SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
This paper examines consequences of a proposed twofold structure of kaons and hyperons, in which weak interactions produce only a very small mass splitting between two lambda states. The authors argue that an external electromagnetic field could induce transitions between these states through an eff…
This paper reports a study of long-lived radioactive rare earth isotopes produced by deep spallation of tantalum irradiated with 680 MeV protons in a synchrocyclotron. The authors isolated rare earth fractions chromatographically and identified activities through half-life measurements, radiation ty…
This paper reports spectroscopic measurements of the fine structure of the tritium Balmer alpha line at 6560 Å, using a cooled tritium discharge source, Fabry, Perot etalons, and photographic intensity analysis. The observed line separates into three resolved complexes whose spacings disagree with u…
This paper develops a method for deriving time correlation equations in classical many-particle systems without assuming a Markov random process. Using Bogolyubov’s chain of linked distribution functions, it introduces conditional correlation functions and formulates a hierarchy of equations with we…
This paper calculates the electrical conductivity of a nondegenerate semiconductor with a high concentration of charged impurities in a regime where the usual kinetic equation and Conwell-Weisskopf approach may fail. Using the Kubo-Tomita-Nakano relaxation-function method, the author derives conduct…
This study examines how the absorption spectra of vapors of selected aromatic organic compounds depend on concentration, with particular attention to the role of intermolecular interactions. Using absorption measurements over wide vapor pressure ranges, including long optical paths in a multiple-pas…
The study investigates the internal conversion electron spectrum associated with the decay chain Er-160 to Ho-160 to Dy-160, using a double focusing spectrometer with relative line half widths of 0.5 percent and, for many measurements, 0.3 percent. The measurements show that the observed conversion …
The paper develops a modal theory for wave propagation in smooth irregular waveguides, extending a previous method to cases where the field in each transverse section does not satisfy the same boundary condition as in the corresponding regular waveguide. For a symmetric electric wave in a circular w…
Paramagnetic resonance measurements were carried out on frozen glassy borax melts containing ferric iron, comparing a sample enriched in Fe57 with an analogous unenriched sample at 77 K and radio frequencies of 115, 240, and 430 MHz. The resonance behavior of Fe3+ in the glassy matrix is interpreted…
This paper formulates a generalized stochastic motion problem for a particle in a way that does not single out coordinate time and is therefore better suited to relativity and gravitation. The particle state is treated as a point of a finite-dimensional manifold containing space-time position and ve…
The paper develops kinetic equations for particles in a liquid that interact through prescribed pair potentials while their coupling to the solvent is represented as a Markov diffusion process. Using Bogolyubov’s hierarchy of reduced distribution functions, it derives an infinite system of equations…
This paper applies Bogolyubov’s variational principle to the Ising model of an antiferromagnet and discusses its relevance to order-disorder phenomena in binary alloys, adsorbed monolayers, and lattice gases. By dividing the lattice into two sublattices and introducing variational parameters, the au…
This paper develops a kinetic theory for the formation of the photoelectret state in sulfur, treating the stored charge as proportional to the concentration of electrons fixed at trapping levels below the conduction band. Using rate equations for optical excitation, trapping, recombination, and, whe…
The paper investigates why the photoconductivity of CdS single crystals decreases in the short-wavelength region of the intrinsic absorption band. Using stationary spectral photocurrent measurements, transient decay measurements of carrier lifetime, pulsed-light determinations of photocurrent yield,…
This paper reports a direct experimental study of stepwise excitation of mercury atoms by electron impact, motivated by the expected importance of such processes in gas discharges. Using a tube with an electron gun, controlled slow electron energies, and spectrographic and photomultiplier detection,…
The paper identifies a connection between Fermi field operators and spinor representations of an infinite-dimensional Euclidean space. Starting from the anticommutation relations for electron and positron creation and annihilation operators, it constructs Clifford-type generators and shows that fiel…
