SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
This paper develops a theoretical treatment of dielectric relaxation when the number of active relaxators, such as orientable dipoles or mobile ions, varies with temperature. Starting from standard Debye-type relaxation formulas, it introduces a thermally activated population of relaxators and deriv…
The study reports precision measurements of the radiation emitted in the decay of terbium-160, produced by neutron irradiation of high-purity terbium oxide. Using a double-focusing spectrometer, the authors measured the continuous beta spectrum, internal conversion electron spectrum, and photoelectr…
This paper develops an approximate microscopic theory of the phase transition in a weakly interacting nonideal Bose gas using a model Hamiltonian that retains two-index interaction terms and includes Bogolyubov’s superfluidity Hamiltonian as a limiting case. Applying a canonical Bogolyubov transform…
This paper reports an experimental study of resonance scattering of 1.37 MeV gamma quanta from the decay of sodium-24 by magnesium-24 nuclei, aimed at determining the lifetime of the first excited state of magnesium-24. Because recoil losses exceed the natural level width, the experiment uses radioa…
The paper examines whether thermionic emission from carbon particles can account for the high electron concentrations observed in rich hydrocarbon flames, emphasizing that electron recombination with positively charged particles must be included to obtain a finite equilibrium. Using a Richardson-typ…
The paper reexamines possible spin assignments for the tau meson through its decay into three charged pions, focusing on the contested exclusion of spin 2 positive parity obtained by the Dalitz method. It replaces phenomenological assumptions about pion angular momentum states with calculations from…
This paper examines how an external electric field perpendicular to a semiconductor surface may alter adsorption capacity by changing the concentration of free charge carriers at opposite surfaces. Using the electronic theory of chemisorption, the authors model an n-type semiconductor plate with acc…
The paper addresses the failure of the ordinary Fick diffusion equation near the critical point of a binary liquid system, where diffusion can become extremely slow despite appreciable concentration gradients. Starting from a flux proportional to the gradient of chemical potential, the author expand…
This paper examines the motion of a continuous medium expanding with relativistic velocities in its own weak gravitational field, using an approximate scalar gravitational potential rather than the full tensor formulation of general relativity. Starting from relativistic hydrodynamic equations for a…
This paper analyzes local reflection and scattering of electromagnetic waves in waveguides whose cross section varies slowly but may undergo a finite overall change. For a plane waveguide, the authors introduce adapted orthogonal coordinates and combine a WKB approximation with perturbation theory t…
This paper examines the nonuniformity of plastic deformation in metallic single crystals, focusing on small deformation jumps during tensile loading. Using a low-inertia, high-sensitivity apparatus, the authors recorded deformation and, in most specimens, simultaneous electrical resistance changes i…
This paper studies discontinuities of the Green function for a mixed Dirichlet problem for the two-dimensional wave equation and relates them to short-wave diffraction asymptotics for the Helmholtz Green function. Using a double-layer potential representation, the authors develop an iterative decomp…
Fast neutron induced reactions on beryllium 9 were studied for the channels Be9(n,alpha)He6 and Be9(n,t)Li7 using layered nuclear photographic emulsions containing spectrally pure beryllium powder. Two prong reaction stars were selected and analyzed through range, angle, and energy balance measureme…
This note studies dispersion relations for quantum field processes with a variable number of particles, using the double Compton effect on a nucleon as the model case and focusing on the situation in which there is no unobservable energy region. Following Bogolyubov’s method, the authors analyze ret…
This paper investigates dispersion of the speed of sound in low-viscosity liquids at hypersonic frequencies, where direct acoustic generation was not feasible. Using the fine structure of Rayleigh light scattering and Mandelstam-Brillouin frequency shifts measured with a Fabry-Perot etalon, the auth…
This paper derives an estimate for the lower limit of the explosion frequency curve in drop weight impact tests of explosives, focusing on a stamp apparatus in which the material can flow freely. Assuming that initial heating arises from plastic deformation and that explosion begins early in the col…
This paper reports an experimental test of theoretical predictions for scintillation of a terrestrial light source propagating through atmospheric turbulence. Measurements were made over flat steppe paths of 250 to 2000 m using a modulated optical source, photomultiplier receivers with variable aper…
