SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper addresses the diagnosis of commutator sparking in DC machines, a reliability problem attributed to nonidentical commutation cycles and influenced by technological and mechanical deviations. It proposes a cybernetic, experimental statistical diagnostic approach using oscillograms of voltag…
This paper examines how scatter in manufacturing and material parameters affects the performance characteristics of asynchronous electric motors. It formulates a matrix relationship between deviations in input parameters, such as air gap, conductor dimensions, winding resistance, core stack length, …
This paper examines how mechanical disturbances of direct-current machine commutators affect commutation, with emphasis on behavior at elevated rotational speeds. The authors describe a semiconductor capacitive profilometer using a high-frequency bridge circuit, capable of resolving commutator surfa…
A profilometer for measuring small displacements of commutator surfaces is described as an alternative to earlier amplitude-based eddy-current and capacitive instruments, whose accuracy is limited by amplitude instability and sensor linearization errors. The device uses a beat-frequency measuring ci…
This paper analyzes commutation in the control winding of a variable-frequency brushless electric-machine amplifier using a thyristor commutator. The authors describe the physical switching process, formulate equivalent circuits for two commutation stages, and derive analytical expressions for windi…
A brushless alternating-current electric-machine amplifier is examined as a semiconductor-enabled alternative to collector-based designs. The paper describes a circuit using a compensating winding displaced by 90 electrical degrees to offset the transverse component of armature reaction, derives exp…
This paper examines the magnetomotive force of commutation armature reaction in low-power Series II DC machines whose rotational speed is regulated by weakening the main field. It argues that existing analytical methods can give large errors because they inadequately account for brush contact behavi…
This paper addresses the calculation of commutation and commutation stability in direct current machines, criticizing earlier computer and analog methods for relying on averaged or static brush contact characteristics that inadequately represent anode and cathode behavior. The authors propose a refi…
This paper investigates the natural current-voltage characteristics of the sliding contact between a carbon brush and a commutator in a direct-current machine. Using oscillographic measurements of commutation currents and contact voltage drops on a prepared two-pole motor, the authors construct part…
This paper evaluates a smooth-armature cross-field electric-machine amplifier, EMUG-12P, developed to address brush wear, sparking, voltage instability, and radio interference associated with commutator amplifiers. Using reliability data for conventional units and a technical and economic comparison…
This article evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of developing the BEMA-12A brushless electromechanical amplifier as an alternative to the serial EMA-12A commutator amplifier. Using comparative technical indicators, manufacturing cost estimates, labor and material calculations, operatin…
This paper examines phase compounding circuits for a contactless electromagnetic amplifier with increased-frequency alternating-current output, treated in steady state as analogous to a nonsalient-pole synchronous generator. It argues that parallel compounding with capacitors, especially using a thr…
This paper examines the use of hot-curing epoxy compounds for encapsulating windings of low-voltage electrical machines intended for marine and tropical service. It proposes a simplified insulation design using a single layer of perforated electrical cardboard as slot insulation, impregnated and pot…
This paper examines how heat-transfer intensity is distributed over the air-cooled housing surface of a small induction motor, where conventional local heat-transfer sensors are difficult to apply because of size and surface curvature. It proposes the use of a full-scale wooden thermal and ventilati…
This paper examines asymmetric heating in the frames of enclosed electric machines with one-sided external ventilation, where air velocity and heat-transfer intensity decline along the stator ribs from the fan side. The authors model the frame as an axially conducting rod with distributed heat input…
This paper examines the temperature rise of stator windings in A02 series induction motors under emergency conditions, specifically locked rotor operation with three-phase and two-phase short circuits. Using continuous oscillographic measurement of winding resistance, the authors experimentally dete…
This paper develops a probabilistic mathematical model for estimating how protection systems and emergency short-circuit modes affect the operational reliability of induction motors. It represents emergency events as a Poisson flow, initial insulation resources as normally distributed, and protectio…
