SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
This paper investigates the equilibrium shape of twin lamellae in bismuth single crystals when their growth into the crystal is either unobstructed or arrested by obstacles. Using optical observations during deformation, the authors compare the geometry of freely growing and pinned twins with predic…
This paper examines electron-optical registration as a means of reducing the exposure time required to record X-ray diffraction patterns. The authors describe an experimental setup in which a diffraction image formed on a fluorescent screen is optically transferred to an electron-optical converter a…
This paper examines the electrical conductivity, thermoelectric power, and Hall effect of high purity selenium in solid and liquid states from 20 to 450°C, including the melting region, with attention to the role of oxygen and compensating impurities. The authors interpret the temperature dependence…
This study investigates the mechanism by which conductors are destroyed during electrical explosion, motivated by the observation that the explosion threshold energy exceeds the melting energy but is below the vaporization energy. Using pulsed x-ray shadow photography of copper, lead, tungsten, moly…
This paper analyzes how Coulomb collisions affect drift and drift-cyclotron instabilities in a low-pressure inhomogeneous magnetized plasma. Using the Landau collision integral rather than a model collision term, the authors derive local oscillation spectra in a geometrical-optics approximation for …
This paper derives equations for Green’s functions in an electrically neutral Coulomb system with collisions, starting from the Bogolyubov, Lenard kinetic equation supplemented by a spatially inhomogeneous self-consistent field term. The linearized kinetic equation is varied with respect to an exter…
This paper gives a rigorous electrodynamic treatment of how a symmetric double metallic grating of special geometry affects radiation from an active plane-parallel layer when the electric field is parallel to the grating strips. The boundary-value problem for the Helmholtz equation is formulated in …
This paper investigates electroluminescence from n-p junctions fabricated on single-crystal solid solutions in the indium phosphide, gallium arsenide system across several compositions. Junctions were formed by zinc diffusion, and recombination radiation spectra were measured through crystal cleavag…
This paper estimates the longitudinal dimensions of molecular threads presumed to form on the cold tip of an electron projector and to produce Müller-type “molecular” emission patterns. Treating the threads as cylindrical metal-like conductors in an electric field, the author balances electrostatic …
This paper analyzes changes of the generation channel in a four-level quantum generator, focusing on transitions from generation at one frequency to another and on simultaneous multifrequency operation. Using simplified rate-balance equations for unsplit levels, it derives level populations and thre…
This paper analyzes the reflection of fast ions incident on a dense medium at glancing angles, in the regime where binary collisions and predominantly small angle scattering apply. Starting from the Boltzmann kinetic equation, the collision term is approximated by angular diffusion together with uni…
The paper develops a model for the rotational spectrum and absorption of the water vapor dimer treated as a linear complex with hindered internal rotation about the hydrogen bond axis. Using the internal-axis formalism, the Hamiltonian is approximated by external symmetric-top rotation plus internal…
The paper develops a group-theoretical classification of the states of pairs of exchange-coupled impurity ions in crystals, motivated by optical quantum generators using such ion pairs. It defines the symmetry group of an ion pair through the intersection of the crystal point symmetry at the pair mi…
This paper examines the angular anisotropy and mass asymmetry of fission fragments produced when uranium 238 is bombarded by 14 MeV neutrons. The authors interpret the observed dependence of fragment yield on emission angle and mass ratio as a superposition of fission from uranium 239, uranium 238, …
This paper develops a nonlinear theory for the motion of fast charged particles in helical magnetic fields wound on a torus, with possible application to strong focusing and particle channeling. Using averaging methods for the rapidly rotating transverse force, the analysis derives slow-motion equat…
This paper examines the mechanocaloric effect at ordinary temperatures during liquid flow through a fine porous partition, in relation to the reciprocal thermomolecular effect predicted by irreversible thermodynamics. The authors argue that surface forces in small pores can alter the enthalpy of mob…
