SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
This paper develops a method for determining time correlation functions in statistical systems with long range interactions, focusing on a plasma in statistical equilibrium without external fields and on times shorter than the mean free time. Starting from a hierarchy of equations for symmetric dist…
This paper examines how equilibrium radiation pressure can be incorporated into gas dynamic problems that are usually treated as adiabatic ideal gas motions. It argues that, when the radiation can be represented with the same effective adiabatic exponent as the gas, the standard equations and bounda…
This paper develops a theory for the force interaction of stationary spherical droplets at arbitrary separation during adiabatic phase transition at the psychrometric temperature. Using the small ratio of vapor to air density as an expansion parameter, the authors reduce the coupled hydrodynamic and…
This paper reports stratospheric measurements of the inelastic proton-proton interaction cross section for cosmic-ray protons with mean energy about 20 BeV. The experiment compared interactions in paraffin and graphite filters using counter telescopes and hodoscopic recording, applying two approache…
This paper examines whether low-voltage behavior in sulfide rectifiers can be interpreted as evidence for electron tunneling through a thin near-electrode barrier. Using cuprous sulfide pellets contacted with aluminum, magnesium, or tantalum electrodes, it compares observed current-voltage character…
This paper studies one-dimensional radial motions of an infinite self-gravitating gas cylinder with high electrical conductivity in an internal magnetic field, assuming the velocity is proportional to distance from the symmetry axis. Exact similarity-type solutions are derived for two magnetic-field…
The paper examines whether the photo-emf observed in dye-layer photocells under longitudinal illumination is caused by a barrier layer at the dye-metal contact. Using photocells with semitransparent metal electrodes and dye layers arranged on the front electrode, back electrode, or both, the authors…
The paper applies the generalized collective model to the first excited levels of axially symmetric even even nuclei in the strong coupling approximation, assuming that axial symmetry is preserved for low excitations. Starting from the rotational vibrational Hamiltonian, it derives a radial Schrödin…
This paper examines the continuous division of the cathode spot in a low-pressure mercury arc, using photographs of spot traces during ordered motion in a tangential magnetic field. The observations show branching into autonomous emission centers, their apparent mutual repulsion, dependence of branc…
This paper investigates whether neutral pion photoproduction in complex nuclei occurs throughout the nuclear volume or primarily at the surface. Using bremsstrahlung from a synchrotron at maximum energies of 265 and 200 MeV, the authors measured the yield of decay gamma rays from neutral pions produ…
This note investigates whether the bulging of a liquid interface under ultrasound is necessarily caused by radiation pressure, or whether hydrodynamic acoustic wind can produce the same effect. Using a water and transformer oil cell driven by a 24 kHz magnetostrictive source, the authors recorded th…
This paper reports experimental evidence for strong anisotropy in the even, or transverse, photomagnetic effect in germanium single crystals. Using circular disk specimens with peripheral electrodes, the authors measured the photomagnetic potential difference while varying both the angle between the…
This paper reports a stratospheric cosmic-ray measurement of the inelastic interaction cross section of protons with kinetic energies above about 7 BeV, with carbon nuclei. Using a counter telescope with graphite and lead absorbers, the authors determine the cross section by two approaches: attenuat…
A method is presented for exciting hypersonic oscillations in quartz by applying ultra-high-frequency resonance techniques rather than relying on very thin piezoelectric plates. Thick X-cut quartz plates were placed in coaxial lines or resonators driven by continuous generators tunable from 10^8 to …
The paper analyzes the propagation of a heat wave whose shape is close to spherical in a medium with thermal conductivity depending as a power of temperature and with density differing slightly from a constant. Starting from the nonlinear heat equation in spherical coordinates and the known self-sim…
This paper examines the low-temperature heat capacity of chain structures in relation to competing theoretical predictions for noninteracting polymer chains, especially linear and square-root temperature dependences. Heat capacities of polyethylene from 58 to 273 K and polyvinyl alcohol from 58 to 2…
This paper examines optical imaging systems that combine lenses with modified zone plates, termed phase plates, as a means of overcoming the energy loss, chromatic aberration, and fabrication difficulties of conventional zone plates. It derives the form and focal properties of such plates, analyzes …
This paper reports a coincidence method for determining differential cross sections of elastic scattering of 14.8 MeV neutrons. Neutrons from the D2(T,n)He4 reaction were tagged by correlated alpha particles, scattered from cylindrical Pb, Sn, Fe, Al, and C targets, and detected with a liquid scinti…
This study investigates proton spin lattice relaxation in mixed H2O and D2O solutions containing paramagnetic ions, using measurements of the longitudinal relaxation time T1 while varying the proton concentration by isotopic substitution. Solutions of manganese, chromium, copper, and cobalt salts sh…
The paper analyzes the steady temperature of a flat plate in a laminar boundary layer of a reacting gas mixture undergoing dissociation, with particular attention to a heterogeneous reaction in the diffusion regime. Using the Dorodnitsyn transformation, a linear temperature dependence of viscosity, …
