SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 680 papers in Earth & Space Sciences
This paper investigates the ellipticity of the trajectory of the Earth rotation pole’s free, Chandler-period motion, a phenomenon linked to the Earth’s figure and the orientation of its principal axes. Using International Latitude Service pole-coordinate data for 1900 to 1958, the study applies slid…
This paper examines the nature of deep earthquakes by recalculating global seismic energy release as specific seismic power, normalized by the active volumes of seismoactive zones and observation time. Using Gutenberg and Richter earthquake data and magnitude to energy conversions, it argues that th…
The paper addresses the reconstruction of sea floor relief in unsounded areas from neighboring bathymetric measurements, framing the task as a least squares estimation problem. It proposes a local third degree polynomial approximation with distance dependent weights and determines depths by solving …
This paper examines how heat advection by major ocean currents contributes to large-scale ocean-atmosphere thermal interaction, emphasizing the methodological limits of estimating heat transport from geostrophic velocities or heat-balance residuals. It proposes the heat content of a current’s cross …
This paper investigates weak, low-frequency fluctuations in the Sun’s centimeter radio emission at a wavelength of 3.3 cm, with attention to whether observed signal variations originate in the solar chromosphere rather than in instrumental instability or tropospheric propagation. Using a quasi-null …
This article applies correlation and multiple regression analysis to estimate rates of recent tectonic crustal movements from geological and geomorphological indicators in areas lacking repeated leveling data. Using 60 observation points in the Orel, Kursk, Voronezh, Gryazi geodetic polygon, the stu…
This paper evaluates the physical basis and exploration potential of the converted transmitted wave method using vertical seismic profiling data. Drawing on VSP observations in several geological settings, including investigations in Volgograd Oblast, it examines the formation of converted waves, th…
This paper examines the polygonal and otherwise irregular outlines of some lunar craters and questions explanations based on convective cells. Drawing on 160 observed examples, it argues that many quasi-polygonal craters are only partly angular and can be interpreted within an explosive, possibly me…
This paper examines Pi2 geomagnetic pulsations recorded at the magnetically conjugate stations Sogra and Kerguelen during two observation intervals in 1964 and 1966, using both differing and identical microvariation instruments. Analysis of 176 pulsation events with periods of 40 to 180 seconds comp…
This paper compares natural ballas diamonds with experimentally synthesized spherical diamond formations in order to clarify their morphology, internal structure, and conditions of formation. Using fracture observations, polished sections, surface microscopy, and X-ray diffraction patterns, the auth…
This paper evaluates whether regionally metamorphosed strata, commonly regarded as unsuitable for paleomagnetic study, can preserve useful primary remanent magnetization. Drawing on paleomagnetic investigations from 1959 to 1966 in greenschist facies rocks on the western slope of the Polar Urals, it…
This paper develops a general stability criterion for systems in which small departures from equilibrium are affected by competing stabilizing and destabilizing forces with Maxwell-type relaxation. By deriving and analyzing a cubic characteristic equation with the Hurwitz criterion, it shows that in…
This paper examines relationships between solar wind velocity variations and changes in tropospheric pressure and ionospheric F2 layer parameters, with attention to the sector structure and polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field. Using satellite measurements from Vela 2, IMP, Mariner 2, and P…
This paper reports radio sounding measurements of decimeter wave propagation through the atmosphere of Venus during the descent of the Venera-4 station. Using received signal strength records and statistical processing of amplitude fluctuations, the authors estimate attenuation, scintillation depth,…
This paper examines whether intergalactic hydrogen in the hot expanding universe could have been reheated early enough to avoid a neutral phase after recombination. It estimates limits on the redshift of reheating by combining energy losses of hot plasma through inverse Compton scattering on relic r…
This paper examines whether the observed surface brightness and isophote shapes in cometary comae can be explained by photodissociation and velocity dispersion of C2 molecules, with particular attention to comet 1959k. Using photometric measurements of C2 emission, estimates of observational error, …