This paper investigates the electric breakdown of suspensions of powdered aluminum in liquid dielectrics, using aluminum in gasoline and related powder systems as models for structuring and puncture in inhomogeneous insulating media. Cinematographic observations record the formation, rupture, restor…
The paper develops an operator representation of the relativistic scattering matrix in quantum field theory using an invariant one-dimensional parameter and the Fourier transform of the interaction Lagrangian. Starting from an integral equation for the reaction matrix, it introduces auxiliary quasip…
This paper analyzes the longitudinal Hall effect in cubic semiconducting crystals with complex band structure, focusing on intermediate magnetic fields whose direction does not coincide with a crystal symmetry axis. It develops a tensor formulation of Ohm’s law for the antisymmetric part of the gene…
This study investigates whether absolute electromigration, previously observed in solid pure metals and alloys, also occurs in liquid Pb, Sn, In, and Ga. Using a capillary method, the authors introduced suspended colloidal Co-60 particles as inert markers in liquid metal samples and measured their p…
The paper develops an algebra of irreducible tensor operators for cubic point groups as an analogue of the familiar spherical tensor algebra used in angular momentum theory. It defines irreducible cubic tensors by their transformation properties, applies the Wigner-Eckart theorem to their matrix ele…
This paper examines the damping of long-wavelength Langmuir waves in a homogeneous isotropic plasma near the threshold at which they can emit ion-sound plasmons and transition to lower-frequency Langmuir states. Using a Hamiltonian with a three-plasmon interaction term and retarded two-time Green fu…
This paper examines radiative losses in spectral lines from a finite volume of nonequilibrium plasma, accounting for non-Boltzmann level populations and reabsorption. Using a two-level model, the authors formulate the problem in terms of the integral flux of escaping quanta rather than the full radi…
This chronicle reports on the Third All-Union Symposium on Wave Diffraction, held in Tbilisi in September 1964, and summarizes its organization, plenary lectures, sectional sessions, and main scientific themes. The account surveys work on electromagnetic, acoustic, hydrodynamic, elastic, plasma, wav…
The paper develops a direct method for deriving relations among matrix elements of irreducible tensor operators of the group SU(3), avoiding explicit elimination of arbitrary reduced parameters. Using transformation properties, invariant operators, and the action of SU(3) generators, it establishes …
This paper develops a nonlinear theory of the Zeeman effect in a helium-neon gas laser, addressing the experimentally observed anomalous magnetic-field region where the beat frequency between oppositely circularly polarized oscillations can vanish. Lamb’s laser theory is generalized to two polarizat…
This paper addresses the problem of estimating isotropic mean values of tensor physical quantities from anisotropic single-crystal constants, especially when conventional angular averaging gives different results for direct and reciprocal tensors. It proposes an averaging method based on equating ro…
This paper examines how radiative polarization of electrons and positrons in storage rings can affect two-particle production in colliding-beam annihilation experiments. Using the one-photon approximation, the authors derive cross sections for polarized electron-positron annihilation into pion, ferm…
The paper proposes a kinetic-theory formulation of gas turbulence intended to address limitations of approaches based solely on averaged Navier-Stokes quantities and multipoint velocity probabilities. It replaces these averages with phase-space distribution functions for complexes of particles gover…
This paper studies the commutation function for a scalar Klein, Gordon field in an arbitrary two dimensional pseudo, Riemannian space time, using isotropic coordinates in which the metric is conformally flat. The Cauchy problem is solved by Riemann’s method for data prescribed on a spacelike curve, …
This paper investigates the structure and propagation mechanism of detonation in heterogeneous systems where gaseous oxygen reacts with liquid or solid fuel layers on tube walls. Using optical streak and instantaneous photography in a transparent square tube, the authors observe a detached leading s…
This paper examines how near-surface charges affect the light-induced change in contact potential difference in semiconductors, a quantity previously used to infer the ratio of hole and electron photoconductivity components. Using dynamic-capacitor measurements and photoconductivity measurements on …
The study investigates hydrogen solubility in liquid niobium, for which previous data were unavailable despite its importance for producing pure niobium and niobium-based refractory alloys. Small niobium samples were melted without a crucible in a suspended state under purified inert gas and hydroge…