This paper analyzes capillary rise in tubes whose radius varies with height, treating equilibrium positions through the potential energy of gravitational and surface forces and, equivalently, through the intersection of hydrostatic and capillary pressure relations. It argues that variable cross-sect…
This paper examines thermophoresis of aerosol particles in a gas flow, focusing on discrepancies between established limiting theories and deposition patterns observed in thermoprecipitators. After reviewing expressions for thermophoretic force and velocity for particles much smaller or larger than …
Monte Carlo calculations are presented for electromagnetic cascades in Ilford G-5 photographic emulsion initiated by electrons of 10^11 and 10^12 eV over depths up to 1.5 radiation lengths. The simulations use nonasymptotic cross sections for bremsstrahlung, pair production, Compton scattering, phot…
This paper examines how the magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic salts used for calibrating astatic magnetometers varies with water content. By drying selected salts to an anhydrous state, exposing them to water vapor, and measuring both weight gain and magnetic susceptibility during hydration an…
This paper describes the development and testing of an open gas microchamber for electron microscopy, designed to permit observation of objects in a gaseous medium while preserving the operating vacuum of the microscope column. The chamber used carbon coated collodion protective films and seals, all…
This paper proposes a way to improve the resolving power of an emission electron microscope by placing a plane electron mirror after the projection lens and using it as an energy filter. For a thermocathode, the author derives the electron current distribution in the image plane from the Maxwell Bol…
This paper examines whether nuclear matter can enter a superfluid state when proton-proton and neutron-neutron interactions are considered, while neutron-proton interactions are neglected. Using methods analogous to Bogolyubov’s theory of superconductivity, it formulates a model Hamiltonian for pair…
This note applies Zubarev’s method of additional variables to the statistical sum of a system of interacting particles, formulated explicitly for fermions with a two-particle central potential. After a unitary transformation, the Hamiltonian is separated into free-particle, oscillator, and interacti…
The study examines the absorption and stationary photoconductivity spectra of cadmium sulfide single crystals at 20 K, with attention to distinguishing stable short-wavelength absorption from variable impurity-related narrow-line absorption. Using polarized light, photographic photometry, and low-te…
This paper analyzes absorption of finite-amplitude sound in a relaxing medium where molecular translational energy can be transferred to internal degrees of freedom. Using Fay’s Fourier representation of a viscously smoothed sawtooth wave together with linear relaxation theory and irreversible therm…
This paper analyzes the signal-to-noise ratio in a regenerative detector used for observing nuclear paramagnetic resonance, where weak resonance signals are often limited by detector noise. Using a simple self-oscillator model with nonlinear tube characteristics, the author derives expressions for a…
This paper experimentally investigates how isolated surface imperfections affect the propagation of Rayleigh waves, a question relevant to seismology, nondestructive testing, and acoustic delay lines. Using pulsed measurements at 3 MHz on duralumin and steel rods, the study examines reflection, tran…
This note examines the assumptions needed to derive dispersion relations for pion, nucleon scattering amplitudes. Contrary to claims that the pion must be treated as an elementary local field, the argument assumes locality only for the nucleon and treats the pion as a possible bound complex, using s…
This paper develops a statistical theory for multiple production of elementary excitations in superfluid helium when a localized compound system with finite energy decays into quasiparticles. Using Fermi’s equal a priori probability approach, the author derives phase space expressions for relative d…
This study investigates how spatially stable luminous layers form in the positive column during the temporal development of pulsed hydrogen discharges. Using a cylindrical discharge tube at pressures of 2.8, 3.8, and 4.5 mm Hg and rectangular microsecond voltage pulses, the authors interrupted disch…
The paper derives general relations between absorption and emission spectra for polyatomic molecules whose spectra can be treated as modulation spectra, with electronic and vibrational states considered separable. Using equilibrium between luminescent molecules and blackbody radiation, together with…