This paper reports a determination of the nuclear spin and magnetic moment of the 5.3 year radioactive isotope europium 152 from the hyperfine structure of paramagnetic resonance in powdered strontium sulfide phosphor activated with neutron irradiated europium. The authors measured the resonance spe…
This paper extends dispersion-relation methods in local quantum field theory to virtual vertex parts, focusing on the photoproduction block with an off-shell photon. It formulates the anti-Hermitian part of the virtual photoproduction amplitude, analyzes its energy regions under the assumption of no…
This paper examines isotope separation caused by differential attenuation of a mixed atomic or vapor beam passing through an electron ionization region where the resulting ions are removed. A simple model predicts that, if isotopes have similar ionization cross sections, the transmitted neutral flux…
This paper addresses the three-dimensional development of electron-photon cascade showers, focusing on angular and spatial particle distributions at the shower maximum, where analytic treatments were limited or computationally cumbersome. The authors propose a moment-based approximation in which the…
This paper investigates the nuclear isomerism of Hf-180m, focusing on the multipolarity of the 57.6 keV transition from the 1142.9 keV metastable level. Using beta spectrometry and scintillation gamma spectrometry, the authors measured L-shell internal conversion coefficients, compared conversion el…
This paper gives a quasiclassical interpretation of quantum effects in the motion of an ultrarelativistic radiating electron in a synchrotron magnetic field. Starting from classical equations for betatron and synchrotron oscillations with radiation reaction, it derives the associated damping terms a…
This paper experimentally investigates how the directional brightness distribution of limiting diffuse light in turbid absorbing media depends on the ratio of absorption to scattering coefficients, excluding the influence of the scattering indicatrix. Using colored milk and rosin media, light filter…
This paper examines whether the theory of dislocations can be tested as a theory of internal stresses around individual, unit edge dislocations, rather than only through macroscopic lattice distortions. The authors derive stress discontinuities for a horizontal row of edge dislocations, including fo…
The paper develops an algebraic formulation for the 16-dimensional matrices appearing in the wave equation of a particle with definite spin 3/2 and positive total charge. It argues that relations following from the general minimal equation are insufficient to characterize this case, and proposes add…
This paper examines how intramolecular vibrations interact with lattice vibrations in molecular crystals, using infrared absorption spectra of single crystals of barium nitrate and lead nitrate measured at room temperature and at low temperature. The authors analyze the observed absorption bands of …
This paper reports a more reliable determination of the electron affinity of sulfur atoms using surface ionization on a heated tungsten filament. Molecular beams of sodium bromide and sodium sulfide were ionized under comparable conditions, and the negative ion currents of bromine and sulfur were me…
This study examines changes in electrical resistance during very small deformation jumps associated with localized slip in cadmium and zinc single crystals under tensile loading. Using high resolution recordings of elongation and resistance, the authors compare measured resistance increments with va…
This paper develops a mathematical treatment of concentration quenching of fluorescence in viscous solutions, where molecular motion during the excited state can be neglected. Using the Hertz nearest neighbor distribution for a random molecular arrangement and assuming a quenching probability propor…
This paper extends the invariance principle of radiative transfer from semi-infinite and plane-layer media to a homogeneous medium bounded by an arbitrary convex surface, with applications to light scattering and neutron transport. Using infinitesimal translations and rotations of the medium, the au…
This paper derives a general relation connecting the absorption and luminescence spectra of complex molecules, motivated by earlier observations of mirror symmetry between absorption and emission bands. Assuming rapid thermal equilibration among vibrational sublevels in the excited electronic state …
This paper analyzes the fine structure of alpha decay in even-even nonspherical heavy nuclei, focusing on excitation of rotational levels in the daughter nucleus. Starting from the Schrödinger equation for the daughter nucleus and emitted alpha particle, it derives a quasiclassical treatment for wea…
This paper derives a hydrostatic equilibrium equation for stationary, spherically symmetric stellar systems without assuming a polytropic equation of state or a molecular gas analogy. Starting from the Boltzmann equation for a phase density depending on radius and spherical velocity components, it s…