This paper addresses the optimization of ferroresonant voltage stabilizers, whose practical advantages are offset by high weight per unit power and by the difficulty of modeling nonlinear harmonic effects analytically. The authors formulate the selection of capacitor capacitance and linear choke rea…
This paper develops a probabilistic model for estimating the reliability of turn insulation in random-wound windings of electrical machines during the running-in period. The model treats insulation gaps between adjacent conductors as elementary reliability elements, combines statistical distribution…
This study examines the actual load conditions of electric motors installed on widely used 1K62 universal metal-cutting machines, with attention to data needed for insulation reliability, protection selection, efficiency, and power-factor calculations. Load records from A61-4 motors were obtained wi…
This paper develops a probabilistic model for the breakdown voltage distribution of turn-to-turn insulation in electrical machine windings, motivated by the difficulty of estimating rare weak points from small test samples by formal curve fitting. It relates enamel layer formation to normal thicknes…
This paper reviews methodological issues that arose with the use of electronic digital computers for optimal design of electrical machines, especially series-produced induction motors. It argues that existing approaches, despite rapid development from grid search to dynamic programming elements and …
This paper addresses selective ground fault protection in electrical networks with a compensated neutral, where natural zero sequence current components are often too small or ambiguous for reliable detection. It examines the use of an artificially imposed 25 Hz control current introduced through th…
This paper addresses the determination of the limiting power of large power transformers under constraints imposed by winding heat removal, short-circuit voltage, electrodynamic stability, transport dimensions, and transport weight. Instead of minimizing transformer weight, it formulates the problem…
This paper analyzes the limiting apparent power of compensating air-gap reactors whose core is formed by an armored yoke with the air gap equal to the core-window height. It derives design relations and heat-balance equations for two winding arrangements, multilayer windings and continuous coil, dis…
This paper examines how to choose the excitation and de-excitation forcing coefficient of a shock generator so as to minimize no-load energy losses per stator-current pulse. Using previously derived expressions for steel losses and rotor copper losses over an operating cycle, the authors formulate a…
This paper examines a circuit for accelerating energy accumulation in an inductive load by jointly operating two single-phase surge generators whose electromotive forces are shifted by 180 electrical degrees. The authors describe the switching sequence and formulate differential equations for the ge…
This paper examines self-oscillation in a synchronous reluctance motor operating from a constant-voltage supply, focusing on how stator active resistance, inertia, and load affect rotor oscillation amplitude, frequency, and stability limits. Using Park-Gorev equations implemented on an EMU-10 analog…
This paper examines how key electrical and mechanical parameters of a synchronous reluctance motor affect its ability to pull into synchronism under constant line voltage. Using the complete Park-Gorev equations and analog-computer calculations in phase coordinates, the authors evaluate the limiting…
This paper develops an analytical calculation of the air gap magnetic field in simple salient pole synchronous reluctance motors, addressing limitations of earlier approximate and modeling based methods that mainly yielded only fundamental field form factors. The method divides the air gap into rect…
This paper examines how machine parameters affect the starting characteristics of synchronous reluctance motors, focusing on average torque, stator current, and pulsating torque as functions of slip. Using calculations performed by an exact method and compared with an approximate axis-separated meth…
This paper addresses the calculation of starting characteristics for synchronous reluctance motors in asynchronous operation, where commonly used methods based on separate longitudinal and transverse axis equivalent circuits can give significant errors for real machines with appreciable stator resis…
This commemorative article reviews the first fifteen years of the Faculty of Electromechanics at Tomsk Polytechnic Institute, tracing its organizational development, changes in departmental structure, and expansion of engineering specialties from 1951 to 1966. It summarizes the faculty’s educational…
