SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper presents auxiliary numerical tables intended to simplify computations in solving the fundamental geodetic problems on the terrestrial spheroid by B. F. Krutoy’s method, including direct resection. The tables use the argument defined by the sine of the azimuth of the rectified curve at its…
This paper presents nomographic procedures for computing the correction for the deviation of a geodesic line from a straight normal section, based on Krasovskii’s formula for distances up to about 1000 km. The formula is decomposed into four component corrections, each expressed through the variable…
This paper presents a simplified method for solving the direct ray intersection problem on the terrestrial spheroid when the distances from two known points to the target do not exceed about 1000 to 1500 km. The method starts from an approximate target latitude, computes corresponding longitude diff…
This paper develops computational expansions for the distance and longitude difference between two points on the terrestrial spheroid, starting from closed integral expressions involving azimuth as the integration variable. It argues that direct evaluation through Legendre elliptic integrals or stan…
This paper formulates the direct ray intersection problem on a sphere: determining the coordinates of an unknown point from the known coordinates of two initial points and the azimuths of rays drawn from them. It presents two spherical trigonometric solution procedures, one computing the unknown lat…
The paper derives recurrence transformations that express selected hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric power series in forms suitable for expansion as continued fractions. It treats the Gauss series with parameters involving an integer n, the Kummer series in analogous integer-parameter case…
This paper develops an approximate heat conduction treatment for fast-moving heat sources relevant to metal cutting. It reduces the quasi-stationary temperature field of a half-plane to a semi-infinite rod model, derives a criterion under which lateral heat redistribution may be neglected, and defin…
This paper derives an analytical procedure for calculating the wedge setting angle required to change the azimuth of a deviated borehole, avoiding the common simplifying assumption that the wedge azimuthal rotation equals a related projected angle. Using a Cartesian geometric model, the authors expr…
This paper derives a computational scheme for constructing wellbore profiles whose curvature is constant within individual depth intervals but may vary from interval to interval. Beginning with the circular trajectory for a well of constant curvature, it obtains formulas for horizontal displacement,…
The paper presents a computational scheme for estimating natural flexural vibration frequencies of beams that have entered an elastic-plastic state under impulsive loading, such as an explosion-like uniformly distributed load. It models the boundaries of plastic zones in a simply supported or hinged…
The paper addresses automated calculation of network schedules for managing the development of complex systems, focusing on critical path analysis on two-address digital computers with limited random-access memory. It proposes an algorithm that first orders job data by the event at which each job be…
This paper derives a system of Padé rational approximations for the power functions \((1+x)^a\) and \(x^a\). It gives explicit numerator and denominator polynomials in Pochhammer notation for approximants indexed by \(n\) and \(\kappa\), then proves that their series expansion agrees with the binomi…
The paper develops generalized notions of well-posedness for equations defined by mappings between topological spaces, focusing on cases where the usual requirements of solvability, uniqueness, and continuous dependence fail. It introduces partial continuity for set-valued translations and defines g…
This paper develops approximations to Kummer’s asymptotic series by representing it as a finite product of binomials, intended for computation when the argument has large modulus. Using continued fraction expansions for ratios of related Kummer series, the author derives polynomial recurrences whose…
This paper derives necessary conditions for a planar point system to be minimally, or least, convex, using orientation functions and pair indices that count points on either side of directed pairs. By adjoining or replacing points and comparing the resulting numbers of convex quadruples, it obtains …
This paper studies the enumeration of convex and nonconvex quadruples in a finite planar point system using orientation signs of triples of points. It proves a sign criterion distinguishing convex from nonconvex four point subsets, then derives an identity for the change in the number of convex quad…
