SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
This paper reports measurements of selected absorption reactions of fast positive pions by light nuclei in nuclear photoemulsion. Fine-grained emulsions irradiated with 80 ± 6 MeV pion beams were scanned for multiparticle disintegration events involving gray tracks and heavy-particle tracks, and 789…
The paper analyzes electromagnetic radiation produced when a point charge moves along the axis of a semi-infinite circular waveguide, either entering or leaving its open end. The field is represented by a Hertz vector split into the field of a uniformly moving charge in free space and an unknown fre…
The paper analyzes singularities of solutions to the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the complex angular-momentum plane for scalar meson models, extending earlier massless and zero-energy results to nonzero particle masses and total energy. Using comparison estimates for the kernels in the ladder approxi…
This paper develops kinetic equations for nonequilibrium plasma processes that include nonlinear wave interactions, considering both the case of vanishing mean fields governed by correlations of random phase-density and field fluctuations, and the limiting Vlasov case with neglected correlations. Th…
This study measures the reflection coefficients of monoenergetic electrons with energies from 600 to 1200 keV from carbon, aluminum, zinc, tin, and lead. Using a vacuum scattering chamber with a collector system, the authors distinguish reflection of primary electrons from total reflection including…
The study investigates diffusiophoretic motion of aerosol particles in a water vapor diffusion field, a process relevant to fog scavenging, dust collection, and precipitation induction. A jet method was used in which a narrow aerosol stream passed between a wetted surface and a drying surface, and i…
This paper reports a method for preparing thin silicon films that exhibit anomalously large photovoltages under illumination, a phenomenon previously observed in several semiconductors but not yet reliably explained. The films were deposited from p-type single-crystal silicon onto heated quartz subs…
This paper reports an X-ray diffraction study of the structures of gallium and indium under high pressure, using a high-pressure camera calibrated by bismuth resistance transitions. Gallium compressed to 30 to 40 kbar was found, in several reproducible patterns, to transform to a denser tetragonal s…
This paper develops a quantum mechanical treatment of medium effects on bremsstrahlung by ultrarelativistic electrons in condensed amorphous matter, extending an earlier method beyond the classical limit while allowing quantum energies comparable to the electron energy. Using perturbation theory, el…
A theoretical study is presented of an acousto-magnetic effect specific to piezoelectric semiconductors with bipolar conductivity, in which ultrasound propagating perpendicular to an applied magnetic field produces a transverse electric field or current. Using a one-dimensional model with electron a…
This paper reports an experimental study of the temporal intensity of stimulated emission in a ruby laser using an optical resonator with aluminum-coated opaque spherical mirrors. By varying the mirror spacing and pump-lamp power, the authors show that regular oscillations occur when the spacing is …
This paper analyzes resonant secondary light emission by molecules, focusing on the transition between Raman scattering, resonance fluorescence, and intermediate regimes. Combining a refined classical oscillator model with the quantum-mechanical polarizability expression, it relates the character of…
The paper reexamines the conduction-band structure of gallium phosphide, motivated by discrepancies between the accepted model with a direct transition near 2.55 eV and compositional evidence suggesting higher direct-transition energies. Using transmission and reflection measurements on plane-parall…
This study reports additional nuclear quadrupole resonance measurements of As-75 nuclei in natural orpiment, As2S3, using a pulsed quadrupole echo method at 77 and 300 K on cleavage fragments, polycrystals, and powders from two deposits. The spectra consistently contain two equal-intensity lines, in…
This paper investigates how the critical alternating current of superconducting solenoids changes with temperature when cooled through the helium lambda point. Solenoids wound from a niobium titanium based superconducting alloy were tested at 50 Hz in liquid helium, using brass and fluoroplastic for…
This paper proposes a thermodynamic interpretation of the band gap in semiconductor compounds, treating the activation of intrinsic current carriers as a dissociation process followed by formation of ions, electrons, and holes. Using Gibbs dissociation potentials for solid compounds in equilibrium w…
This paper determines the electron-affinity energies of copper, silver, and gold atoms using negative surface ionization on a heated polycrystalline tungsten filament. Molecular beams of the metals and potassium iodide were directed onto the filament, and negative ion currents were measured with a m…
