SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper reports an experimental study of the ignition of homogeneous explosive particles in a heated gas, using spherical barium azide particles as the principal example. The authors developed vertical and horizontal heated-tube apparatuses to measure ignition delay times and critical self-igniti…
This study examines whether block copolymers can be synthesized by mild pyrolysis of polymer mixtures through recombination of radicals formed during thermal degradation. Mixtures of nitrile rubber with epoxy resin, polyethylene with epoxy resin, and polyethylene with polyisobutylene were heated und…
Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study dioxane solutions of copper dithizonate and diphenylcarbazonate complexes, with additional observations on nickel and palladium dithizonates. The authors report reversible changes induced by slight alkalization, acidification, dilution, or addition o…
A series of ortho-hydroxyazo dyes containing carbazole, diphenylamine, or diphenyl residues was synthesized to examine structural features of 1-arylazo-2-naphthols and related naphthoic acid derivatives. The compounds were studied by polarographic reduction at a dropping mercury electrode and by inf…
This paper examines liquation phenomena in silicate melts, focusing on distinctions between microliquation and macroliquation in binary systems involving silica with calcium, strontium, and barium oxides, with additional observations in other silicate systems. Samples were melted, held above the liq…
The study examines phase relations and compound formation in the aqueous quaternary system lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, and water at 25°C. Using the isothermal solubility method, chemical analysis of equilibrium liquid and solid phases, and construction of a Gibbs-Roseboom tria…
This study examines the spontaneous formation of large oriented structures in an irregular copolymer of diethyl vinylphosphinic acid ester and acrylic acid produced by radical copolymerization. Using optical microscopy and X-ray structural analysis, alongside earlier electron-microscopic and electro…
This study examines how the position of the double bond in n-heptenes affects aromatization to toluene on a reduced alumina, chromia, potassium catalyst at 450°C. Heptene-1, heptene-2, and heptene-3 were reacted under comparable conditions, and the catalyzates were analyzed by capillary gas liquid c…
This study examines the mechanism of the reaction between benzoyl peroxide and dimethylaniline, a system relevant to vinyl polymerization initiation, with particular attention to the proposed formation of an amine ion-radical intermediate. Ultraviolet absorption spectra were measured in an ether, is…
This study examines the mechanism of toluene oxidation to benzaldehyde and carbon dioxide on copper catalysts containing molybdenum and tungsten oxide additives, using carbon-14 labeled toluene, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol under short contact times. Radiometric and material balance data indicat…
This paper develops a theory of Faradaic rectification at an electrolyte semiconductor contact, extending earlier treatments limited to metal electrodes. For a small periodic current near equilibrium, the authors model redox transfer through both the valence and conduction bands, derive expressions …
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of chloromethyl and alkoxymethyl derivatives of cyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl. Reaction of cyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl with chloromethyl ether in methylene chloride in the presence of stannic chloride gave mono- and bis-chlorome…
This study examines the polarographic reduction of a series of phosphorylated aldehydes in aqueous buffered solutions at the dropping mercury electrode. The authors show that polarographic activity is associated with the aldehyde group rather than the phosphoryl group, and interpret the reduction cu…
This paper examines the use of acid-catalyzed Michael-type addition reactions of furan aldehydes with alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes to synthesize furan-series dialdehydes of varied structures. The authors show that furan aldehydes with carbonyl groups conjugated to the furan ring do not undergo t…
Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to investigate liquid and supercooled solutions of thiocyanate complexes of pentavalent molybdenum and tungsten at 9320 MHz and at 295 and 77 K. The spectra are interpreted with isotropic and axially symmetric spin Hamiltonians, yielding g factors and hyperfi…
The study compares the reactivity of alkylcyclopropanes of different structures toward bromine addition with cleavage of the three-membered ring, using a modified Kaufmann-Halpern bromometric procedure with extended contact times at 20 °C. A series of substituted cyclopropanes was examined, and para…