This paper examines how wind speed affects the steepness of developing wind waves, especially the intermediate stage between the attainment of maximum steepness and the later decrease toward limiting oceanic conditions. Storm-basin experiments at approximately 7, 11, and 15 m/sec used direct photogr…
This paper analyzes the decay of transverse circulation generated by channel curvature after the flow enters a straight reach, assuming the initial circulation distribution is prescribed. Starting from the viscous incompressible flow equations with constant turbulent mixing, hydrostatic pressure, an…
The paper develops a theoretical treatment of the light regime deep within a homogeneous isotropic scattering medium, motivated by empirical regularities relevant to absorption spectroscopy of dispersed substances. Using the transport equation for the Stokes vector, it argues that in a weakly absorb…
This paper formulates a variational approximation for a many-fermion system with two-body interactions by applying a canonical linear transformation of Fermi amplitudes and minimizing the vacuum expectation value of the Hamiltonian subject to orthonormality constraints. The resulting stationarity eq…
This paper develops a thermodynamic treatment of superconductivity starting directly from the Fröhlich electron phonon Hamiltonian. Using Feynman’s operator calculus to eliminate phonon variables and applying a variational principle for the grand statistical sum, the author introduces Bogolyubov qua…
This note proposes a mechanism by which relativistic electrons can be generated when a spatially bounded quasineutral plasma clump moves through an inhomogeneous magnetic field. Using a simplified axially symmetric model and energy conservation, it argues that Lorentz forces and polarization fields …
This paper investigates ignition in homogeneous hydrogen and oxygen gas mixtures subjected to rapid adiabatic heating in a shock tube at 600 to 1400 degrees and pressures of 1 to 3 atm. Using schlieren photography, sweep recording, and piezoelectric pressure measurements, the study follows the forma…
The paper analyzes a quasi-stationary thermal regime in explosive reactions, in which heat accumulation is small compared with heat release and removal, so that the process may be treated as a sequence of near-stationary states. Starting from dimensionless nonstationary equations for thermal explosi…
This paper develops a spectrophone method for selectively determining the relaxation time of excited molecular vibrational states from measured phase shifts in an optico-acoustic receiver. It derives a direct functional relation between the phase shift and relaxation time over the full range of valu…
This paper analyzes two-particle scattering in the two-dimensional massless Thirring model with a nonlinear spinor self-interaction. The authors compute the second-order perturbative contribution to the scattering vertex, note the absence of ultraviolet divergences, and apply the renormalization-gro…
This paper analyzes the interaction of two stationary spherical bodies that emit ultrarelativistic gas flows, using an equation of state with adiabatic index 4/3 and treating the mutual pressure balance of the outflows at large separations. It derives the geometry of the interaction surface, estimat…
The paper calculates the critical current at which superconductivity disappears in thin superconducting films deposited on cylindrical substrates, using the Ginzburg-Landau macroscopic theory in which current and magnetic field enter on comparable terms. Treating sufficiently thin films as plane lay…
This paper examines whether an atomic nucleus can enter a superfluid state analogous to superconductivity in metals, focusing on weak interactions among protons or neutrons near the Fermi surface in medium and heavy nuclei. Using Bogolyubov’s variational method and a canonical transformation of Ferm…
This paper examines the photoproduction and pion-induced production of K mesons and hyperons using dispersion relations for the relevant reaction amplitudes. By choosing a coordinate system suited to these relations and analyzing the imaginary parts through intermediate-state expansions, it shows th…
This note examines dispersion relations for reactions with a variable number of particles, using double Compton scattering on a nucleon as the main example and neglecting higher order electromagnetic corrections. Starting from Bogolyubov’s causality condition and translational invariance, the retard…
This paper argues that arcs with cold metallic cathodes possess an internal instability that cannot be explained adequately by the conventional falling volt-ampere characteristic or by external-circuit negative resistance. Using observations of cathode-spot division, arc extinction, voltage pulses, …
This paper analyzes steady acoustic streaming produced by sound propagation in an absorbing medium when the acoustic Reynolds number is large and nonlinear distortion changes an initially sinusoidal wave into a sawtooth wave. Using an approximate second-order hydrodynamic treatment based on the Navi…