The paper examines ultrasound generation at p-n junctions made from nonpiezoelectric semiconductors, proposing a mechanism based on the electrostatic attraction of ionized donors and acceptors in the space-charge region. A theoretical treatment derives the lattice deformation, radiated wave amplitud…
This paper estimates whether cosmic radio sources such as radio galaxies and supernova remnants can produce detectable X-ray emission in the 1 to 100 Å range. It develops approximate flux formulas for synchrotron X-rays from relativistic electrons, including internal and Galactic absorption, and app…
This paper addresses the recovery of particle size distributions in dilute disperse systems from measured light scattering indicatrices, with special attention to optically soft particles whose refractive properties differ only slightly from the surrounding medium. Using the analytic form of the sin…
This paper develops an exact method for calculating the configurational integral of high molecular polymer chains with hindered rotations, where the interaction potential depends on distances related to angular configurations of neighboring links. The authors first treat a planar chain with variable…
This paper investigates the emission of energetic doubly charged helium particles in interactions of high energy protons and pions with complex nuclei in photographic emulsions, with emphasis on particles above 100 MeV where nuclear evaporation mechanisms are excluded. Using Ilford G-5 emulsion stac…
This paper analyzes the self-similar diffraction produced when a weak plane compression wave reaches the vertex of a finite-angle wedge moving supersonically with an attached oblique shock, for an arbitrary angle between the incident wave front and the wedge axis. After linearizing the unsteady gas-…
This note proposes using the maximum entropy distribution, subject to prescribed moments, to truncate Maxwell moment equations in rarefied gas theory as an alternative to Grad’s expansion in Hermite functions. For ten and thirteen moment approximations, the method yields moment equations, slip condi…
This paper investigates anomalously large photovoltages in thin silicon films prepared from both high-resistivity and low-resistivity silicon, focusing on their dependence on illumination, temperature, wavelength, and light polarization. Measurements show an approximately linear dependence of photov…
This paper develops a theory of frequency dependent conductivity and mobility for low mobility semiconductors whose charge carriers are treated as small polarons localized on lattice sites. Using a nonstationary transport formalism, it derives tensor expressions for the Ohmic mobility, separating co…
An evolutionary numerical method is proposed for electrodynamic problems in which electromagnetic fields and charged particle distributions are advanced stepwise in time on spatial grids from Maxwell equations coupled to particle equations of motion. The approach uses successive simplifications, beg…
This paper derives trace formulas for the many-particle Schrödinger equation in three dimensions, extending the Beth and Uhlenbeck type relation between thermodynamic coefficients and scattering data. For Boltzmann statistics, it expresses the thermodynamic limit of generalized activity coefficients…
This paper reports a new determination of the proton magnetic moment in nuclear magnetons using a magnetic-resonance mass spectrometer. The method measured the cyclotron frequencies of He+, Ne2+, and Ne+ ions during a single revolution in the magnetic field, while simultaneously measuring the spin p…
This paper examines the statistical theory of turbulence using diagrammatic methods analogous to quantum field theory, starting from Wyld’s formulation for incompressible fluids. It considers an approximation in which the simplest nontrivial terms are retained for the spectral function, Green functi…
The paper estimates the accuracy of calculating nuclear moments of inertia with the forced-rotation, or cranking, model. Using an approximate projection method, it compares the usual variational treatment with trial functions projected onto states of fixed angular-momentum projection and derives an …
This paper develops an asymptotic method for calculating wave functions and electronic terms of the molecular hydrogen ion with two fixed Coulomb centers, focusing on the two lowest states at large internuclear separation. After separating the Schrödinger equation in elliptic coordinates, the author…
This paper investigates internal modes of oscillation in a cylindrical ruby optical generator and their role in reducing metastable-state population and increasing heat release during laser operation. The authors determine the energy of these modes experimentally by analyzing the thermal energy accu…
