SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 402 papers in Materials Science
This study investigates whether silicon carbide undergoes an α to β structural transformation analogous to those used in the synthesis of diamond and cubic boron nitride. Several hexagonal silicon carbide powders, including industrial, high-purity, and single-polytype 6H materials, were subjected to…
This study examines the optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance behavior of cobalt and nickel in fluoroberyllate glasses. Glasses of varied BeF2 based compositions doped with CoF2 or nickel compounds were prepared and measured spectroscopically, including EPR at room temperature and 7…
The study examines whether hexagonal silicon carbide can grow epitaxially on diamond, a possibility proposed to explain zoning and anomalous birefringence in natural diamonds. Diamond crystals were reacted with pure silicon in vacuum at 1000 to 1550°C and under 60 kbar at 1500 to 1550°C, and the res…
This paper examines the mechanism of dendritic growth in crystals with the diamond structure, focusing on germanium dendrites growing in the direction with one or more twin planes. Using microphotographs of transverse sections, the author compares single-twin and double-twin dendrites and argues tha…
This paper reports the spontaneous formation of filamentous single crystals of magnesium oxide on fired periclase specimens with a spinel bond. The authors examine the macrostructure and microstructure of specimens fired at 1650 degrees Celsius and relate whisker growth to zonal differences produced…
This study examines how high all-round pressure affects the fine deformation structure of high-purity chromium and molybdenum, metals whose plasticity increases markedly under such conditions. Specimens were compressed or hydroextruded at 14 to 18 kbar at room temperature and 250 degrees Celsius, th…
This study examines paramagnetic centers produced by gamma irradiation in lithium gallium silicate glasses using electron paramagnetic resonance. Two glass compositions on opposite sides of the Ga2O3/Li2O ratio of unity were irradiated with Co60 gamma rays, and their induced spectra were compared. T…
This study examines the structure and composition of oxide films formed by bombarding the (111) surface of n-type silicon with oxygen ions, motivated by their use as insulating and masking layers in semiconductor technology. The authors compare etching behavior with infrared absorption and electron …
This study examines the relationship between anomalous spike-type extra reflections in Laue patterns of natural diamonds and their optical properties, with particular attention to infrared and ultraviolet absorption and luminescence. More than 100 Yakutian diamond samples were analyzed by infrared a…
This study examines electrocleaning in synthetic quartz crystals containing elevated nonstructural sodium impurity, with attention to the relation between impurity migration and milky-white light-scattering centers formed during heating. Quartz plates were electrolyzed at 500 to 700 degrees in const…
This study examines solid solutions with isovalent anion substitution in the HgTe, HgS and HgSe, HgS systems, focusing on compositions with sulfur content up to x = 0.4. Samples and single crystals were synthesized and analyzed by metallography, x-ray diffraction, chemical and isotope methods, elect…
This paper investigates the relationship between photomechanical behavior and photoconductivity in cadmium sulfide crystals, with particular attention to cases of negative photoconductivity under infrared illumination. Microhardness measurements were made on CdS plates exposed to filtered infrared l…
This study examines the short-range atomic structure of amorphous germanium formed by bombarding polycrystalline germanium films with 50 keV argon ions, in order to assess possible mechanisms of ion-induced amorphization. Electron diffraction patterns were analyzed by Fourier methods to obtain a rad…
This study examines the defects responsible for Tyndall scattering and clouding in synthetic quartz containing a so-called nonstructural impurity. Synthetic quartz grown in sodium carbonate solutions was studied by electron microscopy using self-shadowed carbon replicas of fracture surfaces, before …
This paper reports an in situ X-ray diffraction study of structural transformations in zinc fluoride under pressures up to about 130 kbar at 25 and 300 degrees Celsius. Using a high-pressure chamber with temperature control and pressure calibration by sodium chloride compressibility, the authors fou…
This paper examines irreversible volume changes in polymer specimens during tensile deformation as evidence of microscopic loosening by pores and cracks. Cylindrical specimens of fluoroplastic-4, rigid vinyl plastic, and organic glass were tested to fracture under constant or stepwise increasing loa…
