SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
This paper develops a stationary theory of laser generation in an active medium containing two kinds of four-level centers, treating spectral inhomogeneity as a source of multimode behavior. Starting from kinetic equations for mode photon numbers and excited-state populations, the authors analyze si…
The paper proposes an optical transmission method for studying thin films deposited on opaque semiconductor substrates, using substrate photoresponses such as photoconductivity to register light that has passed through the film. The authors develop the measurement scheme and formulas for deriving fi…
This paper reports experiments on stimulated emission from alcoholic solutions of the cyanine dye 3,3′-diethylthiotricarbocyanine iodide pumped by a giant pulse ruby laser. The authors measure absorption and luminescence characteristics, observe intense narrowed emission in the 7900 to 9000 Å region…
This paper develops a molecular description of the continuous spectrum of Rayleigh scattering in organic liquids far from the melting point, treating the near background and the far wing within a single framework. The model represents liquid molecules as undergoing quasi-elastic rotational oscillati…
This paper reports an experimental study of optical breakdown in air produced by a neodymium laser operating in the mode-locking regime, where a train of ultrashort pulses replaces the single giant pulse used in earlier work. By varying the resonator length and pulse spacing, the authors observed th…
This paper develops a theory of light and X-ray scattering for semirigid linear macromolecules represented by a freely jointed statistical zigzag, in which kinks occur randomly along the chain and rigid segment lengths follow a statistical distribution. Using the probability distribution of segment …
This paper develops a model for migration polarization in ceramic dielectrics caused by the displacement of impurity ions along dislocations under an electric field. Treating mobile ions on dislocations with Boltzmann distributions, diffusion equations, and relaxation-mode expansions, it derives exp…
This paper reexamines the variational derivation of gravitational field equations from the scalar curvature action, focusing on the nondefiniteness or coordinate dependence of the second variation in standard treatments. It proposes imposing an invariant nonintegrable relation on metric variations a…
This paper examines how a radial electric field affects ion confinement and anisotropy driven instability in a rotating plasma held in a magnetic mirror trap. Using adiabatic invariants together with conservation of energy and angular momentum, the authors derive the velocity space boundary for conf…
This paper studies boundary-value problems for electromagnetic wave propagation in a half-bounded magnetoactive plasma, where spatial dispersion makes the material relation between current and electric field integral rather than local. Using Maxwell’s equations coupled with the linearized Vlasov exp…
This paper investigates thin-film indium arsenide Hall sensors as magnetic-field meters for superconducting solenoids at liquid-helium temperatures. Sensors fabricated by separate evaporation of indium and arsenic onto corundum substrates were tested at 4.2 and 2 K in constant magnetic fields up to …
The paper develops a variational formulation for quantum kinetic theory using Wigner distribution functions interpreted as densities of a phase fluid. Starting from a continuity equation in many-particle phase space, it constructs an action-like functional whose admissible variations yield equations…
This paper analyzes radiation losses that determine the quality factor of trapped oscillations in a dielectric resonator when geometrical optics predicts no attenuation. The problem is reduced to diffraction of a plane wave at the edge of a rectangular dielectric wedge under total internal reflectio…
The paper extends Racah’s seniority concept to systems of electrons in a strong cubic crystal field using quasispin formalism. It defines quasispin operators for a cubic-field shell, relates seniority to electrons not paired in totally symmetric spin-singlet states, and derives connections between w…
This paper experimentally examines how placing a Raman-scattering sample in a Fabry-Perot resonator affects observed spectral intensities, motivated by theoretical predictions of substantial brightness enhancement. Using a modified spectrometer and interferometer mirrors, the authors find that altho…
Braginskii analyzes the physical limits on detecting rare stable particles with fractional electric charge in matter, focusing on Millikan-type experiments in which small forces on charged bodies must be distinguished from Brownian and instrumental noise. The paper estimates detection bounds for par…
This paper formulates a statistical description of turbulent motion in a viscous incompressible fluid starting from the Navier-Stokes equations. After eliminating pressure, it argues that the harmonic part of the pressure is nonrandom under regularity and decay assumptions, and derives a hierarchy o…
