SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This paper proposes a low-power, general-purpose brushless non-salient-pole synchronous motor intended to avoid the application limits imposed by sliding contacts in conventional synchronous machines. The design uses a three-phase stator winding shunted by diodes and a resistance, a rotor excitation…
This paper describes a three-stage alternating-current electromechanical amplifier with adjustable output frequency, intended for use in automatic-control systems and as a power source for asynchronous motors. The proposed design combines two signal amplification stages, a frequency-control stage, a…
This paper reports experimental investigations of two transverse-field electric machine amplifiers with smooth, slotless armatures, focusing on principal operating characteristics and commutation behavior. The authors examine the use of a longitudinal biasing winding to improve amplification, compar…
The paper presents a digital-computer method for analyzing commutation in commutator electrical machines, addressing the difficulty of accounting for mutual inductive coupling among commutating sections and the nonlinear voltage-current behavior of brush contacts. It formulates the commutation proce…
This paper derives energy relationships for several brushless electric-machine amplifiers, including variable-frequency, phase-sensitive increased-frequency, fixed-frequency AC, and DC configurations. Using electromagnetic power, slip, torque, winding losses, iron losses, rectifier losses, and drive…
This paper examines compensation of armature reaction in a brushless electric machine amplifier using semiconductor rectifiers and feedback windings. It proposes a circuit that compensates both longitudinal and transverse components of armature reaction, derives expressions for the external characte…
This paper examines the use of a semiconductor commutator in a contactless electric machine amplifier and in an adjustable frequency alternating current converter. It develops analytical relations for current variation, pulsations, commutation behavior, and overvoltages in the excitation winding, th…
The paper addresses voltage stabilization in two-stage brushless electric machine amplifiers and frequency converters, where feedback methods can overload the controlled semiconductor commutator under adjustable-frequency operation. It proposes a rotor armature winding connected in a “zigzag” arrang…
This paper describes a semiconductor profilometer developed to investigate mechanical factors affecting commutation in commutator electrical machines, including commutator bar displacement, eccentricity, ovality, bearing vibration, and surface microrelief under dynamic conditions. The instrument use…
This paper develops methods for calculating the operating characteristics of a contactless phase-sensitive AC electric machine amplifier with increased output frequency, formed by combining an inverted synchronous generator and an asynchronous frequency converter in a single magnetic core. It derive…
The paper examines why dynamic current-voltage characteristics of the sliding contact between a carbon brush and a commutator are unstable and difficult to use in commutation calculations. It argues from contact theory and experimental observations that conduction is governed by competing processes:…
This paper proposes and analyzes a variable-frequency electromechanical amplifier based on a brushless asynchronized synchronous machine with a controlled semiconductor commutator at the input. It develops frequency relations, vector diagrams, control-circuit equations, and active-power gain express…
This paper examines how to choose the principal geometric ratios of a valve-type DC electromagnet so as to minimize the weight of active materials for a specified mechanical work output. Under simplifying assumptions about magnetic-circuit saturation, winding heating, current constancy, and leakage,…
This paper addresses the preliminary design of cylindrical DC electromagnets when the required mechanical work is specified. It develops a parameter selection procedure based on dimensionless geometric ratios, using recommended ranges for optimal utilization of active materials and deriving formulas…
This paper derives recommended geometric proportions for cylindrical direct-current electromagnets used in lifting, holding, and clutch applications, with the aim of maximizing mechanical work per unit volume of active materials. Using simplifying assumptions about the magnetic circuit, heating, and…
This paper examines statistical methods for testing electrical machine insulation in order to estimate reliability during the burn-in period. It relates turn-insulation reliability to the defectiveness of wire, breakdown probability in wire twists, and detection factors, then compares approaches bas…
This paper addresses the optimization of electrical machine dimensions, criticizing earlier two-variable and variant calculation approaches for yielding only local or purely numerical results that are difficult to reuse analytically. It proposes applying mathematical experiment planning and response…
This paper proposes a statistical modeling approach for analyzing and synthesizing the groundwall insulation of induction motors with random-wound windings. It represents multilayer insulation in an elementary region as a chain of series capacitors, assigns probability distributions to layer breakdo…
The article analyzes thermal insulation wear in induction motors used on metal-cutting equipment under statistically stationary operating loads. It formulates expected wear per unit time from winding temperature rise and ambient temperature, using an exponential distribution for utilized motor power…
This paper examines how protective devices against short circuits and overloads affect the operational reliability of induction motors, a factor reported to account for a substantial share of motor failures. It develops mathematical and statistical simulation models using protection operating time d…
This paper applies regression analysis and statistically planned experiments to model sparking during commutation in electric machines, with the aim of accounting for technological and mechanical variation within machines of the same series. The authors argue that classical theoretical modeling is i…
This paper addresses errors in evaluating DC machine commutator profilograms when differences between adjacent minimeter readings are treated directly as differences in segment height. It argues that eccentricity and ellipticity introduce first and second harmonic components that can significantly d…
The paper addresses the problem of switching very large pulsed currents at high voltage, where ionic valves alone have insufficient current capacity and conventional mechanical switches are limited by arcing, synchronization difficulties, or slow operation. It describes a valve-mechanical switching …
This paper examines electromagnetic sparking in DC machine commutation and proposes a valve-mechanical commutation scheme using semiconductor diodes and an auxiliary brush or commutator. The authors describe the operating principle, in which the auxiliary branch takes over the residual commutator-se…
This paper addresses the calculation of cooling air flow in low-power P-series direct-current machines, where general ventilation methods are shown to deviate substantially from experimental results. Drawing on experimental investigations of more than 50 ventilation-system variants, it proposes seve…
