SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 402 papers in Materials Science
The paper examines why radiation vulcanizates of polydimethylsiloxane and polymethylvinylsiloxane rubbers show higher heat resistance than conventional peroxide vulcanizates. Using comparative thermal aging and strength data, the authors relate this behavior to the nature of the crosslinking network…
This paper examines strengthening in nickel solid solutions alloyed with aluminum across binary to eight-component systems containing chromium, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, and cobalt. The authors compare melting behavior, phase composition, lattice parameters, and high-temperature resis…
This study examines intermediate active states formed during the mechanical destruction of polymers under controlled milling conditions, with emphasis on solid polymers at low temperatures where secondary reactions are restricted. Changes in specific surface area, molecular weight, luminescence, and…
This paper examines whether internal stress fields around individual dislocations in silicon can be observed directly by polarization optical methods in infrared light. Silicon crystals were grown with dislocations preferentially aligned along the growth direction, cut perpendicular to the dislocati…
This study examines the alpha solid solution region of the titanium, aluminum system, where conventional metallography did not explain the sharp increase in creep resistance and loss of plasticity at higher aluminum contents. Alloys containing 0 to 40 wt.% aluminum were prepared by powder metallurgy…
This communication reports electron microscopic observations of morphological polymorphism in crystalline stereoregular polypropylene prepared from very dilute xylene and decalin solutions. High molecular weight polypropylene solutions were heated near the solvent boiling point, slowly cooled, depos…
This paper examines why low molecular weight substances dissolved in high polymers often crystallize preferentially at the polymer gas interface, a phenomenon known as blooming. Using the sulfur polybutadiene system and radioactive sulfur labeling, the authors measured surface crystallization kineti…
This study examines whether electrical conductivity measurements reliably indicate shifts in the surface Fermi level of modified zinc oxide, a question relevant to interpreting semiconductor catalyst behavior. The authors constructed an apparatus for simultaneous measurement of electrical conductivi…
This paper examines the molecular mechanism of deformation in polymeric substances, especially rubbers, and argues that existing statistical and relaxation theories insufficiently describe the coupled structural changes occurring during deformation and contraction. Using concepts from macromolecular…
This paper examines the metallochemical properties of niobium and classifies the elements of the periodic system according to their modes of interaction with it. Using electronic structure, atomic radius, electronegativity, crystal structure, melting point, and literature data on binary systems, the…
This article reports an x-ray diffraction study of the atomic scattering factor and electron-density distribution in germanium, undertaken as part of a comparative investigation of group IV semiconductor crystals. Powdered n-type single-crystal germanium was measured using Cu K alpha radiation, with…
This paper discusses the rationale and experimental approach for growing metallic single crystals under high hydrostatic gas pressure, motivated by the expectation that increased pressure may reduce crystal lattice defects and alter phase behavior. The authors describe a furnace and high-pressure ap…
This study examines how prolonged deformation time affects the relation between composition and high-temperature strength in alloys from a section of the five-component Ni, Cr, W, Ti, Al system with varying aluminum content. Creep tests at 900°C and an initial stress of 6 kg/mm² were conducted for u…
This study examines the electrical conductivity of a broad series of synthesized polymers and molecular complexes containing conjugated bonds, heteroatoms, quinoid groups, chelate structures, and nonbenzenoid rings. Conductivity measurements on pressed tablets and films showed thermally activated be…
This study examines the phases formed during interaction between a five-component nickel solid solution and titanium carbide in heat-treated alloys containing varying TiC additions. The authors used electrochemical dissolution and intermetallide phase analysis, followed by chemical and X-ray structu…
This paper investigates the plastic deformation and suitability of several materials as lubricants in high-pressure apparatus by measuring their limiting shear stress under hydrostatic pressures. Thin disks or powders of graphite, silver chloride, pyrophyllite, magnesium, soft iron, and catlinite we…