This paper examines the angular and energy regularities of secondary ions scattered from the heated (110) surface of a molybdenum single crystal under alkali ion bombardment. Using an electrostatic energy analyzer, the authors measure energy spectra for varying primary ion energies and incidence or …
This paper reports an experimental study of triple backscattering of beta electrons from elemental targets, motivated by the potential use of higher order backscattering to improve sensitivity in composition analysis. An apparatus using thallium-204 sources, parallel scatterer plates, shielding, abs…
The paper develops a quasi-isotropic geometrical-optics approximation for electromagnetic wave propagation in weakly anisotropic inhomogeneous media, where the usual representation as independent normal waves is not applicable. Treating the anisotropic part of the dielectric tensor as a small pertur…
The paper investigates coherent, collective interaction of nuclei with resonant gamma radiation in regular crystals, where dynamical diffraction theory predicts changes in resonance behavior and possible suppression of inelastic nuclear reaction channels. Using a two-crystal gamma-ray spectrometer c…
The paper reexamines the resolving power of diffraction gratings and telescope objectives with emphasis on how fine diffraction structure from a bright source limits the detection of nearby weak signals. Using standard diffraction formulas for a plane grating and a circular aperture, it analyzes the…
This paper analyzes the low-frequency drift-dissipative instability of trapped particles in a dense plasma confined in a toroidal magnetic field. Using the drift kinetic equation with a Landau collision term, the authors derive averaged equations for trapped ions and electrons in the regime of frequ…
This paper studies superselection rules in the Hilbert space formulation of quantum theory, focusing on whether such rules must commute and on their relation to complete sets of observables. It argues by decomposing the Hilbert space into the closure of the linear span of physically realizable state…
This paper reports experimental evidence for two distinct groups of Barkhausen jumps in annealed silicon iron wire specimens. Using an apparatus equipped with a pulse integrator, the authors observed anomalously long jumps with durations and magnetic moment changes more than two orders of magnitude …
The paper develops a method for treating the Schrödinger equation for many-particle systems, illustrated in detail for three particles with pairwise central interactions. It transforms the equation to relative coordinates and derives a symmetric form together with the necessary constraint conditions…
This paper examines the rotation of the plane of polarization of light during propagation in spatially inhomogeneous, nonabsorbing isotropic media. Starting from Maxwell’s equations and representing the electromagnetic field with respect to the ray’s natural trihedron, the authors show that the refi…
This paper reports the development and preliminary characterization of optical quantum generators using combined active media composed of simple neodymium activated crystals together with mixed crystals or glass containing multiple optical centers. The author analyzes the threshold condition for gen…
This paper analyzes the vacuum contribution to the magnetic moment of an electron moving in a constant homogeneous magnetic field, extending earlier nonrelativistic and weak field treatments. Using the Dirac equation with first order radiative corrections and exact electron wave functions in a magne…
This paper proposes two magnetic-system modifications for charged-particle analyzers intended to improve focusing, luminosity, or resolution. The first is a two-section wide-range spectrograph in which a step change in homogeneous magnetic field strength provides edge vertical focusing, while a symm…
The paper proposes a common mass variable, defined as the squared resonance mass minus the squared masses of its two principal decay products, for comparing low energy scattering processes and classifying resonance states. Using tabulated meson meson and meson baryon resonances from contemporary exp…
The paper examines whether bremsstrahlung emission from a dense, low-temperature gas-discharge plasma can serve as an efficient pumping source for an optical quantum generator. It argues that the strong photon-energy dependence of bremsstrahlung absorption can produce high intensity in the 1 to 3 eV…
The paper analyzes deviations from the electrophotographic reciprocity law that arise when carrier trapping makes the effective drift mobility depend on illumination intensity and exposure time. Using a two-level trapping model for high-resistance electronic semiconductors, the authors derive kineti…