This paper develops an equivalent thermal circuit for two parallel heat-conducting rods, such as an electrical-machine winding thermally coupled to a core, shaft, or housing, with distributed mutual conductance, cooling to a flow whose temperature varies linearly, and temperature-dependent winding l…
This paper addresses the steady-state two-dimensional temperature field in oval and trapezoidal slots of electrical machines with round-wire windings, where nonuniform insulation heating affects thermal design. Starting from heat-balance equations with equivalent thermal conductivity and distributed…
This paper investigates inadequate cooling in protected P-series DC machines of frame sizes 1 to 6 with axial exhaust ventilation and centrifugal fans. Using a specially built aerodynamic test stand, the authors measured ventilation characteristics for stationary and rotating machines, compared expe…
This paper addresses the design of low-power synchronous generators intended to feed rectifier units, where a trapezoidal electromotive force can reduce ripple in the rectified voltage with only a modest loss in utilization. It develops a harmonic method for selecting the rotor magnetic system: the …
This paper examines how to choose a rectification circuit for low-power brushless direct-current generators of the synchronous generator and rectifier type, especially for brushless exciters where generator utilization, reliability, and size are important. It analyzes bridge and single-half-period s…
This paper analyzes stability limits for a transverse-field electric machine amplifier operating at no load, with attention to how adjustable and design parameters affect transient behavior in automatic-control systems. Starting from a linearized system of dynamic equations, the authors derive a cha…
This paper addresses the problem of reducing output voltage ripple in low-power brushless direct-current generators where brush commutators and bulky smoothing filters are undesirable. It proposes a three-phase synchronous generator with a bridge rectifier and a specially shaped trapezoidal emf, pro…
This paper examines how changes in rotor speed during a shock generator pulse affect stator current and energy transfer. Using energy relations and joint modeling of machine voltage-balance equations with the rotor motion equation on an analog computer, the authors analyze the conversion between rot…
The paper examines how variable magnetic circuit saturation affects the current amplitude of a shock generator, with emphasis on saturation caused by leakage fluxes during the initial short circuit. Using experimentally based saturation characteristics and analog computer modeling, it compares curre…
This paper develops a mathematical model for the transient operation of a single-phase shock generator under short-circuit or inductive-load conditions, accounting jointly for rotor speed variation and magnetic-circuit saturation. The authors reformulate the synchronous-machine equations in direct a…
The paper formulates and models the rotor motion equation for a synchronous reluctance motor under conditions where electromagnetic transients can be neglected relative to mechanical dynamics. It derives the synchronous torque expression including stator winding resistance and represents the resulti…
This paper presents a method for using the EMU-10 analog computer to study transient electromechanical processes in synchronous reluctance motors, including asynchronous operation, pull-in to synchronism, and sudden load application. The authors formulate the motor behavior with Park-Gorev different…
This paper examines how design and operating parameters affect the static stability region of synchronous reluctance machines, with particular attention to stator winding transients and short-circuited rotor windings. Using a previously developed stability method and numerical boundary calculations,…
This paper examines the static stability of synchronous reluctance machines operating from a constant-voltage, constant-frequency network, distinguishing between aperiodic pull-out and oscillatory self-swinging. Using linearized Park-Gorev equations for small disturbances, it derives a sixth-order c…
This paper addresses how magnetic saturation affects the direct and quadrature axis reactances of synchronous reluctance motors, a factor often neglected in operating characteristic calculations. It applies an approximate superposition method, treating saturation as a change in effective air gap and…
The paper examines the complex air gap magnetic field of an improved synchronous reluctance machine with nonmagnetic rotor interlayers, for which direct analytical calculation is difficult. Using an electrolytic tank analogy under simplifying assumptions, the authors modeled longitudinal and transve…
This paper develops formulas for determining the parameters of equivalent direct-axis and quadrature-axis rotor windings used to model synchronous reluctance machines during starting and transient processes. Assuming a sinusoidal distribution of rotor-bar current components, it equates losses in the…
The paper addresses the replacement of real multicircuit short-circuited rotor windings in synchronous reluctance machines by equivalent windings along the direct and quadrature axes for studies of starting and transient processes. Assuming sinusoidal spatial distributions of rotor bar currents and …
This paper examines radiation transfer in plasma, emphasizing the difference between resonance line radiation and recombination or bremsstrahlung radiation under complete frequency redistribution. Using an integral formulation with a frequency-dependent emission profile and absorption coefficient, t…
This paper studies groups of similarity symmetry in Euclidean space, focusing on the fundamental property that every transformation in such a group fixes each singular point of the group. After recalling the decomposition of a similarity transformation into a homothety and a motion, the author prove…
This paper presents the design and experimental study of a brushless DC electromechanical amplifier intended to overcome limitations associated with commutator and brush assemblies. The proposed model is a single-armature, two-stage amplifier combining two electrical machines in one magnetic circuit…
This paper examines the absolute stability of pulse-width automatic control systems with first-order single-cycle modulation, treated as nonlinear sampled-data systems. It reformulates the pulse-width system as an equivalent structure with a single nonlinear element whose characteristic lies in a se…
This paper describes a pulse excitation system for regulating the voltage of a direct-current generator using thyristors with forced current commutation in the power circuit. It presents the control arrangement, including pulse-width modulation, switching devices, and an artificial-commutation capac…
This paper analyzes the transient temperature field in a radiation-cooled plate with uniform internal heat generation. It formulates the heat-conduction problem with a nonlinear radiative boundary condition, separates the steady component, and introduces a variable transformation to obtain an approx…
This paper examines how depth-dependent resistivity in permafrost soils affects current spreading from grounding electrodes and the resulting ground-surface potential distribution. Using two-layer soil field formulas and comparisons with homogeneous-soil behavior, the authors analyze cases in which …
