SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25456 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22540 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25456 papers
This paper describes a 2000 ampere direct-current motor-generator welding converter developed as a multi-station source for applications where alternating-current arc welding is unsuitable, particularly with basic-coated electrodes requiring stable DC arcs. The converter combines a compound-excited …
This paper examines why smokeless powder shows a sublinear dependence of burning rate on pressure at elevated pressures, unlike volatile nitroesters whose leading combustion reactions occur mainly in the gas phase. Constant-pressure bomb experiments in nitrogen at 10 to 100 atm compare smokeless pow…
This paper investigates excessive vibration in a high speed electrical converter whose operation showed elevated housing vibration, bearing failures, and increased power consumption despite careful manufacture. The authors combine analytical estimates of vibration from rotor unbalance with experimen…
This paper addresses the machining of flat surfaces on housings and covers for vertical crane and cylindrical-conical gearboxes produced in small and medium batches at the Sibtiazhmash plant. It analyzes shortcomings of the existing marked-out planing process and proposes a group machining technolog…
This paper describes the development of a group aggregate unit for boring seating holes in gearbox housings at the Krasnoyarsk Sibtyazhmash plant, where diverse gearbox types and limited production volumes made dedicated special machines economically impractical. The authors analyze standardized cen…
This paper addresses the choice of gear ratios in modular multi-spindle boring gearboxes, where using equal gear ratios simplifies manufacture but can produce large differences in cutter life among spindles. Using a gearbox boring example, it compares equal shaft speeds, equalized cutting speeds, an…
This paper examines transient behavior in individual pumping stations used in hydraulic drives and controls of metal-cutting machine tools. Using a standard experimental installation with a vane pump, overflow valves, filter arrangements, flexible hoses, pressure transducers, and a specially designe…
This paper examines inlet pressure variation in a hydraulic tracing system with a differential cylinder and single-edge spool valve, a configuration used in automated metal-cutting machine tools. It derives dimensionless static relations for system flow, spool opening, copying speed, load, and inlet…
This paper examines the use of transparent replicas for measuring surface roughness in hard-to-reach areas where direct instrumental measurement is difficult and visual comparison is unreliable. The authors evaluate domestic film materials, solvent composition, application and pressing methods, and …
This paper examines stress distribution in metal cutting using a polarization-optical, photoelastic method, addressing the difficulty of analyzing large plastic deformations by conventional plasticity theory. The authors describe a lathe-mounted optical and dynamometric apparatus and apply it to fre…
This study examines the turning of cadmium as part of a broader investigation into machinability and the cutting behavior of soft metals. Experiments on a lathe using high speed steel tools varied rake angle, feed, and cutting speed while measuring chip shrinkage, cutting forces, cutting temperature…
This paper reports an experimental study of cutting commercially pure titanium using VK4 carbide tools on a lathe over a wide range of cutting speeds and feeds. The authors measured cutting-force components, chip shrinkage, tool-chip contact length, temperature, and friction characteristics, and int…
This paper analyzes the stress state in the plastic deformation zone during metal cutting, questioning the assumption that stress and strain states necessarily correspond under complex loading. Using an elementary equilibrium model with a single shear plane, it derives relationships among normal and…
This paper examines deviations from the simple proportional form of the Amontons-Coulomb law in static friction and microshear, focusing on the constant term that may appear in the relation between tangential force and normal pressure. Through experiments on metal pairs with clean surfaces, adsorbed…
This paper investigates static preliminary microdisplacements that occur before macroscopic sliding between contacting bodies with rough surfaces. Drawing on experiments in which a relatively smooth body microdeforms a rough contact surface under controlled normal and tangential loads, it distinguis…
This study examines how notch geometry affects the fracture characteristics of gray cast iron under static axial compression, a loading condition for which notch effects had been little investigated. Using a re-equipped 100-ton testing machine with strain-gauge force and deformation recording, the a…
