SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 680 papers in Earth & Space Sciences
This paper develops a numerical formulation for nonlinear problems of baroclinic ocean circulation, extending earlier linearized pressure based models. The governing equations for velocity, pressure, and density are posed with surface, bottom, lateral boundary, and initial conditions, then treated b…
This paper analyzes turbulent exchange in the lower atmosphere over oceans, emphasizing effects of water vapor on buoyancy, entropy flux, and long wave radiative heat transfer. It formulates stationary boundary layer equations for momentum, moisture, heat, and turbulent energy, incorporating latent …
This paper analyzes the propagation and generation of magnetohydrodynamic waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere as a possible explanation for geomagnetic micropulsations. Using curvilinear coordinates tied to an axially symmetric magnetic field, the authors derive wave equations for Alfvén and magnetoa…
This paper develops a simplified linear model for long-term ocean atmosphere interaction, treating nonadiabatic atmospheric processes through a quasigeostrophic potential vorticity equation coupled to heat exchange at the ocean surface. The model incorporates radiative and condensation heating, turb…
This paper estimates how the density of crystalline crustal rocks changes with depth in the area of the Kovdor alkaline and ultrabasic massif at the Kola geophysical proving ground. Using gravity anomaly data, measured densities from rock samples, and corrections for regional background, vertical gr…
The paper develops a numerical method for calculating eddy currents induced in seawater by oscillations of the vertical component of the geomagnetic field, motivated by limitations of an earlier analytical treatment for a sea of uniform depth. The sea is represented as a set of concentric conducting…
This paper examines whether seismic elastic stresses from explosions can alter the remanent magnetization of magnetite ore bodies and thereby change the magnetic anomaly above them. Field experiments at magnetite deposits and magnetic anomalies used three-component magnetovariation stations, magneto…
This paper formulates a stationary method for calculating ice drift, ocean currents, temperature, and salinity in the Arctic basin, treating the ice cover as a continuous medium that is rigid vertically and fluid horizontally. It sets out coupled momentum, continuity, heat, salt, density, atmospheri…
This paper examines whether free oscillations of the Earth’s rotation axis are associated with changes in the Icelandic minimum of atmospheric pressure. Using monthly data for 1900 to 1955 on the depth and center coordinates of the Icelandic depression, together with the Earth pole component along t…
This paper examines the structure and luminosity of meteor trails using instantaneous-exposure photographs obtained in Dushanbe and Odessa, with attention to wake-type trails and terminal blending between meteor images. The authors compare observed intensity distributions for several bright meteors …
This paper develops a theoretical model for the vertical structure of tidal currents in a homogeneous sea covered by ice, treating the ice as a flexible film that follows vertical wave motion while retarding horizontal flow. The analysis formulates the rotating tidal-current equations with no-slip c…
This paper examines bursts of Pc-1 geomagnetic micropulsations occurring during characteristic intervals of decreasing period, using simultaneous magnetic field records from the magnetically conjugate stations Kerguelen and Sogra. Sonograms and amplitude time records from selected events in 1964 and…
This paper examines possible links between solar wind variations and the tropospheric temperature field, using spacecraft measurements from Mariner 2, IMP, Mariner 4, Pioneer 6, and Soviet missions compared with meteorological data, chiefly from regions along the Soviet Black Sea coast. The author a…
This paper examines possible effects of the 11-year solar activity cycle on the Northern Hemisphere sea-level pressure field. Using U.S. Weather Bureau monthly pressure maps for 1899 to 1939, the authors calculated annual mean pressures on a latitude and longitude grid and estimated amplitudes and p…
This paper estimates parameters of the Tunguska cosmic body using new mapped data on forest fall from the 1961 expedition and a shock wave analysis of the interaction between explosive and ballistic waves. Treating the main radial forest destruction as the effect of a spherical explosion wave, the a…
