temperature ionization X-ray diffraction, the authors followed structural changes during heating and cooling …
This paper investigates the synthesis of hydrocyanic acid during rapid adiabatic compression of nitrogen mixtures with methane or acetylene. Using a moving-piston adiabatic apparatus, the authors compressed gas mixtures to several thousand kg/cm² and determined hydrocyanic acid yields by absorption …
This paper derives a corrected form of the capillary condensation equation for porous bodies when adsorption layers are present, arguing that the common practice of subtracting adsorption-layer thickness from the Kelvin radius is physically incorrect. Using a reversible desorption construction and i…
This study examines how substituents affect the acidity of ferrocenecarboxylic acids and whether electronic influence is transmitted between the two cyclopentadienyl rings of ferrocene. A series of substituted ferrocenecarboxylic acids with alkyl, acyl, and carbomethoxy groups in the opposite ring w…
This study examines anhydrous magnesium sulfate as a vapor phase catalyst for the dehydration of secondary alcohols, using cyclohexanol, cyclopentanol, propan-2-ol, and pentan-2-ol as substrates. Flow reactor experiments varying temperature, space velocity, and catalyst operating time show that dehy…
This study examines the preparation and reduction of ferrocene carboxylic acid derivatives as routes to substituted ferrocenes. Ferrocene was metalated with phenylsodium and carboxylated to give ferrocenedicarboxylic acid, while lithium aluminum hydride reductions of methyl ferrocenecarboxylates and…
This paper investigates the synthesis and behavior of several organosilicon beta-alcohols, beta-hydroxyalkyltrimethylsilanes, whose stability toward beta-cleavage and dehydration had been regarded as limited. The authors prepared four alcohols by reacting trimethylsilylmethylmagnesium chloride with …
This paper reports the application of organomagnesium synthesis to the preparation of carbon substituted derivatives of l-arabinose, extending a method previously used for other monosaccharides. Beta chlorotriacetyl l-arabinose was reacted with various Grignard reagents to obtain phenyl, anisyl, nap…
This study examines the kinetics and mechanism of homogeneous graphitization of cracking and pyrolysis petroleum cokes under isothermal treatment from 2000 to 2800 degrees Celsius. Using X-ray diffraction, the authors track the sharpening of graphite reflections, the decrease of interplanar spacing …
The study examines the catalytic dealkylation of alkylbenzenes and selected derivatives over a single industrial aluminosilicate catalyst under comparable flow conditions. Eleven compounds, including ethylbenzene, propylbenzene and butylbenzene isomers, cymenes, and chlorocumenes, were tested at var…
This study examines the structural ambiguity of benzhydroxamic acids and the alpha and beta crystalline forms of tribenzhydroxylamine. The authors investigate interconversion behavior, cryoscopic melting point depression by the Sidgwick method, dipole moments in dilute solution, and infrared absorpt…
