SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This study uses luminescence measurements to examine the role of impurity silver centers in the photolysis of silver chloride emulsions, particularly whether photosensitivity and fog centers act as traps for electrons or holes. Fine-grained silver chloride emulsions subjected to different second-rip…
This paper proposes a method of programming in meaningful, problem-oriented notations while preserving a direct correspondence with the actual machine command set. It describes the division of a program sheet into semantic and coded parts, rules for naming cells and commands, the role of a dictionar…
A method is reported for synthesizing dihalomethyl organomercury compounds by reacting organomercury halides with methylene chloride or methylene bromide in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide. The study prepares several aryl dichloromethylmercury and dibromomethylmercury derivatives, gives yiel…
This study examines the acid-catalyzed isomerization of d-sabinene, with particular attention to whether terpinolene is formed in addition to the previously reported alpha and gamma terpinene products. d-Sabinene was heated with the cation-exchange resin KU-1 or metatitanic acid, and the resulting m…
This paper examines the reactivity of esters of alpha stannated carboxylic acids with halides of trivalent phosphorus, in comparison with earlier cases where alpha metallated carbonyl compounds showed transfer of the reaction center. The authors show that these reactions proceed predominantly withou…
This paper addresses the structural characterization of active carbons with energetically heterogeneous surfaces, focusing on the limiting adsorption-space volume and constants in the Dubinin-Radushkevich type adsorption equation. It proposes a successive-approximation procedure for determining the …
This paper generalizes the Riemann-Schwarz symmetry principle for holomorphic functions by replacing the usual condition on the real part with a Riemann-Hilbert boundary condition involving a nonvanishing Hölder coefficient. It shows that, after multiplication by an explicitly constructible holomorp…
This paper develops functional expansion methods for statistical equilibrium in interacting many-particle systems, with emphasis on improving convergence relative to density, activity, or interaction-constant expansions in liquid-state theory. It formulates a closed functional equation with variatio…
This paper examines general kinetic problems of high-temperature chemical reactions in plasma jets, with emphasis on rapid quenching by reacting substances and estimation of the effective reactor length. Using an idealized cylindrical reactor model in which a liquid reagent is injected into a hot ga…
The paper analyzes the kink, or discontinuity in slope, of the shock adiabat of a solid when it intersects a first-order phase transition region, with particular attention to melting. Using the shock-wave energy balance, the Clapeyron-Clausius relation, and a comparison with metastable continuations…
This study examines the structure of carbyne and related conjugated polyyne polymers using infrared absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Polyvinylidene chloride was dehydrochlorinated under several conditions to provide a counter-synthesis of polyyne fragments, and the result…
This note extends a variational method for quasiconformal mappings to closed Riemann surfaces represented by Fuchsian groups. It derives local and integral variational formulas for the mapping function and for changes in the moduli of a surface, and relates these formulas to Abelian differentials an…
This paper examines the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of hydrazo compounds and challenges kinetic interpretations that attribute second-order acid dependence to obligatory diprotonation or invoke spontaneous rearrangement of monoprotonated species. Using comparative experiments on substituted hydrazo…
This paper examines the mechanism of methane conversion by carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, a strongly endothermic process of interest for synthesis gas production. Using literature data and thermochemical calculations for elementary reactions and radical intermediates, the au…
The paper examines the stability of large-amplitude Alfvén waves in a compressible plasma, extending earlier work on finite small-amplitude instabilities. Because an arbitrary wave profile is mathematically difficult, the authors analyze an Alfvén wave with a sawtooth magnetic-field profile, using i…
This study examines the radical polymerization and copolymerization behavior of four previously unstudied alpha,beta,beta-halogen-substituted paradivinylbenzenes, focusing on how difluorochlorovinyl substitution affects reactivity. Using bulk, emulsion, and solution copolymerization with styrene, to…