This paper examines modern vertical movements of the Earth’s surface in Tashkent using repeated precision leveling conducted before and after the 1966 earthquake. Comparing leveling data from 1939 to 1940, 1962 to 1965, and 1966, the authors compile maps and profiles of relative vertical displacemen…
This paper estimates subsurface temperatures for a planned 15 km ultradeep borehole in the Saatly region of the southeastern Caucasus. Using a geothermal gradient expression that incorporates surface heat flow, radiogenic heat generation, layer thicknesses, and rock thermal conductivity, the study c…
This paper formulates a numerical approach for calculating unsteady ocean currents and tides in a closed basin, extending earlier work on steady currents to include wind stress, atmospheric pressure variations, climatological effects, tide-generating forces, horizontal momentum exchange, and variabl…
This paper examines whether the 1908 Tunguska event can be explained by a thermal air explosion of a cosmic body powered solely by its kinetic energy, and considers implications for the body’s structure, density, size, and velocity. Using observed forest-fall patterns, the author argues that the mai…
This paper examines the behavior of ultralong quasi-stationary atmospheric waves, especially their observed phase oscillations and amplitude variations. It develops a simplified linear model for an incompressible fluid with an interface, a basic westerly flow, and a stationary forcing term represent…
This paper examines coastal effects in the vertical component of bay-like geomagnetic variations on Far Eastern island arcs, where sharp conductivity contrasts between seawater and land can produce local anomalies. Using a simplified electromagnetic model for a narrow elongated island near an oceani…
This paper proposes a polyasthenospheric model of the Earth’s upper mantle based chiefly on seismological observations from the Kuril, Japan earthquake zone, supplemented by data from strong global earthquakes. The authors jointly analyze travel-time curve derivatives, limiting earthquake magnitudes…
The paper develops a theory for interpreting magnetic and gravitational anomalies by treating the inverse problem as the determination of singular points of the harmonic functions describing stationary fields. It compares three analytic-continuation approaches: locating boundaries of analyticity, ex…
This paper analyzes the Tashkent earthquake of April 26, 1966, and its aftershock sequence using macroseismic surveys, records from regional and temporary seismic stations, focal mechanism analysis, and geodetic observations. The main shock reached intensity 8, had an estimated focus near 8 km depth…
This paper analyzes the damping of the Earth’s radial normal oscillations using the Gutenberg Bullen model A and previously developed perturbation methods for nearby Earth models. The authors present formulas for computing derivatives of radial eigenfrequencies with respect to density, bulk modulus,…
This paper examines dynamic remanent magnetization produced in magnetites and magnetic rocks by impacts in a constant magnetic field, with attention to its magnitude, direction, and stability. Experiments on magnetite, diorite porphyrite, and other rocks show that impact-induced magnetization tends …
The paper examines the applicability and simplification of hydrodynamic equations for modeling the structure and general circulation of the upper atmosphere above roughly 30 to 50 km. Using Knudsen number estimates based on reference atmospheric parameters, it argues that Navier-Stokes equations are…
This paper examines how the radio emission flux of local solar sources is related to the optical structure of active regions, using statistical processing of daily observations from 1961 and 1963. A least squares model separates contributions from main sunspots, other spots in the same groups, plage…
This paper studies optimal impulsive transfers between close, near-circular, non-coplanar orbits using a linearized orbital theory valid in a neighborhood of a reference circular orbit. The transfer is formulated as a multi-impulse optimization problem minimizing total characteristic velocity, with …
This paper estimates the relative concentration of negative ions in the ionospheric D region, where rocket measurements of ion concentrations had shown large discrepancies. Using the effective recombination coefficient profile and its relation to dissociative recombination and mutual neutralization,…
This paper estimates terrestrial heat flow and radiogenic heat generation in the Epigercynian platform structures of lowland Northern Dagestan using deep well temperature gradients, laboratory thermal-conductivity measurements, and gamma-spectrometric determinations of uranium, thorium, and potassiu…
