SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
This paper examines how a quantum field theory can possess a vacuum that is not invariant under internal symmetry transformations, in light of Coleman’s result relating vacuum invariance to invariance of the theory. It formulates the problem using representations of the Weyl form of canonical commut…
This paper analyzes the equilibrium shape of a finite clump of diamagnetic plasma with constant isotropic pressure in the magnetic field of a two-dimensional dipole, motivated by applications to geophysical and solar chromospheric configurations. Using complex-variable methods, the magnetic boundary…
This study examines light absorption in a CaWO4:Nd3+ crystal with Na+ compensation in the 1.06 micrometer region, focusing on thermally populated transitions from the 4I11/2 level to the 4F3/2 level. Absorption spectra for polarized light were measured at 500 to 900 K using photographic photometry a…
This paper develops variational methods for estimating the electric and magnetic polarizability coefficients that characterize diffraction by a small aperture in a perfectly conducting plane screen. Starting from the corresponding electrostatic and magnetostatic boundary value problems, the authors …
The paper examines observable consequences of relativistic tensor theories of gravitation in flat space, especially cases in which the equivalence principle is not fully satisfied. Using a linear tensor-gravity action for particles interacting with gravitational and electromagnetic fields, it analyz…
This paper investigates the physical nature of bead lightning as a localized, long-lived afterglow of a discharge channel, using laboratory spark discharges in different gases, pressures, and capacitor-bank energies. Time-resolved photography, high-speed cinematography, photomultiplier measurements,…
This paper studies the radial Dirac equation with a Coulomb singularity perturbed by an integrable potential, focusing on analytic properties of the coefficient governing asymptotic behavior of its solutions. Under regularity and decay assumptions on the perturbation, it proves analytic continuation…
This paper develops an asymptotic approach for solving equations governing the Brownian motion of aerosol particles near a smooth obstacle in a gas flow, focusing on small Stokes number and large Peclet number regimes. The analysis divides the flow into outer and near-surface regions, introduces str…
This paper studies conformally flat solutions of the Einstein equations for dust-like matter, reducing the problem for metrics conformal to flat spacetime to conditions on a single scalar conformal factor. It derives compatibility equations for this factor, together with expressions for the matter d…
The paper analyzes why the sputtering coefficient of a solid target under ion bombardment initially increases with incidence angle but reaches a maximum and then decreases at grazing incidence. Using focuson theory and a scattering model that includes refraction of incident particles in the medium, …
This study examines whether ultrasound can enhance or replace mechanical expansion in a liquid-hydrogen bubble chamber for recording high-energy particle tracks. Experiments were performed in a 25 cm chamber exposed to 340 MeV negative pions, using a cylindrical focusing barium-titanate ultrasonic t…
The paper examines radiative transfer in a plane semi-infinite atmosphere whose quantum survival probability and scattering indicatrix may vary arbitrarily with optical depth. Using an expansion of the scattering indicatrix in Legendre polynomials, it presents integral expressions for the components…
This paper proposes a speculative framework for a unified theory of elementary particles based on special-relativistic space-time, pointlike world lines, and a universal ensemble of equally probable trajectories subject to topological restrictions. Drawing analogies with Edwards’s treatment of polym…
This paper examines the electric field at the cathode surface in the cathode spot of a vacuum arc and assesses the applicability of Mackeown’s collisionless space-charge equation. Using estimates of the cathode-fall thickness, particle mean free paths, and collision cross sections for electron scatt…
This paper numerically investigates ionization instability in a low-temperature magnetized plasma carrying an electric current, using a simplified two-dimensional model with constant electron temperature, constant conductivity, and no diffusion processes. The formulation couples an elliptic equation…
This paper reports optical experiments on negative dispersion of light in a neodymium-activated calcium tungstate crystal near the 1.06 micrometer transition of Nd3+, a region where ordinary absorption from the lower level is not observed because that level is nearly unpopulated. The authors use opt…