This paper investigates hydrazine sulfate as an alternative reducing agent to hypophosphites for electroless nickel and cobalt deposition on iron and copper. Experiments varied temperature, pH, and reagent ratios in sulfate solutions adjusted with ammonia, identifying conditions under which coatings…
This study examines chemical nickel and cobalt deposition on iron and copper using single-component aqueous solutions of the corresponding hypophosphites, proposed as a simpler alternative to conventional multicomponent electroless plating baths. Experiments on prepared iron and copper specimens ass…
This study examines the formation kinetics and structural mechanical properties of ultrathin beryllium hydroxide films at the sol air interface. Beryllium hydroxide sols were prepared by peptization, films were transferred to chromium plated plates for thickness estimation from interference colors, …
This study investigates the preparation of N,N′-methylbenzoylurea, a compound reported in pharmacological testing to have notable anticonvulsant activity and low toxicity. The authors developed a synthesis based on acylation of N-methylurea with benzoyl chloride and examined how reagent ratio, solve…
This study examines nitrogen isotope redistribution during the electrogas synthesis of nitric oxide in a high-frequency torch discharge in air. An atmospheric-pressure reactor supplied by a 25 MHz generator was used to produce nitric oxide, which was oxidized, trapped, converted to nitric acid, and …
This study investigates isotope effects in the synthesis of nitric oxide from nitrogen and oxygen in a low voltage alternating current arc discharge. The authors constructed an apparatus to generate nitric oxide, oxidize and trap the product as nitrogen dioxide, prepare nitrogen and oxygen samples f…
This study compares sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid condensation methods for preparing 5,5′-bis-8-hydroxyquinolylmethane, a compound relevant to polymeric and biologically active materials, in light of conflicting reported melting points. The authors vary reaction temperature and heating time, e…
This paper reports the synthesis of two unsaturated ether derivatives based on 5-chloromethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline hydrochloride: the allyl ether of 5-methylene-8-hydroxyquinoline and the 8-hydroxy-5-methylenequinolyl ester of methacrylic acid. The compounds were prepared by reaction of the chlorometh…
This paper addresses the preparation of 5-bromo-8-hydroxyquinoline for use in syntheses of polychelate polymers, noting limitations of a previously reported acetic acid method. The authors examine bromination of 8-hydroxyquinoline in sulfuric acid, varying reaction temperature and acid concentration…
This paper addresses the titrimetric determination of nitrate ions in alkaline electrolytes containing high concentrations of nitrite, a condition that interferes with established reduction methods. The authors examine reduction with trivalent titanium salts, identify an optimal weakly acidic range …
A photocolorimetric procedure is developed for determining trace phosphorus in high-purity tin through formation and extraction of phosphomolybdic heteropoly acid followed by reduction to phosphomolybdenum blue. The method decomposes tin samples with hydrochloric acid, bromine, and hydrobromic acid,…
A sensitive extraction photometric procedure is developed for determining trace boron in high purity tin, a problem for which the authors found no suitable prior method. The method removes tin after dissolution by repeated evaporation with hydrochloric acid, converts boron to tetrafluoroborate in su…
A luminescent procedure is described for determining trace boron in high-purity tin, addressing the lack of established methods for this matrix. The method uses the blue fluorescence of the boron benzoin complex in weakly alkaline alcoholic solution, with interfering tin and heavy-metal impurities r…
A visual extraction-colorimetric procedure is developed for determining trace phosphorus in high-purity tin, addressing the limited sensitivity and matrix interferences of conventional phosphomolybdenum blue methods. The method converts phosphorus to phosphomolybdenum blue, extracts and decomposes i…
This paper investigates purification of benzene from thiophene by selective oxidation, motivated by the need for low-sulfur benzene for organic synthesis. The authors test hypochlorous acid, prepared as chlorine water, and examine the effects of benzene to oxidant ratio, active chlorine concentratio…
This study examines the removal of thiophene sulfur from benzene by condensation with formaldehyde, with emphasis on catalyst choice and reagent ratios. Experiments with artificial benzene, thiophene mixtures and commercial KMK benzene grades compared several potential catalysts and then varied form…
This study examines the removal of phenols from tar wastewater produced during thermal processing of Itat brown coal, using the original brown coal and coke prepared from it as inexpensive sorbents. Laboratory experiments varied sorbent particle size, sorbent-to-water ratio, contact time, repeated t…