This study examines reactions of diethylzinc with triethyltin hydride and related group IV organoelement hydrides, comparing their behavior with previously studied diethylmercury reactions. Sealed-ampoule experiments showed that triethyltin hydride gives metallic zinc, ethane, tetraethyltin, and hex…
This study examines how ortho alkyl substituents affect the equilibrium between 2,6-dialkyl-p-quinodiazides and the corresponding oxyphenyldiazonium salts, as a quantitative model for phenol to cyclohexadienone rearrangement tendencies. Using ultraviolet spectrophotometry in aqueous alcoholic hydroc…
This paper investigates the production of methacrylic acid nitrile by oxidative ammonolysis of isobutylene with air oxygen as an alternative to established multistage routes. Laboratory flow reactor experiments with fixed and fluidized catalyst beds examined the effects of temperature, feed molar ra…
This study examines whether reduced forms of chlorophyll and hematoporphyrin can initiate methyl methacrylate polymerization, as a test for radical formation during pigment reduction. Chlorophyll and hematoporphyrin in pyridine were reduced in vacuum and darkness with zinc amalgam, their absorption …
This study examines how electron-donor additives affect the microstructure of polybutadiene formed by stereospecific polymerization of butadiene with cobalt-containing catalytic systems based on a cobalt chloride complex and diisobutylaluminum chloride. Polymerizations were carried out in benzene at…
This paper studies effective error estimates for finite difference solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation on polygonal domains, where corner singularities can make higher derivatives unbounded and invalidate standard smooth-domain estimates. It derives explicit bounds for deriva…
This paper examines how axial dislocations bend and twist thin ribbon-like crystals and how these deformations can be measured by diffraction electron microscopy. Using distortions and displacements of extinction contours, the authors derive procedures for determining local surface-normal orientatio…
This paper addresses high-voltage injection as a means of increasing particle capture and gamma-radiation intensity in betatrons and synchrotrons with energies of 30 to 300 MeV. It argues that an ultrahigh-frequency resonator is a practical injector because it can be placed close to, or inside, the …
This study examines how stereochemical differences in D-homo-equilenin, D-homo-estrone, and related isomers affect their fragmentation under electron impact mass spectrometry. The authors compare spectra of methyl ethers of D-homo-equilenin and its 14-beta isomer, as well as D-homo-estrone, its 8-al…
This study examines how chemisorbed fluorine affects the electron work function of spectrally pure iron, extending earlier work on oxygen and halogens. Contact potential differences were measured by the vibrating-capacitor method after exposing reduced and degassed iron to fluorine at room temperatu…
This paper determines the structures of the oxycoumarins xanthogalol and zosimol, obtained by saponification of the natural esters xanthogalin and zosimin from Xanthogalum purpurascens and Zosimia absinthiifolia. UV and IR spectra establish a non-fused coumarin skeleton and suggest that the fourth o…
This study examines how calcium hydroxide treatment alters coagulation structure formation in aqueous dispersions of clays relevant to drilling suspensions. Using physicochemical mechanical measurements, supplemented by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, hydrophilicity, and effective surface ar…
This paper examines the renormalization of the three-dimensional quasipotential equation for a two-particle system of equal masses, focusing on whether divergences in the quasipotential can be reduced to the familiar divergences of the scattering matrix. By relating the quasipotential to the off-she…
The paper studies a fourth-order Sturm-Liouville type boundary-value problem with continuous potential and finite endpoint limits, analyzing its eigenfunctions as entire functions of the spectral parameter. Using identities for third-order minors of the Wronskian, the author constructs a resolvent-t…
This paper reports the synthesis of water soluble carbohydrate derivatives of 4-hydroxycoumarin, motivated by the anticoagulant activity of coumarin compounds and the poor aqueous solubility of common preparations. The authors condensed 4-hydroxycoumarin with fully acetylated al-forms of D-glucose, …
This paper addresses the determination of polymer transition temperatures when materials are available as powders, for which conventional thermomechanical testing usually requires conversion to monolithic specimens and may introduce irreversible changes. The authors propose measuring deformation dir…
This study examines the dehydration of three symmetrical 2-naphthyl-substituted hydroxyglutaric acids as a route to higher fused-ring analogs of hydroxybenzfluorenones. The authors treated crude hydroxyglutaric acids with concentrated sulfuric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and phosphorus oxychloride, s…