This paper develops a statistical description of seismic wave propagation in weakly inhomogeneous real media, where small fluctuations of elastic parameters scatter energy from the deterministic wave field into a random component. It introduces a seismic turbidity coefficient, defined through the gr…
This paper presents a numerical treatment of the global propagation of semidiurnal tidal waves, specifically the M2 and S2 constituents, in the World Ocean excluding the polar basin. Starting from the Laplace tidal equations, the authors formulate a boundary value problem for the dynamic tide, discr…
This paper studies existence conditions for the inverse problem of geometrical seismics in a spherically symmetric medium with finitely many waveguides, after reducing the problem to ray propagation in a half-plane with depth-dependent velocity. It formulates necessary and sufficient conditions unde…
This paper addresses seismic hazard assessment by supplementing maximum possible intensity zoning with estimates of the mean recurrence of shakings of specified intensity. Using earthquake catalogs for Uzbekistan from 1868 to 1964, the authors construct maps for Eastern Uzbekistan by relating maximu…
Magnetotelluric soundings were carried out during the drift of the Soviet station North Pole-13 to investigate the geoelectric structure beneath a shallow Arctic Ocean sector. Field components were recorded over a broad period range and interpreted using the Tikhonov-Cagniard layered-medium model, w…
This paper evaluates rate constants for principal ion molecular reactions relevant to ionospheric chemistry, focusing especially on reactions of atomic oxygen ions with molecular nitrogen and oxygen. It compares scattered laboratory measurements with estimates derived from ionospheric observations, …
This paper reports joint Soviet and French observations of natural ultra-low-frequency emissions at the magnetically conjugate stations Sogra and Kerguelen from 1964 to 1965, using identical continuous recording equipment and spectral analysis of magnetic tapes. The authors compare the occurrence an…
This paper presents a parameter-free method for interpreting three-layer electromagnetic frequency-sounding curves of types K and Q. The argument begins from two-layer curves, showing that when the lower layer has effectively zero resistivity the thickness of the upper layer can be determined indepe…
This paper revises a model for the surface brightness distribution of the carbon coma of comet 1959 k, focusing on the motion and photodissociation of C2 molecules under solar radiation pressure. It argues that the previously assumed initial molecular velocity is too low to reproduce the observed ne…
This preliminary report examines whether charged-particle measurements from Luna-10 indicate that the Moon crossed the tail of Earth’s magnetosphere. Using two particle traps that separately recorded positive ions above about 50 eV and electrons above 70 eV during communication sessions from late Ma…
This paper examines the feasibility of replenishing and exploiting underground thermal-water resources in the Terek-Sunzha oil-and-gas-bearing region, particularly depleted Middle Miocene reservoirs near Grozny. Using well temperature data, measurements of rock thermophysical properties, heat-flow e…
This paper reports systematic radio observations of intensity fluctuations from the quasi-stellar source 3C-48 caused by inhomogeneities in the interplanetary plasma. Using the DKR-1000 radio telescope at wavelengths of 3.5 m and, less successfully, about 7.5 m, the authors measured scintillation am…
This paper reports preliminary measurements of the intensity and spectral composition of lunar gamma radiation obtained by the 32-channel scintillation gamma spectrometer aboard Luna-10 in selenocentric orbit. The study compares measured spectra over broad lunar regions with calibrated terrestrial r…
This paper reports measurements of thermophysical properties and geothermal conditions in selected wells of the Greater Caucasus and Ciscaucasia. Thermal conductivity was determined for several hundred igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock samples in dry and moist states, and combined with temp…
This paper develops a kinetic-equation framework for describing cloud droplet spectra, motivated by the difficulty of explaining droplet growth at sizes where gravitational coagulation is weak and ordinary condensational growth is insufficient. Starting from a distribution function in squared drople…
This paper examines how postglacial uplift can be used to estimate the dynamic viscosity of the asthenosphere, arguing that earlier estimates neglected the finite thickness of the subcrustal flowing layer. The authors model the uplift of an axisymmetric depression in a viscous incompressible layer o…
