SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper refines an approximate equation for completely irreversible polarographic waves by comparing it with the more exact formulations of Meiman and Koutecký. The authors analyze the dimensionless parameters and exchange-current densities in the approximate and exact treatments, introduce a sem…
This study examines how the cathodic peak constant for cadmium at a hanging mercury drop electrode depends on the rate of linear potential change, with comparison to theoretical predictions for reversible processes under spherical semi-infinite diffusion. Experiments were performed in potassium chlo…
This paper examines the conditions under which a stationary mercury drop electrode can be reused in amalgam polarography after anodic dissolution of a previously accumulated metal. Using the diffusion-controlled descending branch of the anodic response, the authors derive an approximate expression f…
This paper examines how the potential scan rate affects the depth and shape of reversible anodic stripping peaks at a stationary mercury drop electrode. Using a theoretical treatment based on spherical diffusion and the finite volume of the mercury drop, it argues that anodic peak height should depe…
The paper reexamines how the radius of a hanging mercury drop affects the anodic peak current in amalgam polarography with accumulation, correcting earlier treatments that assumed the anodic-current constant to be independent of drop size. Using a theoretical interpolation formula for the radius dep…
This paper experimentally examines how the anodic peak constant in anodic stripping from a mercury drop depends on drop radius and potential scan rate. Using reversible anodic notches for thallium and cadmium, the authors varied mercury drop radii and scan rates, calculated peak constants from notch…
This paper develops a theoretical description of reversible anodic peaks at a stationary mercury drop electrode under a linearly varying potential. Starting from a general voltammetric current equation derived by operational calculus, it obtains an explicit peak-current expression involving electrod…
This paper examines the calculation of the anodic peak constant for reversible processes at limited-volume mercury electrodes, focusing on the validity of an approximate boundary condition commonly used for spherical and planar electrodes. The authors solve a diffusion boundary-value problem for a p…
This study examines the structure, heat treatment, and selected properties of die steels 4Kh8V2 and 3Kh2V8F in the as-cast state, with comparison to forged steels. Cast specimens were melted, annealed, quenched, tempered, and evaluated by microhardness, hardness after tempering, mechanical testing, …
This study examines the effect of high-temperature thermomechanical treatment on the mechanical, magnetic, and electrical properties of industrially melted 9KhS tool steel. Specimens were forged at 1100 to 900°C with deformation levels from 30 to 75 percent, quenched, tempered, requenched, and teste…
This study examines cast tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt high speed steels as potential tool materials, focusing on whether tungsten can be partially replaced by molybdenum while retaining hardness and red hardness. Experimental heats with 1 to 7 percent tungsten, 5 to 8 percent molybdenum, and either …
This study examines how vacuum remelting and centrifugal casting affect the abrasive wear resistance of R18 high-speed steel for cutting tools. Small heats were melted under different pressures, poured into stationary or rotating chill molds, tempered, and tested for wear over a hardness range of 60…
This study examines how small boron additions affect the structure, grindability, and magnetic properties of the brittle permanent magnet alloy YuNDK35T5. Experimental heats containing 0.003 to 0.8% boron were melted, metallographically and X ray examined, hardness tested, ground under controlled co…
A procedure is developed for determining the stress state in the plastic cutting zone during continuous chip formation, where earlier hardness-based methods were insufficient for the main deformation zone. The method derives particle velocity and strain-rate fields from the distortion of a square gr…
This paper examines the problem of removing heat and moisture from compressed air in compressor installations, where inadequate cooling can impair pneumatic equipment and increase pipeline losses. It describes an experimental organic-glass model of a terminal cooler based on direct contact between c…
This paper studies the static characteristics of velocity flowmeters using propeller-type vane transducers, focusing on linearity, sensitivity, lower measuring limit, and stability. Using a theoretical characteristic derived from hydrodynamic cascade theory together with experimental tests, the auth…
