SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
This paper investigates the formation and dynamics of long sparks in air produced by weakly focused radiation from a high power neodymium glass laser. Using time resolved photography and measurements of the laser field in near and far zones, the authors observe a spark more than two meters long, com…
This paper analyzes emission currents in dielectrics when the Schottky effect lowers the metal dielectric contact barrier, modifying the boundary conditions of the kinetic problem. Using the known general solution for emission currents and introducing scaled variables, the authors derive the current…
This paper investigates the determination of elastic vibration dispersion in undeformed potassium chloride single crystals using diffuse X-ray scattering. Treating KCl as an alkali-halide crystal whose ionic masses and scattering factors permit a quasiacoustic approximation, the authors measure diff…
This paper investigates the use of phase holography for recording and processing particle tracks in bubble chambers and emulsion chambers, where high track density makes event selection difficult in conventional photography. Using artificial tracks in a gelatin bubble chamber as a model, the authors…
This paper examines how thermal vibrations of a crystal lattice affect the anisotropy of sputtering coefficients and ion-electron emission in copper single crystals under 30 keV argon ion bombardment. Experiments on copper (110) and near (111) faces, together with polycrystalline copper, measured an…
This paper generalizes a previously proposed group-theoretical method for classifying the allowed states of bound impurity-ion pairs in crystals to symmetric complexes of N paramagnetic impurity ions. Starting from impurity-ion states in their local crystal fields, it defines the symmetry of the com…
This note proposes a derivation of mass formulas in SU(3) unitary symmetry without assuming a specific perturbative form, such as an octet mass operator. The argument introduces a rotated quark triplet and, assuming the mass operator is diagonal in isotopic spin and hypercharge, compares mean masses…
This paper investigates polarization effects associated with Coulomb scattering of 4 MeV neutrons by copper, lead, and uranium nuclei at small angles. Using polarized neutrons from the D-D reaction, the authors measured differential elastic scattering cross sections at angles near 2, 4, and 6 degree…
This paper investigates whether electrons can acquire high energies during the initial stage of a pulsed spark discharge in air at atmospheric pressure. Using nanosecond voltage pulses across a short electrode gap, the authors detect bremsstrahlung produced by fast electrons decelerating in electrod…
This paper examines how non-exponential terms in quantum decay, required by the lower boundedness of the energy spectrum, may be detected despite their negligible effect on ordinary decay probabilities at experimentally accessible times. Using the asymptotic form of the survival amplitude for a pole…
This paper reports experimental studies of waves, moving striations, and noise in the positive column of low-pressure dc discharges in helium, neon, argon, and neon-helium mixtures. Using optical detection, oscillography, spectrum analysis, and externally driven excitation, the authors measured stri…
This paper examines how the adiabatic hypothesis should be formulated within axiomatic quantum field theory, where the S-matrix is introduced in terms of physical asymptotic fields but products of generalized functions still require prescriptions beyond the energy surface. Using a one-dimensional mo…
This paper investigates the anisotropy of optical transitions in metallochlorins and chlorophyll using low-temperature fluorescence polarization spectra, with comparison to absorption spectra. Measurements on zinc tetraphenylchlorin and chlorophyll a indicate that bands near the long-wavelength abso…
This paper develops a statistical theory of irreversible processes in liquids or gases whose molecules have internal rotational degrees of freedom. Starting from a second-quantized Hamiltonian, it derives conservation laws for energy, momentum, particle number, and internal angular momentum, showing…
This paper examines whether dispersion sum rule methods admit a static limit for pion-nucleon scattering and virtual pion photoproduction on nucleons. Under assumed high-energy behavior permitting unsubtracted dispersion relations, the analysis formulates static-model amplitudes with baryon recoil n…
The paper examines an unusual complex splitting of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum in polycrystalline zeolites containing water molecules associated with sodium nuclei. It interprets the observed doublet, each component split into four partly resolved lines, by modeling a two-proton w…