This study examines how the cross sections for photoproduction of neutral pi mesons by bremsstrahlung gamma rays depend on nuclear mass number. Experiments at the 265 MeV synchrotron compared yields from liquid hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, aluminum, iron, copper, cadmium, and lead, using scin…
The paper examines the calculation of the photoelastic coefficient for rubber-like polymers modeled as isotropic Gaussian networks, extending earlier treatments based on freely jointed chains and fixed internal nodes. Using the Guth and James theory of Gaussian network elasticity, it derives the bir…
This paper investigates the internal conversion electron spectrum associated with the long lived europium isotopes Eu-152 and Eu-154, whose complex decay and possible rare earth contaminants had hindered reliable gamma transition identification. Using a double focusing beta spectrometer with careful…
This paper derives dispersion relations for Compton scattering of photons on nucleons, treating the leading term proportional to the square of the electromagnetic charge and retaining strong interactions in the variational derivatives. Using causal, retarded, and advanced matrix elements of the scat…
This paper proposes a shock tube method for testing high temperature gas equations of state and for estimating dissociation or ionization energies. Instead of relying only on shock wave or reflected wave measurements, the method measures the angle of an attached oblique compression shock formed on w…
This paper reports measurements of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of purified tellurium from 10 to 500 degrees, using pressed fine-crystalline samples and a flat compensation method in vacuum, with supplementary heat-capacity measurements. The conductivity decreases to a mini…
This paper addresses why measured inelastic interaction cross sections of antiprotons with nuclei at 300 to 500 MeV exceed corresponding nucleon cross sections, especially when a sharp-edged nuclear model would predict near saturation. It models antiproton absorption using geometrical optics with se…
This paper examines alpha decay among medium atomic weight elements in the neutron range N = 82 to 126, where small decay energies and competing electron capture or positron decay often hinder observation. Alpha-active isotopes were produced by irradiating erbium, ytterbium, and hafnium with 70 to 6…
The paper examines the decay of a quasistationary quantum state through the relation between the survival amplitude and the energy distribution of the initial state, emphasizing the consequences of the spectrum being bounded below. It derives dispersion relations connecting the real and imaginary pa…
This study examines the photoluminescence of thallium chloride in relation to its absorption, excitation, emission spectra, and temperature behavior. Using thin evaporated layers and several forms of TlCl phosphors, the work identifies absorption bands near 3520 and 3800 Å that increase after ultrav…
The paper investigates narrow absorption bands near the absorption edge of hexagonal CdS single crystals at 20.4 K, using polarized-light microspectroscopy on crystals of different thickness, preparation, and local quality. The authors compare spectra from different specimens and from small regions …
This paper investigates the transmission of intermediate energy ions through very thin silver foils, a range for which data beyond protons had been lacking. The authors describe a method for preparing homogeneous fine crystalline silver foils about 40 to 60 millimicrons thick, then measure energy an…
This paper examines the ordered, retrograde motion of the cathode spot of a low-pressure electric arc in a magnetic field, emphasizing the previously neglected role of the arc’s own magnetic field. It argues that superposition of the external field with the cathode spot’s self-field creates an asymm…
The paper examines the natural broadening of atomic energy levels associated with the interaction of an atom and the electromagnetic field, a question usually inferred from spectral line broadening rather than treated directly. Using the stationary Schrödinger equation for a two-level atom coupled t…
This paper reports preliminary observations of explosive showers produced by high energy cosmic particles using a nuclear emulsion chamber exposed for seven hours in the stratosphere at 27 km. From systematic examination of the emulsion, the authors identified 29 explosive showers, determined primar…
A beta spectrometer using a longitudinal uniform magnetic field is described in which spherical aberration is compensated by a transverse magnetic field varying approximately as inverse radius. The authors derive electron trajectory expressions for the combined field, use them to determine the bound…
