SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
This paper extends the Zemplen theorem to shock type discontinuities in ideal magnetohydrodynamics for media of infinite conductivity and negligible dissipation. Starting from the magnetohydrodynamic jump conditions, it eliminates the tangential magnetic field to analyze the associated Hugoniot curv…
This paper proposes and demonstrates a nuclear resonance generator for continuous observation of nuclear precession in the Earth’s magnetic field, addressing the limited duration of free induction signals in existing weak-field magnetometric methods. The device uses flowing water that is first magne…
This paper reports measurements of the vapor pressures of cobalt and nickel, motivated by discrepancies among earlier Langmuir and effusion determinations and by the absence of reliable Langmuir coefficients. Using an integral effusion method with molybdenum chambers and varied orifice areas, the au…
A 90-degree mass spectrometer with an ion source allowing separate or simultaneous electron and photon ionization was used to study photoionization and photodissociation of ammonia, hydrazine, aniline, and benzylamine vapors under vacuum ultraviolet irradiation from a hydrogen lamp. The photoionizat…
The paper develops a classical field-theoretic analogy for the use of an indefinite metric in quantum field theory. It considers a physical complex field coupled to auxiliary fictitious fields, some with negative energy, and analyzes conditions under which these fields do not exchange dynamical quan…
This paper analyzes stationary adiabatic relativistic flows with one-dimensional, cylindrical, or spherical symmetry. Starting from the relativistic continuity and Bernoulli equations, it derives general relations for velocity, heat content, and radius, showing that the physical flow is defined outs…
This study examines heat transfer from vertically vibrating horizontal cylindrical heaters to viscous liquids, where ordinary free convection gives low heating rates. Experiments with fuel oil, lubricating oils, and an oil, kerosene mixture varied vibration amplitude, frequency, and root-mean-square…
This study examines internal conversion spectra of neutron deficient terbium isotopes produced by irradiating tantalum with 660 MeV protons. Time dependent measurements of conversion electron peaks and positron spectra were used to separate activities with half lives from hours to days and to assign…
A method is developed for interpreting Langmuir probe characteristics when the electron velocity distribution in a gas discharge follows the Druyvesteyn-Davydov form rather than a Maxwellian distribution. Starting from the probe current expression for an isotropic distribution, the paper derives an …
This paper examines the condition for superfluidity in a model of nuclear matter whose Hamiltonian retains interactions between pairs of particles with opposite momenta. Using a Bogolyubov canonical transformation and a variational treatment of the ground-state energy, it shows that the model ground…
This paper examines plane shock discontinuities in media whose internal energy depends on specific volume and entropy, allowing an arbitrary equation of state in which the sign of the isentropic second derivative of pressure with respect to volume may change. Using the conservation laws, entropy con…
This paper derives dispersion relations for pion production in the process pi plus nucleon to two pions plus nucleon, under a specified symmetric kinematic configuration with equal emitted pion energies. Using retarded and advanced amplitudes constrained by causality, the analysis assumes analyticit…
This paper develops the acoustic part of a theory of the ultrasonic interferometer for monatomic gases in regimes where the usual hydrodynamic approximation is not applicable. It formulates and solves a linear one-dimensional boundary-value problem in generalized hydrodynamics for a gas between two …
This paper investigates the contribution of inelastically reflected and scattered primary electrons to slow secondary electron emission from metals, and estimates the escape depth of slow secondary electrons. Using spherical-condenser measurements of total and reflected emission from thin evaporated…
This paper develops a spin-wave treatment of magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic single crystals with hexagonal symmetry, extending Dyson’s method for interacting spin waves to an anisotropic exchange Hamiltonian. The analysis formulates the partition function in terms of spin-wave states, separate…
This paper reports an emulsion chamber study of interactions of 9 BeV protons with free and quasifree nucleons in photographic emulsion. From 1308 recorded nuclear interactions, events consistent with proton-proton and proton-neutron collisions were selected using prong number, absence of evaporatio…