The paper develops a variational formulation for continua in a gravitational field and in material media, treating the law of motion, metric tensor, and additional field or internal variables as defining parameters. From an action containing the scalar curvature and a material scalar, it derives the…
The paper studies proton, antiproton annihilation into electron or muon pairs in the one-photon approximation, incorporating proton electromagnetic form factors at timelike momentum transfer and longitudinal polarization states of all participating particles. It derives differential and total cross-…
This paper analyzes current-driven convection of a low-pressure positive column in a magnetic field under conditions where charged-particle mean free paths and the ion Larmor radius exceed the tube radius, making ion inertia and ambipolar-field transport important. Starting from kinetic equations fo…
The paper examines the relation between band absorption and discrete exciton absorption in x-ray spectra of atoms in polar crystals, using chlorine, potassium, and related spectra in LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and AgCl. The authors compare corrected x-ray emission and absorption edges with ultraviolet a…
The paper develops a geometrical-optics approach to natural oscillations in open resonators by representing field localization through caustic surfaces and imposing phase quantization conditions, including caustic phase jumps. It analyzes ray families inside a reflecting triaxial ellipsoid, classifi…
This paper examines the mechanism by which vapor or gas bubbles detach from a nonwettable horizontal plane, especially at large contact angles where the classical Fritz formula may overestimate the detachment size. Using a variational energy formulation for the axisymmetric bubble shape with fixed v…
This paper derives a kinetic equation for a spatially homogeneous nonideal degenerate Bose gas using the Bogoliubov and Gurov method, with the condensate separated by quasiaverages and the noncondensed operators transformed to quasiparticle variables. The calculation introduces a small parameter exp…
The paper proposes a possible mechanism of superconductivity in metals, semiconductors, films, or molecular crystals containing embedded molecules. By analogy with the Fröhlich electron phonon mechanism, it argues that conduction electrons can experience an effective attraction through virtual excit…
The paper examines the low formation cross sections encountered in synthesizing heavy transuranium elements by heavy-ion irradiation, emphasizing the loss of yield caused by neutron evaporation and competing fission in highly excited compound nuclei. Using approximate calculations of Coulomb barrier…
This paper analyzes the formation and decay of negative ions in low-temperature plasma through charge transfer between an atom and an excited atom, a mechanism distinct from dissociative attachment. Using a quasimolecular treatment of slow atomic collisions, it derives an asymptotic expression for t…
This paper addresses the reduction of Hermitian operator matrices that commute with a group of unitary symmetry operators, with motivation from kinetic and potential energy operators in molecular vibration theory. It considers a space decomposed into subspaces of equivalent coordinates and shows tha…
This paper investigates the relationship between the Barkhausen effect and residual magnetization in nickel, focusing on how irreversible remagnetization processes are reflected in hysteresis behavior. Measurements on nickel wire specimens under tensile stress compared the number of Barkhausen jumps…
This paper analyzes how lateral “noise” radiation, consisting of amplified luminescence and scattered generation, affects the operation of a ruby optical quantum generator. The authors develop a calculation method that uses experimentally measured metastable-level populations and relative pump inten…
This paper reports an experimental method for achieving continuous operation of a GaAs injection laser by cooling the diode with a stream of gaseous helium. The authors discuss thermal constraints on continuous semiconductor laser emission, describe a Zn-diffused GaAs p-n junction diode mounted in a…
This paper proposes an optical method for studying thermal diffusion in gas mixtures, based on changes in absorption or photoluminescence of molecular vapors when a foreign gas is added in a two-vessel cell with a temperature difference. The author interprets previously observed decreases in lumines…
This paper examines whether Carathéodory’s principle and the associated integrating factor for heat can be applied to thermally inhomogeneous systems, a question linked to claims that such systems possess nonadditive entropy. Using an ideal two-temperature electron-ion plasma as an example, the auth…