The study examines the size dependence of the mechanical strength of tungsten microcrystals with diameters far below one micron, a range previously difficult to test for whisker crystals. Tungsten needle specimens were prepared by electrochemical polishing and studied at 77 K using field-ion microsc…
This paper develops a lattice-based treatment of dislocations in a two-row crystal, addressing limitations of continuum descriptions and of the Frenkel-Kontorova model, particularly the assumption of an undeformable row. The authors formulate equilibrium difference equations for rectangular and hexa…
This study applies electron paramagnetic resonance to glasses in the ternary vanadium oxide, phosphorus oxide, and tungsten oxide system in order to clarify how mixed transition metal oxides affect electrical conduction. EPR spectra were compared with static magnetic susceptibility, electrical condu…
This paper reports the artificial synthesis of large spherical polycrystalline diamond specimens closely resembling natural ballas, a rare diamond form not previously obtained in reported synthetic diamond work. The authors describe specimens approximately 6 to 6.5 mm in diameter, examine their dens…
This paper addresses the problem of distinguishing etch figures produced by fission fragment tracks from those produced by dislocations in ionic crystals, where track densities may be much lower than dislocation densities and the two types of figures are visually similar. Using NaCl, KCl, LiF, and C…
This paper reports the preparation of crack-free oriented single crystals of the ternary semiconductor CdSnAs2, a material whose study had been hindered by cracking during the polymorphic transformation from zinc-blende to chalcopyrite structure. The authors synthesize and zone-purify stoichiometric…
This study examines the growth of single crystals of rare-earth oxides by the Verneuil method, with particular attention to whether lanthanides of variable valence form nontrivalent oxides under different flame conditions. Oxides of lanthanides with atomic numbers 62 to 71 were crystallized under va…
This paper examines whether the chemically inhomogeneous structure of low-alkali sodium silicate glasses has a liquation origin. The authors compare small-angle X-ray scattering measurements of mean-square electron-density fluctuations with calculations based on an extrapolated clearing-temperature …
This paper examines the origin and role of dislocations in natural quartz crystals grown along the basal direction, focusing on the ditrigonal network and growth accessories observed on the 0001 surface. Using optical microscopy, electron microscopy, etching observations, and the moiré method, the s…
This study examines infrared absorption spectra of diamonds with differing color, luminescence, ultraviolet transparency, irradiation history, and inferred impurity content, with special attention to the unresolved origin of absorption near 8 micrometers. Comparing multiple specimens before and afte…
This paper examines vibrocreep in polymer materials, focusing on whether the acceleration of creep under small superposed vibrations can be explained by vibrational heating rather than by a separate mechanical effect. Experiments on caprolite specimens under static load and a small dynamic load are …
This study addresses the limited technical use of crystalline silver chloride, despite its broad optical transparency and favorable plasticity, due to low hardness and pronounced sensitivity to visible and ultraviolet radiation. Silver chloride crystals were grown by a modified Stockbarger method wi…
Stress relaxation in plastically deformed KCl crystals was investigated to clarify the relative roles of dislocation motion and dislocation multiplication during slip. Compression experiments at room temperature measured single and repeated relaxation at successive stages of deformation, with disloc…
The paper develops a thermodynamic description of binary substitutional solid solutions formed between crystals that are not themselves isomorphous, by introducing fictitious or metastable isomorphous modifications and allowing for vacancies in sublattices. It derives expressions for configurational…
This study investigates low-temperature recrystallization in 99.98% oxygen-free copper subjected to 90% rolling deformation at 293, 77, and 20 K. Specimens were annealed between 293 and 468 K, and the onset of recrystallization was identified by the appearance of point reflections in back-reflection…
This study uses nuclear quadrupole resonance to examine whether statistically disordered crystals of p-nitrochlorobenzene can be converted into ordered modifications by growth on crystalline matrices of p-bromo- and p-iodonitrobenzene. Mixtures were prepared by zone melting to create impurity gradie…
High-temperature X-ray diffraction was used to examine phase transitions in ceramic bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3, over 20 to 850 degrees, with particular attention to the previously unstudied interval near the expected Curie temperature. Measurements of rhombohedral cell parameters at 38 temperatures rev…