This paper applies Feynman path integrals to the numerical calculation of the helium atom energy spectrum, with emphasis on the ground state as a test case for a many-particle quantum system. The electronic action is discretized along broken-line trajectories in reduced units, the finite-dimensional…
This paper examines how the real electrical and defect structure of solid surfaces influences the formation and properties of liquid and solid boundary layers. Drawing on electron microscopic decoration studies and experiments on oriented nucleation through amorphous films, it argues that charged su…
This paper examines the applicability of Fokker Planck kinetic equations to rapid plasma processes when the random electric field has a finite correlation time. Using a simplified one-dimensional homogeneous model, the authors show that the particle velocity alone is generally a non-Markov process, …
This paper analyzes kinematic magnetohydrodynamic field amplification by a convective vortex cell intended as a simplified model for processes relevant to the solar dynamo. The induction equation is solved for an incompressible toroidal vortex with both meridional circulation and an azimuthal veloci…
This paper examines whether focused coherent laser radiation can produce electron, positron pairs from the vacuum, a quantum electrodynamic effect requiring fields near the critical Schwinger value. Using the nonlinear effective Lagrangian for slowly varying electromagnetic fields, the authors deriv…
This paper examines the kinetics of unipolar charging of highly radioactive beta-emitting aerosol particles in an external electric field, a problem relevant to electrostatic precipitation and atmospheric or industrial electric fields. The authors model a particle as an absorbing sphere emitting ele…
This paper addresses the formulation of integral conservation laws for continuous media in general relativity, where conventional treatments are complicated by nonunique energy momentum complexes and ambiguous integration in curved spacetime. Using Sedov’s variational principle, tetrad variables, an…
This paper examines the high temperature dissociation of oxygen molecules in collisions with O2 and O, addressing the inadequacy of extrapolating lower temperature rate constants to regimes above about 10,000 K. Shock tube experiments in a 10 percent O2 and 90 percent Ar mixture used ultraviolet abs…
The paper examines transformations of the Schwarzschild metric to a synchronous reference system and argues that the usual choice of the arbitrary radial function removes the horizon singularity but gives an unsatisfactory flat-space limit. It proposes choosing the function so that, when the gravita…
The paper solves the Milne boundary problem for the one-dimensional Bhatnagar, Gross, and Krook kinetic equation with an absorbing wall, motivated by dilute gas mixtures, low-temperature plasma, chemical kinetics, and neutron transport. Using a one-sided Fourier transform, the boundary condition is …
The paper proposes a numerical algorithm for scalar diffraction by a bounded body when the incident wavelength is comparable with the object size and the exterior medium may have coordinate-dependent properties. The exterior boundary-value problem with impedance conditions is reduced by introducing …
The paper examines whether crystalline ordering can occur in one-dimensional quantum systems of identical Bose or Fermi particles at nonzero temperature. Using Bogolyubov’s inequality for temperature Green’s functions, the authors derive a bound on density correlation functions near a reciprocal lat…
This paper determines the continuous transformation groups of Pauli type that leave the Dirac equations invariant when the spinor and its conjugate are treated as an eight-component system. Using Lie group methods and imposing a reality condition on the transformation matrix, it derives the maximal …
The paper studies the long-time behavior of solutions to the Schrödinger equation for a particle initially in a bound state behind an infinite potential barrier that is then replaced by a finite, sufficiently high barrier. Under regularity and compact-support assumptions on the potential, the author…
This paper examines a proposed acceleration and extraction regime for improving the energy uniformity of beams from an isochronous cyclotron without requiring extremely tight stabilization of the accelerating voltage. The authors analyze extraction near the boundary of radial stability, where the ma…
The paper develops a direct normal-wave expansion for radio-wave fields in a spherically layered isotropic dissipative medium with complex dielectric permittivity. Using spectral results for non-self-adjoint differential operators, the radial normal-wave operator is transformed to a Schrödinger-type…
This paper analyzes the asymptotic behavior of pair correlation functions near the critical point for a gas with short-range interactions, using the generating functional of correlation functions and the Ornstein-Zernike relation. It relates loss of uniqueness in the density equation to the spinodal…