The paper refines Kolmogorov’s superposition theorem for continuous functions of several variables by improving the regularity required of the fixed inner functions. It proves, with the two-variable case presented in detail, that every continuous function on the unit cube can be represented as a fin…
The paper studies unsteady flexural oscillations of an unbounded free three-layer strip under assumptions that reduce the plate model to a single equation for a displacement function. For the special case in which the relative flexural stiffness parameter equals one, the governing equation is transf…
This paper addresses the need for a faster but reliable method for determining moisture in solid fossil fuels, where standard drying methods are accurate but time consuming and many accelerated methods are less accurate or require complex equipment. The authors evaluate the commercially available SE…
This study examines chlorination of carbazole and selected derivatives with sulfuryl chloride, focusing on conditions for deeper chlorination and on the effects of electron-withdrawing substituents. Experiments show that carbazole can be converted to tetrachlorocarbazole using four equivalents of su…
This study refines a polarographic procedure for determining trace zinc, lead, and copper in high-purity indium after removal of excess indium by extraction with diethyl ether. The authors compare supporting electrolytes and extraction conditions, replacing alkaline ethylenediamine with more practic…
This study examines an amalgam polarographic method for determining trace antimony in tin after separation by extraction with diisopropyl ether from hydrochloric acid solution. The authors evaluate reduction of pentavalent antimony to the trivalent state with hydrazine hydrochloride, extraction beha…
This study examines how operating conditions affect the selectivity of organic compound synthesis from carbon monoxide and water vapor over a stationary iron, copper catalyst at atmospheric pressure. Using chromatographic analysis, the authors evaluated the influence of temperature, contact time, ca…
A procedure is developed for determining trace lead, zinc, cadmium, and copper impurities in special-purity nitric acid at levels of about 10^-7 to 10^-8 percent. The method uses anodic polarographic analysis after evaporation of a 5 ml acid sample, dissolution of the residue in 0.1 N tartaric acid,…
This paper examines the use of amalgam polarography with accumulation to determine the hydroxide complexes of zinc directly involved in electrode processes. The authors compare the dependence of anodic and cathodic peak or half-wave potentials on hydroxide ion concentration at stationary mercury fil…
This paper examines how accuracy and detection limits in amalgam polarography with accumulation depend on errors arising at sample preparation, accumulation, anodic oxidation, and peak recording stages. Using existing expressions for the minimum determinable impurity content, it analyzes random and …
This paper describes the development and testing of a tubular electrodialyzer with ion exchange membranes for extracting sodium and potassium ions from dilute solutions simulating wastewater. The authors first measured the electrical conductivity of several membrane materials and selected the MK-40 …
This paper develops polarographic procedures for determining trace copper in L-34 phosphor and high-purity perchloric acid. For L-34 phosphor, direct determination is hindered by antimony, which is reduced with copper and passivates the mercury electrode, so copper is separated by extraction with ac…
This paper examines the petrochemical composition of the Lebed pluton in Gorny Altai, a batholithic body within the Kondoma Lebed mobile zone that includes rocks ranging from ultrabasic gabbroids and pyroxenites to granitoids, tonalites, and sparse dike rocks. Using 37 complete silicate analyses and…
This paper examines whether gold can migrate in natural aqueous media as a thiosulfate complex in the oxidation zones of gold sulfide deposits. It reviews experimental evidence on gold dissolution by thiosulfate, observations of incompletely oxidized sulfur species during sulfide oxidation, and calc…
This article examines the volcanic rocks exposed near Bograd Bridge, southwest of the Yuliya mine in the Batenev Ridge, whose stratigraphic position had previously been interpreted inconsistently. On the basis of field relationships, structural analysis, petrographic and petrochemical comparison wit…
This paper addresses the problem of reliably identifying the moment a drill bit enters a coal seam during exploration drilling, a condition needed for complete core recovery across the seam. It proposes an electric indicator that combines two measurable surface parameters, increased mechanical drill…
The paper examines how to mathematically describe the trajectories of naturally curved exploratory boreholes, arguing that deterministic analytical formulas cannot adequately account for the many regular and distorting factors that influence borehole curvature. It reviews earlier analytical and stat…