This paper develops a theoretical framework for representing large-scale meteorological fields by biorthogonal eigenfunction expansions derived from the linearized hydrothermodynamic equations about a prescribed climatic state. The author formulates the basic and adjoint operators in a three-dimensi…
The paper determines the crystal structure of the newly identified natural calcium borate vimsite, using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Patterson and Fourier syntheses, and least-squares refinement in the monoclinic space group C2/c. The refined model gives the formula Ca[B2O2(OH)4], with calcium…
This paper addresses the nonuniqueness of seismic inverse problems for determining Earth velocity sections and argues that thermal constraints can narrow the range of admissible solutions. Using the dependence of seismic-wave velocities on pressure and temperature, it derives conditions linking velo…
This paper examines the origin of lunar maria and flat-floored craters, focusing on the spatial and elevation patterns of presumed basaltic lavas that are difficult to explain by flow from a single central source. Using morphological observations of mare margins, flooded craters, fissures, terraces,…
The paper examines optimal transfers between close, near-circular, non-coplanar orbits when active thrust arcs have finite duration rather than being represented by instantaneous impulses. Using linearized equations of motion near a circular orbit and Pontryagin’s maximum principle, it derives bound…
This paper examines the origin of subhorizontal seismic layering in the Earth’s crust of the northeastern Baltic crystalline shield, a feature not readily explained by surface geology or by simple changes in rock composition with depth. Using evidence from the Kola geophysical test site, aerial-phot…
This paper examines whether decimeter wavelength observations of Venus, including reduced brightness temperatures and differing dielectric constants inferred from polarization and radar measurements, can be reconciled with the greenhouse interpretation of the planet’s radio emission. It develops a t…
This paper examines the propagation of short-period Pc-1 geomagnetic oscillations, or “pearls,” using simultaneous spring 1966 recordings from stations at Sogra, Borok, Ashkhabad, and, in some cases, Irkutsk. The authors digitized selected well-correlated record segments and calculated normalized cr…
This paper examines diffusional charging of droplets in clouds and fogs, addressing the discrepancy between earlier theoretical formulas and observations that newly formed fog droplets often acquire predominantly negative charge. It proposes a modified mechanism in which the droplet surface double e…
This study examines the vertical distribution of cloud condensation nuclei in the free atmosphere using aircraft soundings and a flow-through photoelectric diffusion chamber operated at several supersaturations. Measurements from nine daytime clear-weather flights over several regions in 1966 show t…
The paper examines how the radial distribution of Alfvén speed in the magnetosphere affects the periods of stable geomagnetic pulsations attributed to magnetosonic resonances. Using satellite and whistler evidence for a sharp plasma density decrease near four Earth radii, it argues that the resultin…
This paper presents instrumental work undertaken to refine the seismic microzonation map of Skopje after the 1963 earthquake, for use in reconstruction and urban planning. Using paired seismic stations, one fixed at a reference site and one moved among representative soil conditions, the authors rec…
This paper presents deep magnetotelluric sounding results from a 90 km Ashkhabad to Bakhardok profile across the Pre-Kopetdag trough, addressing uncertainties caused by non-plane-wave sources and crustal inhomogeneity. The authors analyze sudden onsets of electromagnetic storms using a real-paramete…
This paper examines whether the observed drift of the Earth’s eccentric magnetic dipole could indicate motion of an eccentric solid inner core within the liquid core, and whether such motion would produce measurable secular changes in gravity. Using an assumed coincidence of the magnetic and gravita…
This record concerns V. I. Ulomov, A. I. Zakharova, and N. V. Ulomova’s study of the Tashkent earthquake of April 26, 1966, and its repeated shocks. The available text identifies the topic and publication context but does not provide the article’s analytical details, methods, observations, or conclu…
This paper reexamines the interpretation of hydromagnetic whistlers, or geomagnetic “pearls,” in light of helium ions in the exosphere. Using the refractive index for left-hand polarized waves in a proton, helium plasma and estimating transmission through gyroresonant opacity regions, it argues that…
This paper examines the influence of nonlinear inertial terms on wind-driven equatorial ocean currents in a homogeneous fluid, using a closed zonal channel model for the region adjacent to the equator. The authors formulate an iterative numerical method that determines the stream function and sea-le…