This paper develops an approximate calculation method for high-speed liquid flowmeters using propeller-type vane transducers. Starting from a static characteristic that relates flow velocity, rotational speed, geometry, liquid properties, and bearing friction, the authors use similarity arguments to…
This paper addresses the design of a crank-slider grab mechanism for intermittent film transport in a motion-picture camera, where the grab tooth trajectory must engage, transport, and disengage from perforations without excessive film damage or deviation from the film channel. It develops analytica…
This paper proposes an information-theoretic block diagram for the general analysis of radiation nondestructive testing systems, especially radiation flaw detectors. It treats the inspected material as the information source, penetrating radiation as the carrier, radiographic transmission as signal …
This study examines the continuous separation of lithium and sodium cations by two-dimensional electrochromatography in a slit-type column, combining solution flow through the column with a perpendicular constant electric field. Experiments used either KU-2 cation-exchange resin in the H-form or qua…
The paper addresses sources of poor reproducibility in activation analysis caused by spatial and temporal variations in particle flux and by instability in gamma spectrometric measurement. It argues that mechanical averaging, especially rotation of samples in a symmetric irradiation geometry, can st…
This paper examines how nuclear internal structure affects deformation potentials and fission barriers in heavy nuclei. Using refined single-particle energy spectra calculated in a deformed oscillator model, the authors sum occupied nucleon levels to estimate the internal energy as a function of def…
The paper addresses how to choose the frequency response of a neutron flux fluctuation measurement channel for extracting physical information about the IRT-2000 reactor when detector efficiency is limited. It models reactor neutron noise as white noise transformed by the linear equations of reactor…
This paper examines the acoustic radiation produced by a high-frequency torch discharge in air when the feeding field is amplitude-modulated. It proposes a mainly thermal mechanism for sound generation under conditions where the torch plasma remains near equilibrium, and relates the acoustic pressur…
This paper investigates pulsed prebreakdown currents in pressed lead azide tablets, addressing phenomena preceding electrical breakdown in a primary explosive. Single rectangular voltage pulses up to 2.5 kV were applied to samples of varying thickness and pressing pressure, with capacitive currents …
This study examines material transfer between electrodes during pulsed high vacuum breakdown, focusing on stages between prebreakdown and complete breakdown that had not previously been observed at a fixed voltage in a single gap. Using nanosecond rectangular high voltage pulses, a chopping spark ga…
This paper describes an ultrahigh-vacuum apparatus designed to study electrical breakdown in small vacuum gaps under nanosecond high-voltage pulses, a regime considered important because initiating processes may occur within 1 to 10 nsec. The setup uses oil-free pumping, zeolite and titanium ion-sor…
This paper reports a statistical experimental study of delay and switching times in electrical breakdown of short gas gaps in the nanosecond range, motivated by the requirements of high voltage nanosecond pulse generators. Using oscilloscope recording of large numbers of breakdown events, the author…
This paper examines the rotational structure of AlO emission in an aluminum flame burning in oxygen in order to clarify the excitation mechanism of the aluminum oxidation spectrum. Intensities of selected rotational lines in the 0,0 and 1,0 bands were measured with an ISP-67 spectrograph and analyze…
Barium sulfide single crystals were prepared despite the instability and high melting point of BaS by decomposing barium hyposulfite in evacuated sealed ampoules with iodine, followed by prolonged room-temperature growth. X-ray diffraction confirmed cubic single-crystal BaS, and ultraviolet excitati…
This study examines BaS-based electroluminescent phosphors activated with copper, manganese, or bismuth, focusing on the relation between phase composition and emission under alternating electric-field excitation. Samples prepared from barium hyposulfite were analyzed by Debye-Scherrer X-ray diffrac…
This paper examines prebreakdown luminescence in thin alkali halide crystal layers as a possible manifestation of electroluminescence associated with electron avalanche processes. Using counter-drilled single crystal layers of copper-doped KI, KBr, and KCl under alternating electric fields, the stud…
This study examines the origin and behavior of the candoluminescence of natural lime and calcium oxide phosphors in hydrogen-containing flames. Spectral measurements, activation of CaO with impurities found in natural lime, cathodoluminescence comparisons, and experiments in atmospheres with and wit…