This paper develops a theoretical description of the structure and capacitance of the electrical double layer at a metal, molten salt interface, motivated by the large, temperature-increasing, and often potential-symmetric capacitances observed experimentally in melts. The authors express the near-e…
This study examines the photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous isopropanol on zinc oxide and titanium dioxide under near-ultraviolet illumination in the presence of oxygen. Using a closed infrared spectroscopic reactor, the work measures acetone formation as a function of alcohol pressure, oxygen press…
This paper develops a theoretical framework for self-developing catalytic systems in which catalytic centers undergo random structural, adsorption, or chemical changes during a continuously proceeding reaction. Treating these changes as Markov-type probabilistic processes, the author derives relatio…
The study examines the reaction of bromocyanoacetic ester with aromatic aldehydes under Reformatsky conditions and compares selected cases with the Wideqvist reaction. Using benzaldehyde and substituted chloro and methoxy benzaldehydes, the authors show that the reactions give arylidenecyanoacetic e…
This study examines the electron impact fragmentation of several natural furanocoumarins, including psoralen, bergapten, isopimpinellin, imperatorin, isoimperatorin, prangenin, oxypeucedanin, and fellopterin, using mass spectrometry. Comparison with known coumarin fragmentation shows that furanocoum…
This study examines how polymer chemistry governs the interaction of macromolecules with colloidal iron particles formed electrolytically at a cathode in a two-layer bath. Using infrared spectroscopy of films and organosols, the authors compare nonpolar polymers, natural rubber and polyisobutylene, …
This study examines how exchange cations affect the hydration and hydrophilic properties of the strongly acidic sulfostyrene cation exchanger KU-2 with 4 percent divinylbenzene. Calorimetric measurements of integral and differential heats of wetting were performed for the H+, K+, Na+, and Ca2+ forms…
This paper investigates the channel effect in the detonation of explosive charges, in which detonation may cease when a free channel exists between the charge and its casing or borehole wall. Using high-speed motion-picture photography and pulsed radiography on low-density TNT, hexogen, and TNT mixt…
The study investigates photoconductivity in photographic and electrophotographic layers using a contactless microwave method at 9660 MHz, intended to avoid difficulties caused by the high resistance and instability of gelatin binders in direct-current measurements. Measurements on silver halide emul…
This study examines how the position of the double bond in 3,4-dimethylphosphacyclopentene derivatives depends on the phosphorus halide reagent and the synthetic route. Derivatives prepared from 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene with phosphorus chlorides or bromides were converted to acids, halogen anhydri…
The study examines phase relations in the spinel region of the Mg, Al, Fe, O system, focusing on solid solutions MgAl2-xFexO4 and the hydrogen reduction of MgAl0.25Fe1.75O4 at 1000 degrees C. Ceramic synthesis, quenching, gas equilibrium measurements, and X-ray diffraction were used to determine lat…
This study examines how supramolecular structure influences the ultrasonic destruction of polymer films, focusing on amorphous polyvinyl chloride and crystalline polyethylene and polypropylene. Films were irradiated in water with focused 22 kHz ultrasound, then inspected by polarization microscopy t…
This study examines how added electrolytes affect the adsorption of ionic dyes by radioactive and inactive barium sulfate precipitates, with attention to the role of surface charge produced by beta emission from sulfur-35. Radioactive BaSO4 samples of different specific activities were equilibrated …
This study examines the spectroscopic evidence and energetics of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in thiosalicylic acid, with comparison to salicylic acid, using infrared spectra of carbon tetrachloride solutions in the carbonyl and sulfhydryl stretching regions. Concentration-dependent spectra indic…
This study examines the assignment of the three dissociation constants of tetracycline antibiotics to specific functional groupings, a question left ambiguous by earlier model compound and titration studies. Using infrared spectra of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and selected der…
This study applies tin-119 Mössbauer spectroscopy to the unresolved structural problem of organic divalent tin compounds, focusing on diphenyltin and dibutyltin absorbers cooled with liquid nitrogen. Although divalent tin compounds were expected to show chemical shifts distinct from tetravalent orga…
This paper examines the distribution of unpaired electron spin density in metal ketyl radicals containing methyl groups, with emphasis on hyperconjugation as the source of observed EPR hyperfine structure. Using an LCAO molecular orbital approach, the authors model C-H hyperconjugation in di-p-tolyl…