The paper calculates the phonon frequency spectrum of the silicon lattice and uses it to derive principal thermodynamic functions. Starting from Born and von Karman lattice dynamics for the diamond structure, the authors use experimentally determined elastic constants and Raman frequency data at 73 …
This paper analyzes a nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic effect in which a self-sustaining high-temperature, electrically conducting gas layer forms through preferential Joule heating during nonstationary interaction of a compressible conducting medium with a magnetic field. The authors examine the pheno…
This paper examines the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical work during an electric discharge in a gas or plasma channel. Using the first law of thermodynamics and the ideal gas equation, the authors derive expressions for the mechanical energy produced by expansion, the load giving maxi…
This paper derives particular exact solutions for axisymmetric, nonstationary motions of a rarefied plasma with anisotropic pressure, magnetic field, and self-gravitation, under the assumption that the magnetic field is perpendicular to particle trajectories. Using a self-similar radial velocity pro…
This paper studies cluster decomposition properties for vacuum expectation values of radiation operators and for matrix elements of the causal S-matrix in Bogolyubov’s axiomatic framework, restricted for simplicity to a real scalar field with self-interaction. Using the causality condition, complete…
This paper investigates emission currents and photoelectric properties in sandwich diode structures fabricated from high-resistance polycrystalline gallium arsenide films on insulating quartz substrates. The authors prepared aluminum, gallium arsenide, aluminum structures by vacuum evaporation and a…
The paper examines whether localized gravitational wave packets in general relativity possess a nonzero integral energy and momentum, despite the coordinate dependence of local gravitational energy pseudotensors. Using the weak-field approximation, the authors construct wave-type vacuum solutions sa…
This paper analyzes radiative effects in high energy electron electron scattering in colliding beams, motivated by the need to include such corrections in precision tests of quantum electrodynamics at small distances. It derives simple expressions for cross sections with emission of photons of arbit…
This paper addresses the construction of generator functions in the method of contact transformations for diagonalizing vibrational and rotational energy operators. It derives a general expansion formula for successive unitary transformations of a Hermitian operator and formulates a procedure for ch…
This paper investigates secondary electron emission from a KCl single crystal bombarded normally on the (100) face by helium ions with energies from 20 to 400 eV, focusing on whether potential electron ejection occurs in an alkali halide dielectric. Energy distributions were obtained by the retardin…
This paper derives relations between the optical characteristics of condensed media and the Einstein coefficients of their constituent molecules when the relevant molecular energy levels have finite width. It formulates spectral densities for spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, and absorption…
This paper examines the relative contributions of direct and indirect interband transitions to optical absorption in solids. Starting from standard expressions for optical conductivity, it compares the joint density of states governing direct transitions with a density of states convolution for indi…
The paper studies phase separation in low-temperature lattice gas models, focusing on the two-dimensional Ising lattice gas in the canonical ensemble with specific volume inside the first-order transition interval. Using a contour representation of configurations, it characterizes typical states as …
This study uses a helium neon laser and Fabry Perot interferometry to measure the fine structure of Rayleigh scattering in several liquids and aqueous solutions, deriving hypersonic velocities and absorption coefficients from Mandelstam Brillouin components. Measurements for toluene, cyclohexane, ac…
This paper investigates how the effective conductivity and active resistance of a toroidal plasma depend on the applied circumferential electric field, particularly near and above the Dreicer critical field. In a quartz toroidal chamber, plasma with density \(10^{11}\) to \(10^{12}\) cm\(^{-3}\) was…
A local approximation is developed for the electrodynamics of London superconductors using microscopic Green’s function equations in a magnetic field. After extracting gauge-invariant phases and passing to a mixed coordinate-momentum representation, the authors derive zeroth-order gradient relations…
The paper examines how the principle of microcausality can be formulated for generalized functions used in axiomatic quantum field theory, especially in relation to dispersion relations for scattering amplitudes. It compares three mathematically regular formulations of microcausality for a class of …
