SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
Kadyshevsky proposes a theoretical motivation for discrete space-time by treating the universal length scale associated with Fermi’s weak-interaction constant as analogous to the constants of relativity and quantum mechanics. The paper argues that a minimum interval of order this length could accoun…
This study examines how composition, temperature, and magnetic state affect the Ni K beta5 emission band in manganese, nickel alloys containing about 51 to 92 wt.% nickel. Nickel K spectra were excited by the primary method and recorded with a bent-crystal short-wavelength X-ray spectrograph, allowi…
This paper examines how the average coordination numbers of particles in binary liquid solutions vary with temperature, with particular attention to the resulting change in the amount of solvent not belonging to the nearest environment of solute particles. The authors formulate the relevant differen…
An apparatus is described for rapidly measuring the spectral distribution of photoconductivity and photo-emf in photochemically sensitive semiconductor powders under very weak exposure. Applied to powdered silver bromide and silver chloride, the method shows irreversible exposure-induced changes: th…
This paper develops general thermodynamic inequalities for reacting systems of ideal gases by analyzing the second variations of the thermodynamic potential and free energy under chemical equilibrium constraints. Using stoichiometric balance relations and characteristic matrices, it proves positive …
This paper reports measurements of the kinetic energy distributions of electrons produced by photoionization of benzene methyl derivatives, from toluene through durene, in low pressure vapor. The authors use changes in photoelectron distribution maxima with increasing photon energy to infer excitati…
This paper examines automatic correction of magnetic-field errors in high-energy cyclic accelerators as a means to reduce forced betatron oscillations, stabilize the equilibrium orbit, and permit smaller vacuum-chamber apertures. It formulates feedback schemes in which beam-position measurements are…
This study reexamines the fine structure of the Rayleigh scattering line in water in order to determine the propagation velocity of hypersonic oscillations and the intensity ratio of the central and Mandelstam-Brillouin components. Using an improved Fabry-Perot interferometer arrangement and photogr…
The paper constructs exact solutions for unsteady magnetohydrodynamic motions in which the radial velocity is proportional to radius, extending earlier pulsation models to gravitating spheres in axially symmetric magnetic fields and to rotating gas or plasma configurations. By using Lagrangian radia…
This paper analyzes a mechanism for instability in an inhomogeneous rarefied plasma placed in a strong magnetic field, distinct from previously proposed ion-sound instabilities requiring much hotter electrons than ions or a longitudinal current. Using a linearized kinetic treatment under low-frequen…
This study examines how an external electric field applied perpendicular to the surface affects the infrared luminescence of cuprous oxide. Cu2O specimens with different near-surface band bending were prepared by annealing or chemical etching, placed behind a mica dielectric with a semitransparent p…
This paper develops more explicit formulas for products of causal functions associated with strongly connected Feynman diagrams in quantum field theory. Using the incidence matrix of a diagram and Pauli-Villars regularization, it derives parametric momentum-space expressions whose characteristic det…
The paper investigates unresolved features of long spark channel development under impulse voltage in rod to plane gaps of 3.0 to 5.75 m. Using an electron optical converter synchronized with a high speed electron beam oscilloscope, the authors record optical channel growth and current pulses, ident…
This paper examines the mean hydrodynamic forces acting on a small spherical particle suspended in an acoustic field in an ideal liquid, focusing on second order effects relevant to acoustic coagulation. It develops a simplified calculation based on the momentum flux through a surface surrounding th…
This paper proposes an exactly tractable model for a crystal based on a second-quantized Hamiltonian that retains density interactions associated with the periodic reciprocal lattice. It argues that, in the thermodynamic limit, the relevant density operators commute asymptotically with particle oper…
This paper extends the collective variables method with a transition integral function to equilibrium systems containing interacting ions and permanent dipoles with noncentral Coulomb, ion, dipole, and dipole, dipole interactions. It formulates the configurational integral in Fourier collective vari…
The paper examines the scope of Dyson’s conjecture concerning the support of the weight function in the Jost, Lehmann, Dyson integral representation for causal commutators. After recalling earlier validity results for domains satisfying convexity conditions with respect to timelike curves, the autho…
