SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper examines the structure of the catalyst formed from anhydrous ferric chloride and propylene oxide and its relevance to stereospecific polymerization of epoxide monomers. By decomposing the catalyst under mild conditions, analyzing elemental composition and molecular weight, and comparing i…
A gas chromatographic micromethod is presented for determining active hydrogen in organic compounds by measuring hydrogen evolved during reaction with lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran. The authors designed an apparatus combining a reaction system with a chromatograph and membrane flow swi…
This paper reports a synthetic method for dialkyl S-dialkylaminothiophosphates, compounds containing covalently linked phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms, whose earlier preparation from dialkyl S-chlorothiophosphates was hindered by formation of amine hydrochloride by-products. The authors propo…
This paper develops a thermodynamic treatment of fractionation for polydisperse linear copolymers that are heterogeneous not only in molecular weight but also in composition. Extending Flory’s polymer solution theory, it derives phase equilibrium relations for a copolymer solution separated into dil…
This study examines the acid-catalyzed interaction of toluene with phenylacetylene, extending earlier work on alkylation of aromatic compounds by acetylene derivatives. The authors tested sulfuric acid, aluminosilicate, boron fluoride etherate, and a boron fluoride, orthophosphoric acid complex, the…
This paper reports the synthesis of previously undescribed complexes of aldazines and ketazines with cuprous halides, formulated as azine compounds containing two or three equivalents of cuprous chloride, bromide, or iodide. The authors examine three preparative routes: reaction of hydrazones with c…
The study examines the reactions of benzoyl peroxide and acetylbenzoyl peroxide with diethylmercury, motivated by the role of peroxides in organometallic reaction mechanisms. Experiments were carried out without solvent under nitrogen, using excess diethylmercury at elevated temperature, and the gas…
The study examines the thermodynamic properties of the indium tellurides In2Te5, In2Te3, InTe, and In2Te in the binary indium tellurium system. Using electromotive force measurements of concentration cells across four heterogeneous phase regions, with phase identification by X-ray analysis, the auth…
This paper examines the origin of paramagnetic centers and electrical conductivity in organic systems with conjugated bonds, including polymers, molecular crystals, and donor acceptor crystals. It argues that both unpaired electrons and current carriers are associated with local charge transfer stat…
Proton nuclear relaxation in aqueous vanadyl sulfate solutions was studied by the spin echo method to clarify the strong dependence of relaxation parameters on acidity. Measurements of T1, T2, and T1/T2 during addition of nitric, perchloric, sulfuric, and oxalic acids show that increasing acid conce…
This study examines the behavior and reversibility of platinum electrodes exposed to oxygen and carbon dioxide mixtures in molten alkali carbonates. Gas concentration cells with a potassium, sodium, and lithium carbonate melt were measured at about 720 °C while varying the partial pressures of oxyge…
The study examines the reaction of sodium hexanitrocobaltate with pyridine under anhydrous and aqueous conditions in order to obtain and characterize nitropyridine complexes of cobalt. Heating the solid hexanitrocobaltate hydrate with excess anhydrous pyridine gave crystalline inner-sphere trinitrot…
This study examines the thermal stability of zirconium and hafnium tetrachlorides, tetrabromides, and tetraiodides during single impacts with a heated molybdenum surface in high vacuum, a problem relevant to separation processes for these elements. Purified tetrahalides were effused from a capillary…
This paper investigates the composition and structure of amorphin, a glycoside from fruits of Amorpha species, and its aglycone amorphigenin. Through acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, spectroscopy, oxidation, hydrogenation, and comparison with known rotenoid derivatives, the authors identify th…
The paper examines the photochemical radical addition of hydrogen sulfide to unsymmetrical fluoroolefins, principally perfluoropropylene, under moderated conditions in a perfluorinated solvent. Irradiation of perfluoropropylene with hydrogen sulfide gave two isomeric monohydroperfluoropropyl mercapt…
The crystal structure of cadmium bromide dipyridinate, CdBr2·2(C5H5N), was investigated to clarify whether substitution of ammonia by an aromatic amine changes the coordination of cadmium in cadmium halide addition compounds. X-ray diffraction data from needle-shaped orthorhombic crystals were analy…
This paper examines the applicability of established coprecipitation formulas to anomalous mixed crystals formed by nonisomorphous components, especially under conditions of crystallization from supersaturated solutions. It argues that logarithmic distribution behavior depends on the type of interac…