This paper examines the fragmentation of meteoric bodies using instantaneous photographic observations obtained in Dushanbe and Odessa, with detailed analysis of two meteors that separated into multiple fragments. From measured velocities, decelerations, masses, ablation coefficients, fragment displ…
This paper examines the polarization of Pc-1 hydromagnetic oscillations, or “pearls,” recorded simultaneously at the magnetically conjugate stations Sogra and Kerguelen in February and March 1965. Using two horizontal magnetic-field components and sonogram-based separation of simple and complex wave…
This paper studies the spatial Newtonian three-body problem in the case of nonzero angular momentum and negative total energy, where total escape and triple collision are excluded. Using an inequality relating moment of inertia, kinetic energy, and angular momentum, it derives restrictions on possib…
This paper examines the electron temperature in the envelopes of cool stars when high energy electrons interact with photospheric radiation and generate ionizing Lyman continuum radiation through the inverse Compton effect. Assuming hydrogen photoionization by this nonthermal radiation, recombinatio…
This paper examines the origin of annual variations in cosmic-ray intensity, using 1960 data from a worldwide network of hard-component and neutron-component stations together with aerological temperature corrections. The authors compare observed seasonal behavior with calculated meteorological effe…
This paper analyzes the geological structure of the lunar crater Alphonsus using Ranger 9 imagery at multiple scales, supplemented by ground-based photographs for regional context. The author interprets regional and intracrater fault patterns, ring fractures, axial ridges, graben-like depressions, a…
This paper examines the contribution of higher order light scattering to zenith brightness in the twilight sky, a factor that cannot be separated directly from observations and is often underestimated in optical sounding of the upper atmosphere. A theoretical calculation is developed by treating the…
The paper examines whether continuous phase transitions and critical phenomena may occur in the Earth’s mantle under high pressure and temperature, despite the mantle’s seismic behavior as a solid. Using thermodynamic arguments, it distinguishes true phase equilibrium, spinodal instability, and a qu…
This paper derives exact solutions for axially symmetric motions of a gravitating gas undergoing homogeneous radial deformation with a transverse velocity component. Starting from the gas-dynamical equations in spherical coordinates, it assumes a radial velocity proportional to radius and obtains ad…
This paper examines the role of the Earth’s deep heat flow as a major energy source for geological development, using an analysis of roughly 2000 heat-flow measurements and their spatial and statistical distribution across tectonic regions. It argues that characteristic heat-flow patterns correspond…
The paper formulates a linearized problem for the dynamics of a baroclinic ocean, motivated by forecasting sea currents and atmosphere ocean interaction. Starting from equations for velocity, pressure, density, temperature, and salinity, it introduces deviations from a standard vertical state and re…
This paper challenges the interpretation of earlier micrometeor impact measurements as evidence for a near-Earth dust cloud. It reports measurements from the Kosmos 135 satellite at altitudes of 260 to 650 km using piezoelectric impact sensors modified to reduce thermal, acoustic, and electrical int…
This paper examines whether hard X-ray emission from solar flares can acquire linear polarization through bremsstrahlung from anisotropic accelerated electrons. Using bremsstrahlung cross sections in the nonrelativistic Born approximation, the author derives polarization for a parallel monoenergetic…
This paper examines variations in radon content in deep thermomineral waters of the Tashkent basin as a possible precursor to strong tectonic earthquakes, using observations made before and after the 26 April 1966 Tashkent earthquake. The authors relate a long-term rise, rapid increase, subsequent s…
The paper examines the anomalously strong lithium absorption observed in T Tauri type stars and its possible relation to nonthermal processes in stellar atmospheres and to lithium in cosmic rays. Using a photoionization and recombination balance for neutral and singly ionized lithium, and adopting a…
This paper reports measurements of reflection and scattering of meter wavelength radio waves from the lunar surface using signals emitted by the Luna 11 satellite and received on Earth. By separating direct and reflected components through their differing Doppler shifts, the authors determined the v…
This paper examines whether electromagnetic sounding methods can distinguish internal geoelectric divisions within the crystalline basement. Field measurements from the Priozersk district were combined across a wide frequency range, using several sounding configurations and magnetotelluric data tran…