This paper reports an adaptation of a phase fluorometer for measuring ultraviolet fluorescence lifetimes and applies it to benzene, methyl-substituted benzenes, naphthalene, and several related aromatic compounds in hexane and alcohol solutions. The authors describe ultraviolet excitation and spectr…
This paper investigates optical methods for determining the refractive index and transparency of transparent substances subjected to ultrahigh pressures in shock waves. Using high-speed photochronography, the authors measured light reflected from shock-wave fronts and analyzed water in detail by bot…
This paper estimates the mobility of atoms on crystal surfaces at the melting temperature, treating mobile autoadsorption as a state with two-dimensional translational motion and altered vibrational entropy. Using a bond-counting model for atoms at growth-step kinks and low-index surface layers, tog…
This paper examines how elastic relaxation stresses influence crystallization in very viscous liquids, where crystal growth may proceed faster than stress relaxation. Treating a growing nucleus as spherical and using elasticity theory together with a relaxation equation for the amorphous phase, the …
The paper analyzes the propagation of a sufficiently rarefied gas into a vacuum from a point source located on a plane boundary, assuming negligible intermolecular collisions and Maxwellian departure velocities. It formulates the particle density as a solution of an Einstein-Fokker type equation wit…
This paper analyzes how the vibrational substructure of electronically excited molecular states enters the quantum theory of Raman light scattering, especially through the sublevel contributions to polarizability matrix elements. Using the adiabatic and Condon approximations, harmonic oscillator ove…
This paper studies the resolvent of the Schrödinger operator for a three-particle system with pair interactions, after transformation to momentum variables and separation of center-of-mass motion. It develops a system of operator integral equations, related to the two-body transition operators, that…
This paper reports the growth and characterization of barium titanate based ferroelectric single crystals containing small additions of barium hafnate, prepared from a potassium fluoride flux in platinum crucibles. The authors examine dielectric permittivity, field dependent nonlinearity, bias field…
The paper examines how to construct scattering matrices for nonlocal quantum field theories while retaining the graph technique of local perturbation theory. It argues that nonlocality can be introduced by modifying chronological contractions, and hence internal lines of Feynman graphs, without chan…
This paper generalizes experimental data on the influence of heated channel length on critical heat flux during forced flow of steam, water mixtures and related fluids in tubes and annular channels. Using previously proposed dimensionless similarity criteria, the authors process data for short heate…
This study investigates surface tension at the interface between two coexisting gas phases under high pressure, using the helium, ethylene system at 13, 16, and 18 degrees Celsius. Phase compositions and densities were measured after intensive stirring, and interfacial tension was determined by a ca…
This paper examines anomalous impurity absorption in molecular crystals when an impurity excitation level lies close to the edge of a host exciton band, a regime in which the oriented-gas model is expected to fail. Using low-temperature polarized absorption spectra of ordinary naphthalene dissolved …
This paper investigates how the nature of an emitter surface affects molecular patterns observed in an electron projector during adsorption and condensation of gases and vapors. Through comparative experiments with metal, semiconductor, oxidized, crystallographically varied, and microrelief-modified…
This study examines whether antiferromagnetic ordering affects the fine structure of the manganese X-ray K-absorption edge in manganese telluride near its Néel transition. Absorption spectra were recorded photographically with a Johann focusing X-ray spectrograph at five temperatures from 280 to 325…
This paper reports microwave measurements of the surface resistance of a high-purity copper resonator in magnetic fields at 300 K, 77 K, and 4.2 K, undertaken to detect electron paramagnetic resonance in a non-alkali metal. The observed absorption maximum gave a g factor of about 2.1, and comparison…
This paper reports room temperature measurements of the relative electrical resistance of praseodymium, dysprosium, erbium, and ytterbium under pressures from 25,000 to 250,000 kg/cm², continuing earlier high pressure studies of metals. Cylindrical specimens of specified purity were examined as resi…