This study examines how the composition of peptide-forming components affects the relative rates of peptide bond synthesis in model glycine systems. The authors measured pseudo-first-order aminolysis rates of p-nitrophenyl esters of acetic acid and N-carbobenzoxy glycine peptides with ethyl esters o…
This paper examines how substituents in thiazoline heteroresidues influence the color and basicity of polymethine dyes when the substituents are not conjugated with the main chromophore. The authors synthesized a series of symmetric thiazolinocyanines and dimethinemerocyanines containing methyl or p…
This study examines how the specific radioactivity of solid potassium sulfate affects its recrystallization from saturated nitric acid solutions and the distribution of a cerium microimpurity. Potassium sulfate precipitates containing different activities of sulfur 35 and tracer cerium 141 were prep…
This paper examines the reaction of trialkylarsine oxides with electrophilic reagents, focusing on the interaction of triethylarsine oxide with alkyl iodides in benzene solution. Heating triethylarsine oxide with isopropyl iodide or isobutyl iodide gave the same crystalline product, identified by el…
The study examines how cadmium impurities modify the effect of preliminary irradiation on the subsequent thermal decomposition of silver oxalate. Samples containing varying amounts of cadmium oxalate were prepared by coprecipitation, characterized by X-ray analysis, and studied by measurements of ph…
The study examines infrared spectra of solid inner-complex uranyl compounds with several Schiff bases in the 700 to 1000 cm⁻¹ region, focusing on the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of the uranyl group. From the observed bands, the U, O force constants were calculated and used with Ba…
This study examines conditions for electrolytically isolating the intermetallic compound Ni3Al formed in multicomponent nickel-base alloys containing chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, aluminum, niobium, and titanium. Several electrolytes previously used for extracting the gamma prime phase were compar…
This study examines whether a polyester and a polyamide can undergo exchange reactions in the melt to form a polyamido ester, using polyethylene sebacinate and polyhexamethylene sebacamide as the principal system. Model experiments with acetanilide and benzyl benzoate indicated that amide and ester …
This paper applies an approximate theory of normal flame propagation for chain reactions to hydrogen chlorine mixtures, using integrated heat conduction and diffusion profiles rather than a prescribed Michelson profile. The authors derive expressions for flame velocity and chlorine atom concentratio…
This study examines the preparation and chemical behavior of metallic scandium, with emphasis on obtaining higher purity material from calcium-reduced scandium chloride products. High-vacuum sublimation in a tantalum apparatus produced compact scandium of about 99.5 wt.% purity with reduced oxygen c…
This study examines the reactions of substituted triarylchloro- and triarylbromomethanes with sodium and potassium salts of dialkylphosphorous acids, focusing on methoxy-, ethoxy-, chloro-, and bromo-substituted derivatives. The authors synthesize several triarylbromomethanes and compare reaction ou…
This study investigates the formation of free radicals during autoxidation reactions of diphenylamine and paraphenylenediamine photosensitized by chlorophyll a and pheophytin a. Using spectrophotometry and electron paramagnetic resonance, the authors irradiated purified amine solutions with red ligh…
The paper analyzes how the structure of the electrical double layer affects irreversible polarographic reduction waves of organic compounds when proton consumption occurs in the potential-determining stage. Building on Frumkin’s theory, it argues that such reductions are generally preceded by proton…
The paper develops a nonrelativistic treatment of anisotropic hyperfine splitting in electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of free radicals, relating the spin Hamiltonian to the magnetic field generated by electron spin currents. From a many-electron formulation, the authors derive expressions for…
This study examines energy transfer during the radiolysis of frozen toluene containing small additions of carbon tetrachloride, benzoyl peroxide, or carbon disulfide. Using electron paramagnetic resonance during irradiation by 1.6 MeV electrons at low temperature, the authors measured radical accumu…
This study examines the mechanism of electroreduction of divalent copper in sulfate solutions, focusing on whether monovalent copper is formed as an unstable intermediate despite the appearance of a single polarographic wave. Using a rotating disk electrode with a concentric ring, the authors measur…