This paper examines the stress distribution in a cylindrical specimen compressed along its radius, a test proposed as an indirect means of determining tensile strength in brittle materials. The authors compare elastic theory for the Hertz disk with strain-gauge measurements on an organic-glass disk,…
This paper formulates the plane elasticity problem of a concentrated normal force applied to the boundary of an infinite right-angled wedge. The solution is constructed from the known half-plane concentrated-force solution by introducing an image force to cancel shear stresses on the prospective wed…
This paper examines a limitation of conventional frame-system calculation schemes that represent members only by their geometric axes and supports. It argues that when member height is taken into account, the usual equilibrium and deformation-continuity assumptions at frame joints may be violated, a…
This paper examines plastic deformation of an individual roughness protrusion modeled as an axisymmetric cone, with attention to contact spreading, friction, strain hardening, and the effect of the supporting base. Compression tests on steel cones of different angles and base configurations are comb…
The paper examines how residual strain tolerances used to define conventional yield strength in tension should be related to corresponding tolerances in shear or torsion. It reviews earlier estimates based on maximum shear stress and octahedral stress criteria, notes their limitations, and derives r…
The paper proposes a unified expression for the relation between stress and strain in isotropic materials, treating the usual laws for tension, shear, volumetric deformation, and plastic strain intensity as special cases rather than independent laws. Starting from principal stresses and strains, it …
This paper investigates stresses in plane models of tubular pressure-gauge spring cross sections using photoelasticity, motivated by the difficulty of measuring stresses directly in small springs and by the need to compare section shapes. The authors describe a simple polarization apparatus and a lo…
This study examines the poorly characterized reactions of ortho and para benzoquinonediazides with selected metal halides and related Lewis acids, including boron trifluoride, zinc chloride, cobalt chloride, and mercuric chloride. The authors prepare crystalline products in aqueous, methanolic, and …
This paper investigates experimental methods for determining stresses and deformations in Bourdon tube pressure gauge springs, focusing on flat-oval and segment-shaped cross sections of the same nominal pressure. The authors use brittle lacquer coatings to identify principal stress trajectories, enl…
This paper examines the determination of residual radial contact pressure in cold-expanded rolled tube joints, a key factor in their load-bearing capacity and difficult to calculate analytically because of the complex elastoplastic stress state. Experiments were performed on low-carbon steel tube an…
This paper examines how the initial surface cleanliness of gear teeth affects wear in gear transmissions with a large hardness difference between pinion and wheel teeth. Experiments on mining electric-drill gearbox gears compared pairs with different pre-heat-treatment tooth finishes under varied lo…
This paper examines how wear affects the bending strength of gear teeth when changes in tooth profile are taken into account, challenging calculation methods that treat worn profiles as geometrically similar to unworn involute teeth. Experimental wear studies, strength calculations, photoelastic tes…
The paper studies time-dependent radiation emerging from a homogeneous semi-infinite medium with isotropic scattering, finite mean times for absorption and free flight, and a fixed quantum survival probability. Using a Laplace-transform method that derives nonstationary solutions from corresponding …
This paper examines how the axial clearance between pump and turbine wheel blades affects the performance of a safety turbocoupling with auxiliary cavities. Experiments were conducted on a brake stand at several clearances, from 0.0035D to 0.021D, and at different oil filling levels, recording torqu…
This paper evaluates the use of ball bearing steel scrap for producing bearing ring blanks by centrifugal casting instead of the conventional route based on rolled stock and forging. It compares the two technological sequences for rings of types 208, 306, and 408, estimating metal consumption from s…
This study examines butadiene polymerization in benzene at 22°C using a catalytic system of an alcohol complex of cobalt chloride and diisobutylaluminum chloride, with attention to polymerization rate, polymer molecular weight, and their dependence on catalyst components and water. Using specially c…
This paper examines how vacuum induction melting affects gas content and nonmetallic inclusions in ShKh-15 ball-bearing steel, where cleanliness is critical for resistance to flaking, cracking, and surface wear. Experimental 10 kg heats were melted in a magnesium oxide crucible at several residual p…