This paper describes a cathodoluminescent crystal-fiber material produced by heat treatment of glasses close to zinc orthosilicate composition, in which elongated willemite crystallites form within a lower-index glassy phase and act as light-guiding fibers. Electron microscopy and optical testing sh…
This paper reports the synthesis and X-ray crystallographic characterization of a series of new complex perovskites with general compositions A(B′,B″)O3 and A(B′,B″,B′″)O3, where A is barium or strontium and the B-site contains selected mono-, di-, tri-, penta-, or hexavalent ions combined to preser…
This study examines whether neutron irradiation produces crystallographically anisotropic atomic displacements in the alpha phase of carbon steel. Using X-ray diffraction, the authors measured integrated intensities for many reflections from irradiated and unirradiated specimens, including multiple …
This study examines how polycondensation conditions affect the supramolecular structure and mechanical behavior of amorphous polyarylate F-7, prepared either by interfacial polycondensation or by high-temperature polycondensation in a homogeneous dissolving medium. Electron microscopy of platinum-ca…
This study examines the corrosion behavior of titanium oxygen alloys containing 1 to 36 atomic percent oxygen in 40% and 70% sulfuric acid, under conditions where unalloyed titanium corrodes rapidly. Alloys were prepared by arc melting, annealed, and evaluated through corrosion-rate measurements bas…
This study reports the synthesis and characterization of new oxide compounds containing highly polarizable ions, with targeted perovskite compositions based on barium or lead with bismuth and pentavalent or hexavalent cations. Ceramic samples were prepared by double firing and examined by X-ray diff…
This paper examines isomeric chemical shifts in Mössbauer spectra of tin alloys with Group VIII d-metals, focusing on Co, Ni, Rh, Pd, and Pt binary systems. The authors identify alloy phases by X-ray diffraction, measure Mössbauer shifts for selected compounds, and compare the resulting dependence o…
This paper examines radiation damage in sintered beryllium oxide irradiated below 100 degrees C by fast neutrons, focusing on the structural changes associated with specimen crumbling and diffraction-line broadening. X-ray diffraction and Laue measurements show that irradiated blocks break into sing…
This paper addresses unresolved features of the titanium aluminum phase diagram, especially the existence of intermediate compounds or related phases between 0 and 40 atomic percent aluminum. Forty alloys were prepared at 1 percent composition intervals using high purity starting materials and cruci…
The paper examines the applicability of Zhurkov’s fluctuation theory of strength to the long-term rupture of highly elastic polymers, where rubber lifetime under tension can show a complex, nonmonotonic dependence on deformation. It argues that the stress-concentration parameter should be treated as…
This paper investigates the magnetic anisotropy of epitaxial cobalt films produced by thermal evaporation on heated NaCl and LiF substrates, using electron diffraction, domain structure observations, hysteresis behavior, and ferromagnetic resonance measurements. Films grown on NaCl contain both cubi…
This study examines how adsorbed vapors and gases affect the electrical conductivity, photoconductivity, and capacitor photo-emf of copper polyphenylacetylide, a p-type coordination polymer semiconductor. Measurements on powdered samples under vacuum, oxygen, water vapor, quinone, chloranil, and mer…
This paper examines whether fine dispersed structures in metallic alloys can be formed by creating and quenching liquid emulsions before crystallization, using the reduction of interfacial tension near critical mixing conditions. The authors develop the argument from colloid chemistry and test it ex…
This study applies secondary ion emission mass spectrometry to the early stages of corrosion and oxidation on a heated steel surface in high vacuum, residual gas, oxygen, and water vapor atmospheres. After annealing, secondary positive and negative ions were analyzed as functions of strip temperatur…
This paper examines how heat treatment changes the supramolecular structure of sodium silicate glass containing 14 mol.% Na2O. Using small angle X-ray scattering on samples heated in a gradient furnace from 570 to 790 degrees C, the authors estimate the radii of inhomogeneous regions, interfacial su…
This paper examines the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement in steel at low hydrogen contents, where delayed fracture depends strongly on deformation rate and is hypothesized to be controlled by stress-directed hydrogen diffusion. Quenched 5KhNM steel plates were tested in bending under constant loa…