This study examines the synthesis and reactivity of N,N-dialkylamino-dialkylmercaptomethanes, termed amidomercaptals, with compounds containing primary amino groups. New acyclic and cyclic dimethylformamide mercaptals were prepared, and their catalyst-free reactions with aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, a…
The study examines emulsion polymerization of alpha-methacrolein using several oxidation reduction initiating systems and an aqueous sulfurous acid polyacrolein emulsifier intended to promote polymerization in micelles. Polymerizations with potassium persulfate alone or combined with silver nitrate,…
This study examines organometallic chelate polymers as solid catalysts with properties potentially intermediate between inorganic catalysts and enzymes. Using hydrazine decomposition as the principal test reaction, and also considering dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol and formic acid, the author…
This paper examines how lattice energy and dispersion affect the reactivity of solids in decomposition and formation reactions involving complex anions, especially carbonates and sulfates. It develops thermochemical expressions linking activation energy and reaction heat to the lattice energies of i…
This paper examines how association of organolithium active centers affects the kinetics of lithium-initiated polymerization of styrene, isoprene, and butadiene in hydrocarbon media. Using optical density measurements to separate initiation from chain growth, and dilatometric rate measurements over …
The study examines whether peroxide compounds can initiate homolytic reactions between organotin compounds and alkyl halides, which are otherwise relatively inert under comparable conditions. Benzoyl peroxide was heated under nitrogen with mixtures of tetraethyltin, dimethyldiethyltin, hexaethyldist…
The study examines the polymerization of allylcyclohexane in n-heptane at 70°C under nitrogen using the catalytic system titanium tetrachloride with triisobutylaluminum. Allylcyclohexane was synthesized and purified, then polymerized in sealed ampoules and in an open system while varying catalyst ra…
This study examines the sorption of n-octane vapor by crystalline polybutylene over 50 to 115°C in order to estimate the flexibility of its polymer chains. Sorption isotherms obtained with spring balances show increasing uptake with temperature, with anomalies in the premelting region that are inter…
This paper describes a synthetic route to B-monohalogen-substituted N-dialkylborazenes and N-trialkylborazanes, compounds that were previously difficult to obtain selectively by direct reduction of boron halides. The authors reduce B-trihalogen-N-trialkylborazanes and N-dialkyl-B-dihalogenoborazenes…
The paper examines the mechanism of homogeneous free radical stereospecific polymerization of vinyl chloride in aldehyde media, a process known to yield highly crystalline syndiotactic polyvinyl chloride. On the basis of inhibition tests, ultraviolet and gamma irradiation experiments, infrared cryst…
The study examines diene syntheses of glyoxylic acid esters and their hemiacetals with 1,3-dienes as a route to 5,6-dihydro-1,2-pyran derivatives, a class of reactions previously little explored for carbonyl compounds. Butadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, and 1,3-cyclohexadiene were condensed with ethy…
This study examines whether the activity of substituted ethylenic dienophiles in diene synthesis correlates with the NMR chemical shift of the terminal hydrogen atoms at the double bond. Chemical shifts were measured or taken from literature, averaged where the two terminal hydrogens were nonequival…
The study examines the oxidation of lead selenide by oxygen between 122 and 496°C, focusing on kinetics, oxidation products, surface area, and electrical resistivity. Powdered PbSe samples were oxidized at controlled oxygen pressure, analyzed gravimetrically with torsion microbalances, characterized…
This study examines diene synthesis reactions of oxazole derivatives bearing electron-acceptor, methyl, and phenyl substituents with maleimide and, in selected cases, maleic anhydride. By comparing yields of substituted pyridinedicarboximides and partially hydrolyzed semiamides, the authors show tha…
This study investigates the light-induced sorption of hydrogen on powdered titanium dioxide using pressure measurements under controlled vacuum, illumination, and sample pretreatment conditions. Hydrogen photosorption was observed only after calcination of titanium dioxide in oxygen, proceeded irrev…
This study examines the radiation chemical stability of aqueous ammine complexes of cobalt(III) and nickel(II), a topic for which little prior data were available. Solutions of hexammine nickel chloride in 5 percent ammonia and hexammine cobalt chloride in neutral water were irradiated with cesium-1…
The paper examines the ultraviolet spectra of 2,4-dinitroaniline, 2,4-dinitrodiphenylamine, and related derivatives in order to clarify how multiple nitro, amino, and aryl substituent systems contribute to observed absorption bands. Using decomposition of molecular structures into polar chromophoric…