This paper examines why low-melting metal melts can either reduce or increase the fatigue strength of steel under cyclic deformation, focusing on surface-active effects and secondary physicochemical processes in surface layers. Fatigue tests on steel specimens with stress concentrators compare behav…
This paper examines the hydration hardening of sulfate binders with different cations, focusing on how crystallization kinetics govern the formation and strength of dispersed structures. Using heat evolution measurements, dissolution studies, suspension hardening tests, and microscopy, the authors c…
This paper examines crystallization behavior in eutectic-type binary alloys subjected to cooling rates of about 10^5 degrees per second, focusing on whether highly supersaturated primary solid solutions form under such conditions. Using rapidly solidified thin films studied by metallography, X-ray s…
This study examines excess metallic phases in heat-treated multicomponent nickel alloys of the Ni, Cr, W, Mo, Nb, Ti, Al system, with emphasis on compounds formed at different niobium contents. Using intermetallic analysis, anodic dissolution in methanol-based electrolytes, microchemical analysis, e…
This paper examines mechanisms of plasticization in rigid-chain polymers, using cellulose as a model system and comparing plasticizers with different degrees of compatibility. Thermomechanical measurements were made on cellulose samples containing guanidine thiocyanate or urea, and the results were …
This study examines the internal structure of graphitized thermal carbon black particles by observing oxidized and thermally “exploded” particles with electron microscopy. Thermal carbon black calcined at 3200°C was oxidized with strong acids and potassium chlorate, then rapidly heated to split grap…
This study examines how grinding and dispersion affect the surface hydration and water vapor adsorption properties of highly dispersed quartz. Quartz samples prepared from the same crystalline material, with wet grinding used to reduce aggregation effects, were analyzed by water and nitrogen vapor a…
This paper examines the mechanism by which magnesium becomes protected from oxidation and the conditions under which this protection fails. The authors argue that oxidation behavior is connected with the electronic structure of surface magnesium atoms, whose valence electrons can form exchange bonds…
This study addresses the difficulty of determining the glass transition of cellulose, whose thermal decomposition occurs before direct observation of ordinary state transitions. Cellulose samples were plasticized with varying amounts of triethylphenylammonium oxide, pressed into tablets, and examine…
This paper examines the origin of scatter in brittle rupture stresses of amalgamated zinc single crystals fractured along the basal plane, especially at small angles between the basal plane and the specimen axis. The authors combine tensile fracture experiments with microscopic examination of cleava…
This study refines the crystal structure of magnetite using electron diffraction from thin polycrystalline Fe₃O₄ layers prepared by annealing evaporated iron films. Intensities from 74 diffraction lines, corresponding to 153 reflections, were measured photometrically and compared with calculated str…
This paper examines the nucleation and growth of brittle fracture cracks in plastically deformed metallic single crystals, emphasizing the distinction between slow development of stable embryonic cracks and rapid propagation after loss of equilibrium. The authors extend a dislocation-based energy ar…
This paper examines how semiconducting oxide films affect the electrochemical behavior of metals in aqueous electrolytes under ultraviolet irradiation. Measurements of electrode potentials and potentiostatic polarization for metals bearing natural or thickened oxide films show that the direction and…
This paper addresses the estimation of interphase surface free energy at the metal crystal or polycrystal and melt boundary, a quantity important for crystallization and previously argued to be overestimated by calculations based on Dupré’s formula. Using Gibbs’ thermodynamic theory of capillarity a…
This paper examines the use of high velocity electron microdiffraction to study the internal structure of thermal soot particles, using a 400 kV electron microscope capable of obtaining diffraction patterns from regions about 500 to 600 Å in diameter. The authors compare original soot with soot anne…
This paper examines the autocatalytic character of martensitic transformation, focusing on structural imperfections that arise in austenite during transformation and may stimulate further nucleation. The authors analyze prior kinetic data for Fe-Ni-Mn and Fe-Cr-Ni alloys and report a targeted experi…