This paper investigates the energy distributions of 30 keV helium ions scattered from polycrystalline solid surfaces, focusing on how the spectra vary with target atomic mass and scattering angle. Experiments on copper, silver, gold, aluminum, and graphite show broad dome-shaped distributions, with …
This study reports the observation of nuclear magnetic resonance in thin ferromagnetic cobalt films containing Co59 nuclei, using a high sensitivity superregenerative detector at 213.2 MHz and room temperature. Cobalt films were prepared by vacuum evaporation on flat and cylindrical glass substrates…
This paper investigates charging of alpha-active aerosol particles by secondary electron emission, a mechanism expected to become important for highly active radioactive particles in addition to ordinary ion capture. Monodisperse dibutyl phthalate aerosol particles were activated with radon-222 deca…
This paper examines the drift mobility of ions moving in their own gas under a constant electric field, where ion braking is governed primarily by resonant charge exchange with atoms. A variational method is developed for the ion velocity distribution function, using exact moment relations from the …
A quantum treatment is developed for the dielectric permittivity of a molecular crystal responding to an external long-wavelength electromagnetic field, under the assumption that molecular interactions occur through the electromagnetic field. Using retarded Green functions for dipole-allowed electro…
This paper examines steady axially symmetric self-compressing plasma flows in a magnetoplasma compressor, with particular attention to the effect of finite electrical conductivity. The authors solve the dimensionless magnetohydrodynamic equations numerically by a relaxation method for an inviscid pl…
The paper analyzes spectral lines whose profiles are represented by a convolution of Gaussian and Lorentzian distributions, with particular attention to how the component widths combine in experimentally relevant line shapes. Using the Fourier transform of the profile as a correlation function and c…
The paper derives a hydromagnetic stability condition for an arbitrary equilibrium plasma configuration in the immediate neighborhood of the magnetic axis. Starting from a general stability criterion, it expands the magnetic field, scalar potential, magnetic surfaces, and coordinate transformations …
This paper examines whether the component-field construction of infinite multiplets can be reformulated in terms of a single large field, using self-conjugate representations of the symmetry group SL(2,C). The authors construct expansions in momentum-dependent spinor bases, derive commutation relati…
This paper analyzes 148 three-prong inelastic interactions of 19.8 GeV/c protons with quasi-free neutrons in Ilford G-5 nuclear emulsions, focusing on secondary proton angular and momentum characteristics in the nucleon center-of-mass system. The proton angular distribution is strongly collimated al…
This paper examines current oscillations in homogeneous CdS crystals under conditions where their conductivity is below the critical value normally required for spontaneous current pulsations. Using a CdS sample in the current saturation regime, the authors introduced a high intensity 25 MHz ultraso…
This paper develops a theoretical explanation of the Urbach rule for the long-wavelength edge of light absorption bands associated with localized excitations in crystals. Starting from the adiabatic theory of absorption with lattice vibrations, it includes changes in normal-mode frequencies upon ele…
This paper examines whether arbitrary, mutually independent mass distributions are permissible for two associatively produced unstable particles under energy and momentum conservation from stable initial to stable final states. Using the kinematic relation between the two resonance masses, it formul…
Diffuse X-ray scattering by a nickel single crystal was measured over a temperature range including the ferromagnetic Curie point to examine lattice-deformation effects associated with magnetization fluctuations and magnetostriction. Intensities were recorded near reciprocal-lattice node 220 along t…
This paper examines diffusion and excitation transfer in collisions between metastable and normal helium-3 atoms, focusing on the role of long-range interaction potentials whose theoretical forms were uncertain. Empirical symmetric and antisymmetric potential-energy curves were constructed to fit av…
This paper addresses the problem of deriving the observed relations among normalized Sachs electromagnetic form factors of nucleons within a relativistic quark model. It develops the model of quasi-independent quarks, treating baryons as strongly bound three-quark states with effective residual quar…
This paper studies stationary quantum scattering of a plane wave in Euclidean space of dimension at least three by a nonnegative potential that may be infinite on a set of positive measure, a case not covered by standard Lippmann-Schwinger methods for integrable potentials. The approach replaces the…