This paper extends the Onsager and Samaras theory of the surface tension of strong electrolyte solutions by treating multivalent asymmetric electrolytes and by accounting for a finite dielectric constant of the external medium in uni-univalent solutions. Using Debye-Hückel theory, image-force adsorp…
This paper derives approximate equations for photon scattering on nucleons using dispersion relations for Compton scattering. The authors construct a relativistically and gauge invariant decomposition of the scattering amplitude, reduce it to six independent structures under time reversal invariance…
The paper analyzes electromagnetic wave propagation in smooth irregular hollow waveguides when a local critical section is present, that is, when the longitudinal wave number of a mode vanishes. It reformulates the coupled-mode equations in variables representing sums and differences of forward and …
This paper examines nuclear paramagnetic relaxation in systems of several equivalent spin one half nuclei, addressing limitations of treating each spin as relaxing independently when relaxation is produced by pair dipole interactions. Using transition probabilities between Zeeman levels and selectio…
This paper examines whether the observed overabundance of nuclei heavier than helium in primary cosmic rays can be explained by preferential acceleration rather than by unusually high source abundances. Using Fermi’s statistical acceleration mechanism, the authors compare energy gains with ionizatio…
The paper examines a variational principle for the many-body problem of interacting Fermi particles in second quantization, using a canonical transformation that generalizes the ordinary Fock method. It derives stationarity equations for the transformed amplitudes under normalization constraints and…
This note reports an event observed in a nuclear emulsion stack exposed in the stratosphere, interpreted as the decay of a stopped heavy meson with production of a positive pion and an electron positron pair. The analysis uses track geometry, residual ranges, gap density, ionization, and multiple sc…
This paper investigates how sheet thickness affects the temperature dependence of coercive force in nickel and iron-nickel alloys, especially in the thin range where coercivity rises sharply. Coercive force was measured ballistically from minus 196 to 300 degrees Celsius for rolled and annealed spec…
This paper formulates boundary conditions for generalized hydrodynamics of a monatomic gas at a nonuniformly moving, heat-conducting boundary with partial accommodation and mixed diffuse and specular reflection. Starting from a Maxwell-type kinetic boundary condition in the frame of the moving surfa…
This paper investigates the electrons responsible for hard X-ray emission in powerful pulsed hydrogen discharges, motivated by earlier evidence that such radiation may share a mechanism with neutron emission in deuterium discharges. The authors use a discharge chamber with an axial aperture, photogr…
This paper investigates the use of transmission electron microscopy with colloid and carbon replica techniques to visualize ferroelectric domain structures beyond the resolution of optical microscopy. Replicas from etched and unetched barium titanate and Rochelle salt single crystals reveal domain r…
This paper proposes a phenomenological model of proton structure motivated by experimental indications of a nonpoint charge distribution. Treating the proton as a fixed core surrounded by a single meson cloud, the author formulates a relativistic wave equation for a spin-zero meson interacting with …
This paper examines the motion of fast polarons in polar crystals in the strong-coupling limit, with attention to velocities at which resonance with optical lattice vibrations becomes important. Using a semiclassical variational treatment with velocity-dependent trial wave functions and anharmonic d…
This paper develops a theoretical explanation for bubble formation in superheated liquids traversed by fast charged particles, addressing observed dependences of bubble density on particle velocity and liquid parameters. It estimates the radial localization of energy loss around a particle track, in…
This study examines fission products formed when lanthanum oxide is irradiated with 660 MeV protons, a case in which low fission yields are difficult to distinguish from more abundant spallation products. The authors used radiochemical separation, including anion exchange chromatography and addition…
This paper develops an electronic theory for the adhesion of two metals separated by a thin semiconducting interlayer, focusing on the electrostatic contribution produced by overlapping double layers at the metal-semiconductor boundaries. Under assumptions of one carrier type and weak ionization of …
This paper develops a band-theory description of the formation of a latent electrophotographic image in photoelectrets, using kinetic equations for electron transitions between the valence band, conduction band, and trapping levels in a sulfur single-crystal model. It argues that the electrophotogra…