The study investigates how triplet excitons in benzophenone crystals interact with excited impurity molecules under varying excitation intensities at 90 K, using phosphorescence spectra and quantum yield measurements for impurities including phenanthrene, naphthalene, alpha-bromonaphthalene, and an …
This paper proposes a gas laser scheme in which the upper laser level is populated through charge exchange between negative and positive ions and remains in thermodynamic equilibrium with the gas, while the lower level is depleted by radiation. Using a Landau-Zener based expression for the charge-ex…
The paper examines how elementary particles may acquire an effective spatial extent through interaction with a gravitational field, arguing that this scale is the Planck length formed from the gravitational constant, Planck’s constant, and the speed of light. Using fluctuation estimates and the Fold…
This paper investigates how external elastic uniaxial stresses affect the galvanomagnetic effect in thin permalloy films. Films prepared by thermal evaporation were subjected to controlled bending strains, and changes in resistance during magnetization reversal were recorded oscillographically and c…
This paper examines ultrafast modulation of semiconductor quantum generator radiation by heating the electron-hole gas with intense optical radiation, thereby reducing population inversion and gain without changing the number of active carrier pairs. Using rate equations for photons and nonequilibri…
This paper analyzes relaxation in a near-resonant two-level quantum system driven by a monochromatic external field whose phase changes randomly, a situation relevant to radiation broadened by collisions. Using density-matrix equations and a phase-space distribution method for Poisson-distributed ph…
This paper analyzes a proposed radiation-driven instability in a bounded, thermodynamically nonequilibrium plasma when the radiation density is below the Planck value and emitted radiation is not trapped. Using simplified energy-balance equations for hydrogen plasma with negligible thermal conductiv…
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were measured at 4.2 K for low-temperature glasses containing rare-earth ions, chiefly neodymium and cerium compounds, at 300 to 400 MHz and 9500 MHz. The study finds intense low-frequency signals for all examined Nd3+ and Ce3+ glasses, while high-frequency si…
This paper examines the physical mechanism of anomalously large photovoltages in semiconductor films under monochromatic illumination, focusing on whether the AFN effect arises from micro p-n junctions or from photodiffusion Dember processes. The authors argue that angular dependences of the photovo…
This study examines spectral evidence for donor, acceptor interactions between organic adsorbates and the surface of the hole semiconductor TlJ. Electron donor and electron acceptor molecules were adsorbed from vapor under high vacuum onto degassed TlJ, and changes in capacitor photo-emf, photocondu…
This paper develops an axiomatic framework for nonrenormalizable quantum field theories whose momentum-space quantities may have growth beyond the tempered distributions of Schwartz-space formulations. It proposes using fields as operator-valued analytic functionals over the Fourier-Laplace transfor…
This note revisits the asymptotic expansion method for a weakly interacting nonideal Bose-Einstein system in a modified formulation with independent parameters for the condensate number and chemical potential. It analyzes correction terms to the thermodynamic potential, particle number, and chemical…
This study examines the spectral dependence of photoionization of sensitizing centers in cadmium sulfide and addresses why impurity photoconductivity spectra measured at equal photon flux differ strongly among samples. The authors analyze relaxation kinetics of impurity photocurrent under steady int…
This paper reports experimental observations of premature termination, or self-quenching, of generation in a ruby optical quantum generator when transparent liquids or solids are placed in the resonator, and under high-loss resonator conditions even without added media. Using ruby crystals with vari…
This paper examines whether superconducting-type pair correlations can arise in the pi-electron systems of polycyclic aromatic molecules, treating them as finite Fermi systems. It argues that effective attraction between pi-electrons may be produced by coupling to molecular vibrations or by virtual …
This paper derives a four-dimensional formulation for electromagnetic potentials in a medium that may be anisotropic, dispersive, and moving, using Fourier amplitudes of the field tensors and Tamm’s material tensor. The authors introduce a tensor construction that transforms the field equations into…