This study examines how chemisorbed alkyl radicals affect the electrical conductivity of ZnO oxide semiconductor films and develops quantitative relations between radical concentration and conductivity. Methyl radicals produced by acetone photolysis were used to test a surface trapping model in whic…
This paper investigates the mechanism of mutual atomic transfer of copper during friction of bronze against steel under glycerol lubrication, a phenomenon associated with very low wear. The authors propose that localized heating at contact spots enables glycerol to reduce copper from surface oxide f…
This paper proposes a statistical approach to melting that determines the transition temperature from the crystalline side rather than from the liquid distribution function. Using Bogolyubov’s variational principle, the crystal is modeled first as an Einstein solid with atoms oscillating independent…
This study examines the mechanism of electrolytic polishing of metals by comparing optical and electron-microscopic observations of rolled and annealed copper and brass at successive stages of anodic treatment in phosphoric acid electrolytes. The authors relate dissolution patterns to metallographic…
This study examines whether silver can penetrate tungsten at temperatures near 1000°C, a question relevant to silver tungsten electrical contact materials and insufficiently resolved by earlier low sensitivity studies of the Ag-W system. Tungsten plates were held for controlled times in molten radio…
This study examines whether prolonged aging alters the formation, composition, or structure of the gamma prime phase in nickel based Ni, Cr, W, Al, Ti alloys. Excess phases were isolated electrolytically after quenching and aging at 900 degrees for up to 10,000 hours, then analyzed chemically and by…
This paper examines whether the mosaic structure of germanium and silicon single crystals grown from the melt can be explained by the conventional dislocation model of low-angle boundaries. Using two-crystal X-ray rocking-curve measurements, supplemented by metallographic observations of etch figure…
This study reexamines phase equilibria in the Ti-Sn system from 0 to 25 at.% Sn, addressing conflicting earlier phase diagrams for equilibrium between alpha titanium and the gamma phase. Alloys prepared by suspended induction melting from high-purity components were deformed, long annealed under vac…
This paper investigates how impurities adsorbed from etching solutions affect the surface conductivity of n-type germanium, a factor relevant to surface shunting of p-n junctions. Using wedge-shaped single-crystal specimens and conductivity measurements after etching in purified acid mixtures delibe…
This study examines etch figures in silicon single crystals, with emphasis on pits and surface structures associated with dislocations, defects, and growth features. Plates cut mainly near the (111) plane were oriented optically, ground, chemically polished, and etched using acid mixtures or, for lo…
This study examines the electrical behavior of composites in which highly dispersed iron particles are separated by thin, poorly conducting polymer layers, with attention to whether electronic transport can occur through such structures. Compositions were prepared either by adding preformed polymers…
This study examines the use of highly dispersed electrolytic iron powder as an active filler to improve the strength and heat resistance of polymeric materials. Polyamide resin-68, high-pressure polyethylene, and phenol-formaldehyde resol resin were filled with varying amounts of iron powder, presse…
This study examines the phase composition of iron-vanadium and iron-chromium alloys in temperature ranges where existing phase diagrams suggested simpler single-phase behavior. Alloys of selected compositions were homogenized, annealed between 1400 and 600 degrees Celsius, quenched in water, and ana…
This study examines radiation-induced transformations in the mixed polyamide anid G-669, focusing on whether ionizing radiation causes simultaneous cross-linking and degradation. Polyamide plates were irradiated with X-rays in air and vacuum, then evaluated by thermomechanical measurements, solubili…
This paper examines the development and healing of embryonic microcracks in crystals during plastic deformation, focusing on cracks that form in the slip plane rather than at the head of a dislocation pile-up. It proposes that bending of atomic planes parallel to the slip plane during pile-up format…
This study examines the preparation of sodium carboxymethylcellulose suitable for blood-substitute solutions, focusing on how degree of polymerization, degree of etherification, purification, and degradation method affect biological performance. More than forty carboxymethylcellulose preparations we…