This paper examines gas inleakage in a vacuum induction furnace as a factor affecting the quality of metals melted under vacuum, distinguishing external leaks from gas evolution by furnace materials. Using the IV-52 furnace as an example, it outlines a pressure rise method for estimating inleakage a…
This paper examines the production of blanking die parts from permanent-mold cast Kh12F1T steel as an alternative to forged high-chromium tool steel blanks, whose carbide banding and poor forgeability can limit die performance. Experimental melts, centrifugal chill casting, titanium modification, an…
This study examines how carbon content affects phase alloying in high-chromium, low-alloy cast high-speed steels containing tungsten, chromium, and vanadium. Three steels with different carbon levels were melted, chill cast, and analyzed in quenched, triply tempered, and annealed states using metall…
This paper develops splitting methods for solving multidimensional one-speed neutron transport equations with isotropic scattering, including both nonstationary mixed Cauchy problems and corresponding stationary boundary value problems. The authors formulate incomplete and complete operator splittin…
This study examines the combined influence of manganese and niobium on the structure, heat-treatment response, hot hardness, and cutting performance of cast R9-type high-speed steel with increased carbon content. Experimental heats with varying manganese and niobium contents were cast, heat treated,…
This study examines the effect of niobium additions on the structure, hardness, red hardness, and cutting performance of cast R9-type high-speed steel, addressing contradictory earlier findings for forged steels and the lack of data for cast material. Sixteen steels based on R9 were cast with carbon…
This paper examines ways to reduce the brittleness of cast high-speed steels, attributed mainly to a coarse continuous carbide network along grain boundaries, while preserving their favorable red hardness. The authors discuss compositional adjustment, niobium alloying, accelerated cooling, and annea…
This paper examines whether high-temperature holding near the peritectic reaction can reduce the carbide network in cast high-speed steels and improve tool properties. Using microstructural analysis of steels with varied carbon, tungsten, chromium, and vanadium contents, it considers how alloy compo…
The paper addresses the calculation of effective magnetic fields at atomic nuclei in ferromagnetic metals and alloys, where existing theory is described as insufficient for comparison with experiment. It proposes empirical relations for the fields in Fe, Co, Ni, and several ferromagnetic alloys, sep…
This paper examines dynamic buckling of a circular cylindrical shell subjected to a central longitudinal impact at its free end, with the opposite end fixed. The authors separate, in first approximation, axial elastic wave propagation from shell buckling, estimate the time dependent mean axial stres…
The paper examines a theorem of D. Stancu concerning an asymptotic expansion for bivariate Bernstein-type polynomials on the standard simplex under bounded partial derivatives of order N. It shows that the stated result is false already for N = 2 by constructing a function with bounded second partia…
This study examines whether the thermal decomposition of end-protected polyformaldehyde, usually yielding formaldehyde as the principal product, can also proceed through radical pathways rather than only ionic mechanisms. The authors propose possible radical intermediates and decomposition routes le…
The paper develops a general boundary integral representation for functions holomorphic in a bounded domain with smooth boundary in several complex variables. It introduces a differential form built from auxiliary functions satisfying nonvanishing, decomposition, and holomorphy conditions, and prove…
This study examines how pH and electrolyte concentration affect hydrogen overvoltage at a dropping gallium electrode over a pH range from 1.8 to 14. Measurements in phosphate buffer, acid, alkali, and mixed sodium sulfate solutions show normal Tafel slopes in strongly acidic and alkaline media, whil…
This study examines the use of mass spectrometry for identifying isomeric oxides of bicyclic terpenes, including alpha and beta forms of Delta3-carene oxide, camphene oxide, and beta-pinene oxide. The compounds were synthesized, purified, and analyzed mainly at 50 eV, with additional low-voltage spe…
This study examines the formation and stability conditions of uranium trioxide modifications produced by oxidation of uranium oxides, oxidation of defective alpha-UO3-x, crystallization of amorphous UO3, and thermal decomposition of uranyl hydroxide and ammonium diuranate. Phase and chemical analyse…
The study investigates how phase transitions affect proton NMR line shapes and moments in polycrystalline beryllium oxyacetate over 20 to 200 degrees Celsius, with attention to methyl group motion and intermolecular interactions. Stationary measurements showed no change in line shape or moments from…