The study examines how irradiation temperature affects the accumulation of F-centers in KCl single crystals exposed to protons, addressing mechanisms of radiation defect formation in ionic crystals. Using controlled cryogenic irradiation between 80 and 300 K and optical measurements over a broad ran…
A method is described for obtaining kinetic curves of color center accumulation in microlayers of alkali halide single crystals under X-ray irradiation, addressing errors caused by the nonuniform depth distribution of coloration. The apparatus measures optical absorption perpendicular to the irradia…
The paper investigates the thermal stability and annealing behavior of radiation defects in sodium chloride crystals heavily irradiated with 4.5 MeV protons. Using isothermal and nonisothermal annealing, stored energy measurements, microhardness tests, and optical absorption spectra, it relates ener…
This study investigates how gamma irradiation affects the microwave dielectric properties of barium titanate based ceramics intended for use in radiation environments. A resonant measurement apparatus using a modified decay decrement method was developed to determine permittivity and loss tangent re…
This paper describes the design and testing of a vacuum detector for measuring the depth distribution of fast electrons stopped in matter, a quantity relevant to estimating low-energy electron spectra and radiation damage. The method uses a movable collecting electrode and backscatterer arrangement,…
This paper analyzes the factors determining the energy spread and stability of an extracted electron beam from a betatron. It combines theoretical considerations of injection conditions, betatron oscillations, finite extraction time, deflector effects, and supply-voltage instability with measurement…
This paper applies the frequency contrast characteristic method to the calculation of a radiation introscope composed of a radiation source, converter, optical and electro-optical stages, television transmission path, and display. Treating the system elements as approximately linear under low-illumi…
This paper examines how operating parameters of a high-current betatron with external injection affect the intensity of emitted gamma radiation. Because the betatron’s static characteristics are substantially nonlinear, the authors estimate parameter influence using correlation ratios derived from m…
This paper presents a circuit approach for stabilizing betatron radiation intensity and energy under fluctuations of the power supply network. The method uses automatic pulse-to-pulse adjustment of the injection and displacement phases, implemented with amplitude-time converter stages and derived fr…
The paper develops an approximate method for solving nonlinear transient heat conduction problems in solids whose thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and density depend on temperature. By introducing one thermophysical parameter as the independent variable and approximating the temperature dependen…
This paper examines how spatially distributed thermal parameters affect temperature control in heat exchangers compared with conventional lumped mathematical models. Using a distributed heat exchanger equation, Laplace transform transfer functions, frequency response analysis, and step response expr…
This paper examines voltage stabilization in pulse-current generators with capacitive energy storage, focusing on a closed-loop automatic charging-current control system using a controlled thyratron, or ionic, three-phase bridge rectifier. The authors formulate equations for the rectifier, load, fee…
This paper analyzes how displacement of the commutating brushes from the geometric neutral affects the load current and voltage of an electrostatic generator with conductor transporters and a semiconducting stator. Using an equivalent circuit, superposition, and electrostatic analogy, it derives exp…
This paper addresses the need for simple engineering relationships for electrostatic generators with cascade-connected conductor carriers, focusing on partial capacitances that strongly affect generator characteristics. It argues for the use of electrostatic analogy and electrolytic-tank modeling to…
This paper reports the design and testing of a single-disk rod-type electrostatic generator intended to evaluate the current capabilities of disk ESGs with many conductor carriers embedded in a dielectric rotor. The experimental generator, operated in hydrogen at different pressures, used gas-discha…
This paper analyzes the static instrumental errors of an analog multiplying and dividing device constructed by artificial identification of two controlled channels. The proposed arrangement applies auxiliary high-frequency voltages to both channels and uses two servo systems, one to set the first ch…