This paper develops a theory of Stark broadening of spectral lines in a plasma that treats the radiating atom as perturbed by the collective electric field of many moving charged particles, rather than by successive binary encounters alone. Within a classical, random, homogeneous, and adiabatic fiel…
This paper examines the relation between permanent internal photopolarization in dielectrics and the formation of latent electrophotographic images, using polycrystalline sulfur photoelectrets and electrophotographic development by triboelectrically charged powders. It establishes an approximately l…
The paper develops an integral equation formulation for radiation transfer and radiant heat exchange in systems bounded by gray bodies and filled with an absorbing, possibly moving medium with internal heat sources. It treats both fundamental and mixed boundary formulations, establishes existence an…
The paper develops a theory of cyclotron resonance in single-crystal metal films in the regime of a sharply anomalous skin effect, focusing on how a finite film thickness modifies the surface impedance when the thickness is smaller than the electron orbit diameter. Using Maxwell’s equations and the …
This paper reports 1957 experiments at the Institute of Atomic Energy on the possible production of element 102 by irradiating plutonium-239 and plutonium-241 targets with 102 MeV oxygen-16 ions in a cyclotron. The authors describe a recoil collection and photographic emulsion method designed to det…
This paper develops a relaxation model for the amplification of shock waves passing through a combustion zone in explosive mixtures, motivated by experimental observations for benzene and air. It introduces a diffusion kinetic relaxation time comparable to the reaction time and derives expressions f…
This paper develops an approximate treatment of the quantum many-body problem for a Bose gas in the regime where the condensate population need not be large. Using a canonical transformation of Bogolyubov type, with parameters determined by minimizing the mean Hamiltonian at fixed particle number, t…
This paper reports preliminary experimental measurements of the ellipticity of polarization in light scattered by near-ground atmospheric layers, a quantity relevant to multiple scattering and to characterizing aerosol contributions. The authors used a visual polarimeter with a quarter-wave plate, W…
This paper applies Bogolyubov’s variational principle to a model Hamiltonian used in the theory of superconductivity, reformulating the pair excitation operators in terms of spin variables and reducing the problem to an Ising-like approximate Hamiltonian. By minimizing an upper bound for the free en…
The paper analyzes the phonon contribution to thermal conductivity in superconductors in the temperature range where electron, phonon interaction is an important scattering mechanism. Using the superconducting quasiparticle transformation and a kinetic equation for the phonon distribution, the autho…
This paper analyzes fluctuations of the amplitude and phase of short waves propagating through a locally isotropic turbulent medium whose turbulence intensity varies smoothly along the propagation path. Using a spectral representation of refractive-index fluctuations with a position-dependent struct…
This paper reports an optical study of polymethyl methacrylate, or plexiglas, compressed by a strong shock wave, addressing the difficulty of determining temperature and heat capacity in dense shocked solids and liquids from hydrodynamic measurements alone. Radiation from the shock front was recorde…
This paper addresses the correction required in estimating direct electron positron pair production by high energy electrons in nuclear emulsions, where bremsstrahlung photons converting near the electron track can imitate true trident events. The authors calculate the number of such pseudotrident e…
This paper investigates the temperature dependence of Faraday rotation and related microwave properties in nickel magnesium ferrites of composition Ni1-xMgxFe2O4 at a wavelength of 3.2 cm. Using a waveguide apparatus with controlled cooling and heating, the authors measured the rotation angle of the…
The paper examines the focusing of rectilinear charged-particle beams by rapidly varying electromagnetic fields, including high-frequency systems that are not reducible to static focusing by a change of reference frame. Using a nonrelativistic equation of motion and averaging over the period of the …
The paper develops a theoretical treatment of the Faraday effect for Mott excitons of relatively small radius in an isotropic semiconductor. Starting from the exciton Hamiltonian in a constant magnetic field and a monochromatic electromagnetic wave, the authors use perturbation theory in the dipole …
This paper develops a theoretical treatment of the diffusion electric potential generated by a falling electrolyte droplet whose mobile surface carries an adsorption layer of both positive and negative ions. Using electroneutrality in the bulk and at the surface, ion flux balance, and convective dif…