This study examines cathode sputtering of polycrystalline tungsten by potassium ions, focusing on how adsorbed gases and alkali films alter measured sputtering yields. Using radioactive tracer measurements and collector biasing, the authors distinguish neutral sputtering from a negative-ion componen…
The paper analyzes steady quasi-one-dimensional flow of a nonequilibrium gas near the critical section of a nozzle, neglecting ordinary viscosity and thermal conductivity while retaining relaxation effects. Using expansions of the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic equations to cubic order, it derives f…
This study examines spectral sensitization of the internal photovoltaic effect in the organic semiconductor copper phenylacetylide by adsorbed organic dyes. Using transverse photoconductivity and diffusion photo-emf measurements, the authors compare undyed samples with samples treated mainly with ch…
This paper examines how gamma irradiation from a Co60 source affects the optical absorption, coloration, thermoluminescence, and paramagnetic resonance of light pink synthetic ruby containing 0.2 to 0.4 percent Cr2O3. Using polarized absorption measurements, thermoluminescence recording during contr…
This paper investigates selective excitation of neon atoms in helium neon discharges, motivated by the strong enhancement of the 6328 Å neon line when helium is added. Using a direct current discharge tube and spectrographic intensity measurements, the study compares line intensities in helium neon …
This paper derives the self-excitation condition for electromagnetic wave generation in an active plane-parallel uniaxial crystal plate composed of two equal layers with arbitrarily oriented optical axes. Using Maxwell’s equations and boundary conditions at the external surfaces and internal interfa…
This note reports early experiments on exciting a cadmium sulfide semiconductor quantum generator using a beam of fast electrons. A CdS single crystal cooled in a helium cryostat was irradiated with approximately 200 keV electrons in pulsed operation, producing intense green emission at 4966 Å. As c…
This paper reports an experimental and theoretical study of regenerative optical quantum amplifiers, optical amplifiers using positive feedback in an active medium with negative temperature. Several resonator schemes are analyzed, with gain expressions derived for plane, internally coupled, and unid…
This paper calculates the energies of octupole collective states with quantum numbers K pi equals 0 minus in even, even strongly deformed nuclei in the mass regions 152 to 186 and 228 to 254. Using approximate second quantization within the superconducting nuclear model, the authors solve a secular …
The paper reports an experimental study of microwave electromagnetic wave transmission through a bismuth specimen under conditions favorable to magnetoplasma oscillations. Two adjacent strip resonators sharing the bismuth sample as a common wall were used at 9600 MHz and about 1.8 K, with the magnet…
This paper develops a theoretical explanation for the layered structure of diffusion flux observed near the critical demixing point of a binary liquid solution. Starting from the entropy density used in the theory of critical opalescence and applying irreversible thermodynamics, it derives generaliz…
This paper examines how weak interactions among Langmuir oscillations in an ideal plasma produce shifts of plasmon frequency and damping. For long-wavelength longitudinal plasmons, the author formulates a four-plasmon interaction Hamiltonian and applies a retarded Green-function perturbation method …
The paper examines ordinary and second sound in a weakly nonideal Bose gas in the limiting case where the collision frequency is small, complementing earlier hydrodynamic treatments. Using one-particle Green functions in the random-phase approximation, it treats the kinetic-energy contribution as a …
This paper reports measurements of elastic scattering of polarized 4.00 MeV neutrons by a set of light, medium, and heavy nuclei, including beryllium, carbon, cobalt, nickel, selenium, niobium, cadmium, indium, tin, iodine, lead, and bismuth. Using polarized neutrons from the deuteron deuteron react…
The paper presents an exact method for calculating normal waves in a periodic cellular waveguide, reducing the problem to an eigenvalue equation for the cell Breisig operator. The method constructs a matrix representation directly from the Maxwell boundary-value problem, using expansions in partial …
This paper investigates the dimensions and cross-sectional form of molecular formations responsible for anomalous field-electron emission patterns observed when organic semiconductors are adsorbed or condensed on tungsten tips. Using Rose’s formula for local magnification, the authors relate the mea…
A method is proposed for calculating one-electron states in arbitrary, statistically disordered systems of atoms, including liquids, glasses, compressed gases, alloys, impurities, and polymer semiconductors. The approach uses a tight-binding expansion in localized atomic functions, treats a finite g…