Low-temperature heat capacities and thermodynamic functions were measured for endo- and exo-2-methyl-bicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane in the range 12 to 310 K using an adiabatic calorimeter. Numerical integration of smoothed heat-capacity curves gave entropies and enthalpy increments, and solid-phase transfo…
This paper examines the nature of the reducing particle produced during radiolysis of water and aqueous solutions, addressing whether it behaves as atomic hydrogen or as a hydrated electron, polaron-like species. The author tests predicted kinetic differences by measuring hydrogen peroxide formation…
The study examines how high dielectric constant solvents affect the thermodynamic behavior of strong electrolyte solutions, focusing on NaCl and CsCl in N-methylformamide and CsCl in formamide at 25 °C. Activity coefficients were determined mainly from electromotive force measurements with silver, s…
This study examines the structure of the p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyldiazonium cation, whose spectral behavior and stability differ from typical aryldiazonium cations. Using ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, the authors investigate p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyldiazonium borofluoride in water and acids…
This paper reports the synthesis of organosilicon compounds containing thienylenecarbon units in the main chain through the preparation and reactions of dihydridethienylenesilanes. 2,5-Di-(methylphenylsilyl)thiophene and 2,5-di-(ethylphenylsilyl)thiophene were obtained by organomagnesium synthesis f…
This paper examines intramolecular donor acceptor interaction in substituted indandione 1,3 derivatives, motivated by the differing anticoagulant activity of 2-benzyl-alpha-phenacylindandione and 2-benzylindandione. The authors compare halogenation, iodination, and alcoholysis reactions of related b…
This paper presents a thermodynamic treatment of ferrite dissociation in the case where magnetite, one solid dissociation product, forms a continuous solid solution with the initial ferrite, while the second solid product has constant composition. Using the equilibrium oxygen pressure as a function …
This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of the previously undescribed mixed nitroammine nitrosoruthenium complex diamminedinitrohydroxonitrosoruthenium, [RuNO(NO2)2(NH3)2OH], prepared from sodium tetranitrohydroxonitrosoruthenium in concentrated ammonia. Elemental, crystallo-optical, c…
The paper examines the gas phase thermal decomposition kinetics of N,N-dimethylnitroamine over approximately 180 to 260 °C using a manometric method, with attention to minimizing complications typical of condensed phase nitro compound decomposition. The reaction is found to proceed in two first orde…
This paper examines the radiation chemistry of polyisobutylene, focusing on the accumulation, structure, and reactions of free radicals formed under gamma and electron irradiation at different temperatures. Using EPR spectroscopy together with evidence from degradation products, gas evolution, doubl…
The study examines the kinetics and mechanism of reduction of aqueous potassium tetrabromopalladate(II) by carbon monoxide, a reaction relevant to palladium complex catalysis. Rates of carbon monoxide absorption and carbon dioxide evolution were measured under varied temperature, carbon monoxide pre…
This study examines the isomerization behavior of S-allylthiolactams containing five- and seven-membered rings, with attention to Claisen-type rearrangements of the N=C-S-allyl system. Heating S-allylthiopyrrolidone in chlorobenzene gave N-allylthiopyrrolidone, while heating the same compound in die…
The paper proposes a solution-based method for obtaining macrocyclic compounds from linear heterochain polymers capable of exchange reactions. The authors argue that dilution shifts the equilibrium from polymerization toward intramolecular destruction and cyclic oligomer formation, and examine this …
This paper investigates the synthesis of high-purity calcium borohydride by exchange reaction between calcium chloride and sodium borohydride, with emphasis on the solubility behavior needed to separate products and solvates. Pyridine was used as the reaction medium, followed by extraction and recry…
The study examines the equilibrium reduction of monocalcium and dicalcium ferrites by hydrogen at 900 degrees C, addressing conflicting descriptions of whether monocalcium ferrite reduction proceeds through variable or constant composition phases. Using a vacuum equilibrium method and X-ray phase an…
This study examines radiation-induced chlorination of selected organochlorosilanes and organopolysiloxanes using cobalt-60 irradiation, comparing product distributions and kinetic behavior across aliphatic and aromatic silicon compounds. Experiments on methyltrichlorosilane and dimethyldichlorosilan…