This paper develops a power expansion method for approximate solutions of one-dimensional boundary-value problems on a finite interval. The proposed representation expresses a polynomial approximation through derivative values at both endpoints, allowing boundary conditions and the differential equa…
This paper investigates the anionic polymerization of methacrolein, addressing earlier reports that methacrolein did not polymerize under comparable conditions. Using highly purified methacrolein and tetrahydrofuran, the authors polymerized the monomer with sodium naphthalene and triphenylmethylsodi…
This study examines the use of proton NMR spectroscopy for structural analysis of natural coumarins and furocoumarins, especially for determining substituent positions in compounds where chemical methods are difficult. Spectra of a series of natural derivatives were recorded at 60 MHz in carbon tetr…
The paper addresses gradient relaxation for nonquadratic twice continuously differentiable functionals on finite-dimensional Euclidean space, under assumptions ensuring a unique stationary point and suitable behavior of level sets. It shows why standard steepest descent and stationary relaxation met…
This paper develops a theoretical description of intermolecular proton transfer in solutions, treating hydrogen bond formation as the initial stage and emphasizing the role of solvent polarization in creating a second proton potential well near the acceptor. The authors formulate a multistage kineti…
This study examines donor acceptor complexes formed between iodine and a series of organic sulfides, focusing on the relationship among heats of formation, dipole moments, and ultraviolet charge transfer bands. Heats of formation were measured by spectrometric or calorimetric titration, ultraviolet …
This paper derives relations among meson photoproduction amplitudes in a unitary-symmetry framework when a moderately strong interaction violating SU3 symmetry is included. Using U-spin decomposition of selected photon-induced reactions on protons and Sigma baryons, the authors express amplitudes th…
This paper studies boundary value problems for quasilinear elliptic systems generated by a strongly positive self-adjoint elliptic operator in a Sobolev space with homogeneous boundary conditions. Using growth and sign conditions on the nonlinear term, together with compactness properties of the inv…
This study examines the addition of nitrosyl chloride to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds bearing an alpha-methyl group and reports the synthesis of previously unknown dimers of beta-chloro-alpha-nitroso aldehydes and ketones. The authors characterize these crystalline dimers by elemental a…
This paper examines the relation between hydration and hardening in tricalcium silicate suspensions mixed with water or calcium chloride solutions. The authors measured plastic strength over time, chemically bound water, chloride binding, and X-ray diffraction changes in concentrated suspensions, co…
This paper analyzes a class of quasilinear, quasi-Maxwellian field equations for compensating gauge fields, extending earlier formulations for gravitational-inertial fields. Starting from a Lagrangian invariant under local gauge transformations, the authors derive field equations and a generalized c…
The paper studies inequalities relating norms of mixed, including fractional, derivatives of functions of several variables to norms of finite differences. It introduces functionals of maximization type and special functionals, defines maximal bodies of smoothness via weighted mixed differences, and…
The paper examines the formation and electrochemical effects of mercury sulfide films produced during anodic polarization of a hanging mercury drop electrode in dilute sodium sulfide solution. Voltammetric and current, time measurements are interpreted as evidence for layer-by-layer deposition of po…
The paper develops a random-phase approximation treatment of a weakly interacting nonideal Bose gas at temperatures from zero to the Bose-condensation temperature, using equations of motion for two-particle and one-particle Green functions. By linearizing the density response and retaining the conde…
This paper examines whether solvent-dependent changes in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpentamethylene nitroxide arise from specific hydrogen bonding rather than nonspecific solvation. EPR hyperfine splittings and g-factors were measured in several solvents and in …
This note develops a method for estimating resolvents of non-self-adjoint operators in abstract spaces, especially compact operators in Hilbert spaces, using determinant-type functions, singular numbers, and function-theoretic estimates. An auxiliary finite-dimensional lemma bounds modified determin…