This paper addresses the production of transportable peat-mineral granular fertilizers, a problem left unresolved by earlier methods based on drying, grinding, and remoistening peat. Using lowland peat from the Tagan deposit and mineral components including ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, and pota…
This study examines the feasibility of drying granulated ammonium sulfate in a fluidized bed as part of efforts to improve fertilizer production and obtain stable granules from crystalline material. Using a batch laboratory apparatus, the authors compared the behavior of crystalline, dry granulated,…
This study examines drying conditions for quartz, carbon granules used in silicon carbide production, where residual moisture can weaken granules, cause softening during furnace heating, and impair bed gas permeability. Laboratory experiments varied drying-agent temperature, flow direction and veloc…
The article addresses the need to determine the thermal stability of green pelletized materials under conditions resembling industrial heat treatment, particularly by identifying the temperature at which rapid drying causes cracking or destruction. It argues that existing approaches to measuring thi…
This paper addresses the difficulty of separating highly dispersed metatitanic acid precipitates formed during titanium hydrolysis in hydrochloric acid solutions, where ordinary filtration, centrifugation, and settling are ineffective. It proposes water-soluble humates, prepared from peat or brown c…
This study examines cold desulfurization of iron ore concentrates as an alternative to high temperature oxidative roasting, focusing on conversion of iron sulfides into water soluble sulfates. Experiments tested oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, ozonized air, chlorine water or gaseous chlorine, and …
This study addresses the granulation of fine Tashlino quartz sands for silicon carbide production, a problem arising from the scarcity of suitable coarse, high-purity quartz raw materials and the poor furnace performance of fine sands. Laboratory and semi-industrial pan granulation tests compared me…
The paper examines sulfur removal from blast furnace pellets made from Sokolov Sarbai concentrates during oxidizing roasting, with particular attention to fluxed mixtures containing finely ground dolomite, hydrated lime, limestone, and magnesite. It combines a theoretical discussion of sulfide oxida…
This paper examines the use of acid tar, a waste product from sulfuric acid purification of crude benzene at coke-chemical plants, as a frother in coal flotation. The authors characterize its composition and foaming behavior, prepare a neutralized diluted reagent using phenol-ammonia water, and test…
This study examines whether selective granulation of individual coal components can improve the compaction of coking charges and the quality of the resulting coke. Using production-ground coals from the Kemerovo Coke-Chemical Plant, the authors granulated either the full blend or selected components…
This study examines dry electromagnetic beneficiation as a means of reducing the ash content of Listvyansky anthracite intended for carbon electrode and block production. Raw and air excluded calcined anthracite, crushed to 3 to 0 and 1 to 0 mm fractions, was treated on a laboratory induction roll m…
This paper examines why coke absorbs moisture during wet quenching, a factor that can adversely affect blast furnace operation when moisture is high or uneven. Through experiments in which coke pieces at different initial temperatures were immersed in cold or heated water for controlled times, the s…
This study examines the reduction of a broadened series of 3-acetyl-9-alkylcarbazoles with aluminum isopropoxide and the influence of the reaction medium on product formation. Reductions in isopropyl alcohol gave isopropyl ethers of 3-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)-9-alkylcarbazoles, while analogous reactions…
This study examines the reduction behavior of 3-acetyl-6-chloro- and 3-acetyl-6-nitro-9-ethylcarbazoles with aluminum isopropoxide, motivated by earlier findings that related 3-acetyl-9-alkylcarbazoles form vinyl derivatives rather than carbinols under certain conditions. The authors prepared the ch…
The study examines the addition of vinyl butyl ether to carbazole, a reaction related to earlier conflicting reports on the behavior of simple vinyl ethers with amines. Using acid catalysis, the authors compare mercury salts and sulfuric acid, then evaluate the effects of temperature, catalyst amoun…
This study investigates a shorter route to 9-(beta-hydroxypropyl)carbazole, an intermediate of interest for 9-propenylcarbazole polymers and fine organic synthesis products. Carbazole was reacted with propylene oxide under varied conditions to determine the effects of solvent, alkali catalyst, reage…