This study examines whether point defects in ionic crystals are generated directly in a shock-wave front, rather than during subsequent plastic deformation in rarefaction. NaCl single crystals containing radiation-induced F centers were shock-compressed along the [100] axis, and rapid changes in opt…
The paper analyzes a dissipative instability of drift waves in dense tokamak-type plasmas caused by collisional transfer of trapped electrons into passing states. Using a quasineutral dispersion relation with Boltzmann passing electrons, cold-ion drift response, and a velocity-dependent effective co…
The paper investigates the polarization of stimulated emission in solutions of several phthalimide derivatives, focusing on how solvent viscosity affects rotational depolarization before laser generation. Using transverse pumping by the polarized second harmonic of a ruby laser and photographic pola…
The paper analyzes angular interference effects in molecular photoionization, focusing on differential photoionization cross sections for oriented hydrogen molecules. Using a plane-wave approximation for the ejected electron, molecular wave functions including covalent and ionic contributions, and a…
Experiments are reported on heat propagation along a magnetic field in a cylindrical hydrogen or argon plasma column after localized rapid heating by a nonlinear oblique magnetosonic wave. Diamagnetic, magnetic, interferometric, and electric probe measurements show that the plasma pressure perturbat…
The paper defines a broad class of finite dimensional dynamical systems of hydrodynamic type, characterized by quadratic nonlinear equations, conservation of phase volume, and a positive definite quadratic energy integral, as a framework for studying integral invariants relevant to turbulence statis…
This study examines how amorphous polymer boundary layers can retain and transmit the orienting influence of crystalline substrates during crystallization. Anthraquinone was sublimed onto NaCl and mica surfaces and onto the contact sides of separated polyvinyl chloride and nitrocellulose films prepa…
The paper examines stochastic energy pumping into nonlinear waves as an analogue of stochastic acceleration of charged particles in random fields. Using the Korteweg de Vries equation with a weak stationary random external force, it derives an evolution equation for the wave energy and shows that, f…
The paper examines statistical-physics problems in strongly elongated Bose systems, questioning claims that elongation by itself lowers the onset temperature of Bose condensation, superfluidity, or superconductivity. For an ideal Bose gas, the authors analyze particle occupation, thermodynamic funct…
This paper develops a diffraction-theoretical treatment of shadow photometric knife-edge and slit methods, in which geometrical optics predicts a linear relation between ray deflection angle and image-plane illumination. Using the Huygens-Fresnel principle for the focal plane and image plane of the …
The paper addresses measurement of the quantity of a dielectric medium distributed arbitrarily within a closed vessel, where conventional readings may depend on the shape and position of the filled region. It develops a resonant electromagnetic method in which metallic surfaces or lines form a field…
This paper analyzes the hyperfine structure of Bragg maxima in Mössbauer diffraction and compares the information obtainable from diffraction peaks with that from conventional resonance absorption. It argues that, although the energy positions of hyperfine components are governed by the same nuclear…
This paper examines how different types of intramolecular orientational motion affect proton spin-lattice magnetic relaxation in crystalline amino acids. Measurements of relaxation times over a range from 77 K to the melting point show separate low-temperature and high-temperature minima, attributed…
This paper examines the spontaneous charging of beta-active aerosol particles caused by their own electron emission. A diffusion model using the probability of ion capture by a charged spherical particle is developed to estimate the stationary positive charge, predicting that for sufficiently active…
This note formulates an inverse problem for scalar diffraction of a plane wave by a sphere whose surface admittance is expanded in Legendre polynomials with coefficients depending on the nondimensional parameter kr0. The objective is to choose these coefficients so that, in the low-frequency limit, …
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of Mn2+ and Gd3+ ions in TlAsSe2 and TlAsS2 chalcogenide glasses were studied in the 2 and 0.8 cm bands and compared with earlier 3 cm results to clarify the origin of anomalous lines with effective g factors greater than 2. The frequency dependence of the Mn2…