This paper examines the predicted anisotropy of the Mössbauer effect in noncubic crystals, where recoil-free absorption or emission depends on the direction of nuclear recoil relative to crystallographic axes. Using a lattice model with central and noncentral nearest-neighbor forces, it derives phon…
The paper investigates the decay of a previously observed approximately two-hour lutetium activity produced by irradiating tantalum with 660 MeV protons. Using a calibrated double-focusing beta spectrometer, the authors measure internal conversion lines and identify an 87.54 keV transition in the da…
This paper reexamines the theory of thermal slip of a gas along a solid surface under a tangential temperature gradient, questioning the numerical coefficient in Maxwell’s classical formula and its use in thermophoresis of aerosol particles. Using Onsager’s reciprocal relations, the authors relate t…
This paper reports a quantitative study of the anisotropic absorption of the 6125 Å exciton line in cuprous oxide at 77 K, associated with excitation of the ground exciton state. Absorption coefficients were measured for light propagation along the fourth-order and third-order symmetry axes of singl…
This paper examines whether radar echoes from clouds can be used to infer cloud liquid water content and boundaries. Using simultaneous radar and aircraft observations conducted in 1959 and 1960, the authors compare measured radar reflectivity with direct microphysical measurements and find no stabl…
The paper examines the transverse refractive index of a homogeneous magnetized plasma for waves propagating perpendicular to a constant magnetic field, with emphasis on behavior near cyclotron frequencies and their harmonics. Using the kinetic equation for Maxwellian charged particles together with …
A numerical method is proposed for treating the many-body dynamics of charged particles by returning to the relativistic equations of motion with Liénard-Wiechert interactions, using enlarged particles formed by averaging charges over small volume elements to reduce computational size. The resulting…
This paper analyzes the interaction of a weak entropy wave with a flame front, allowing for changes in flame propagation velocity caused by variations in the thermodynamic state of the combustible mixture. Using a linear gas-dynamic approximation and conservation of mass, momentum, and energy at the…
The paper formulates and solves a boundary-value problem for stationary electromagnetic waves in a spherically layered, anisotropic, dissipative medium, motivated by models such as a conducting Earth surrounded by a magneto-anisotropic ionosphere. Maxwell’s equations are reduced to an operator equat…
This study examines the spectral dependence of photoionization efficiency for gaseous benzene derivatives, including benzene, methylbenzenes, aromatic amines, and benzylamine, using a mass spectrometer coupled to a vacuum monochromator over photon energies up to 11.7 eV. Ionization-efficiency curves…
This paper proposes empirical criteria for the occurrence of superconductivity in elements, compounds, and alloys by comparing Hall constants, interatomic distances, crystal structures, and known transition temperatures. The author argues that superconductivity is associated with a sufficient concen…
This study examines changes in the electrical resistance of antimony, arsenic, and calcium under pressures extending beyond earlier measurements up to about 200,000 kg/cm². Using a high-pressure apparatus calibrated against known resistance discontinuities in several metals, the authors measured res…
This paper reports refined measurements of the optical excitation functions of selected cadmium spectral lines, focusing on the resonance line at 3261 Å and the visible triplet lines near 4687, 4800, and 5086 Å. Using an excitation tube, monochromator, and photomultiplier detection under conditions …
This paper examines the polarity and character of domain boundaries in thin ferromagnetic films, focusing on the distinction between Bloch and Néel boundary structures. Films of an Fe, Ni, Mo alloy were prepared by thermal evaporation under a magnetic field, and their domain structures were studied …
This paper examines whether ionization fluctuations in gases, which limit the resolving power of ionization measurements of nuclear particles, can be reduced by registering both ionized and excited atoms. Extending Fano’s treatment, the authors derive expressions for the fluctuation coefficient when…
The paper develops a mathematically defined treatment of point pair interactions for a three-particle quantum system by replacing singular potentials with self-adjoint extensions of a symmetric free Hamiltonian restricted by coincidence conditions. For three identical bosons after separation of the …
The paper reports a spectropolarimetric study of optical rotatory dispersion in cedrane derivatives, a class for which comparable data were not previously available. Rotatory-dispersion curves were measured in solution for cedrol, primary cedranol, isocedranol, isocedranone, alpha-cedrene, cedrenal,…