This paper proposes a simplified calculation of the temperature dependence of the vibrational heat capacity of monatomic solids using a frequency distribution closer to a Gaussian form than the Debye parabolic spectrum. The author approximates the distribution by an exponential law with a power fact…
This paper develops a theory of diffusion oscillations in gas-discharge plasma using coupled diffusion equations for electrons and ions, Poisson’s equation, and an electron energy equation. By linearizing the equations for one-dimensional perturbations, it derives general and limiting dispersion rel…
This paper reconsiders the relativistically invariant wave equation for a charged spin one half particle whose magnetic moment differs from the Dirac value. Starting from the nonrelativistic Pauli equation with an anomalous magnetic moment, it reformulates the spinor description using real spinors a…
The paper investigates the photoconductivity of violanthrone and pyranthrone layers prepared by rubbing dye powders onto quartz, contrasting these layers with previously studied sublimed films whose absorption spectra may have been altered by repeated sublimation. Measurements of dark conductivity, …
This paper derives general relations for the contours of absorption and luminescence bands of complex molecules whose spectra exhibit Levshin mirror symmetry. Combining a universal relation between luminescence power and absorption coefficient with the mirror symmetry condition, the authors obtain e…
This paper gives a unified hydrodynamic treatment of small oscillations in a homogeneous two component plasma in an external magnetic field, for arbitrary propagation direction and wavelength under an ideal gas pressure approximation. Starting from linearized electron and ion equations coupled to Ma…
This paper reports preliminary experimental results on high-energy nucleon interactions with nuclei in photographic emulsion, motivated by the lack of a satisfactory theory for particle production at energies of about 10^11 to 10^13 eV. Seven particle jets observed in an Ilford G-5 emulsion stack ex…
This paper investigates how the yield of shower particles in cosmic-ray nuclear disintegrations depends on the atomic number of the target nucleus. Using multilayer photographic plates with embedded aluminum and tungsten threads exposed in the stratosphere, the study compares stars formed in light a…
This paper extends polarization analysis of luminescence to cases in which the absorption and emission oscillators are not parallel. It derives expressions for the observed degree of polarization as a function of the angle between oscillators and the observation geometry for electric dipole, electri…
Cosmic-ray proton interactions with lead nuclei at energies of about 10 BeV were studied at 9000 m altitude using a Wilson chamber in a 9200 oersted magnetic field. From 38 selected electron-nuclear showers initiated by single charged particles, the authors measured particle multiplicities, momenta,…
This paper develops an approximate treatment of the diffusion of identical charged particles in a homogeneous, time independent medium subject to a homogeneous electromagnetic field. Starting from an integral equation for the transition probability of particles that may scatter, be absorbed, or gene…
This paper reports an experimental study of positive pion production by 308 MeV negative pions incident on a carbon target, motivated by questions about pion interactions near the meson production threshold. The authors used a synchrocyclotron pion beam, a graphite target, and photographic emulsions…
This paper investigates the mechanism of slip band formation in compressed single crystals of cesium bromide, with comparison to earlier observations in cesium iodide and thallium halide crystals. Using polarized-light microscopy and localized Laue X-ray diffraction on sectioned specimens, the autho…
This paper solves the electrostatic problem of free charge distribution on a thin conducting paraboloidal segment, a case for which few exact results were previously available. Using paraboloidal coordinates, the potential is represented by Bessel function integrals, reducing the boundary conditions…
This paper reexamines the energy sources involved in the thermal excitation of sound in a moving gas, challenging the assumption that heat release alone maintains acoustic oscillations. Using conservation of energy for a one-dimensional flow through a localized heat-supply region, it decomposes the …
This paper examines the use of polarized fluorescence to estimate effective molecular volumes in viscous solutions and to assess whether such measurements can reveal solvation shells. The authors measured limiting fluorescence polarization and lifetimes for nine organic luminophores, including phtha…
This paper examines whether variability in the Sun’s magnetic fields can account for the high temperature of the solar corona. It combines observational arguments for variable general and local solar magnetic fields with order of magnitude estimates of magnetic energy, damping times, magnetohydrodyn…
This paper reports a method for measuring total neutron cross sections at 14.8 MeV using coincidences between neutrons and alpha particles from the D2(T,n)He4 reaction. A narrow beam of correlated neutrons was selected by registering monochromatic alpha particles, reducing background contributions, …
The paper develops a quantitative treatment of latent photographic image formation in nuclear emulsions by relating the observed track density of ionizing particles to the probability that a struck silver halide crystal becomes developable. It extends Zhdanov’s track density formula by introducing a…
This paper calculates the effective cross section for transfer, or stripping, of a mu meson from a proton to a deuteron, a process central to the deuterium concentration dependence of muon catalysis in the reaction between hydrogen and deuterium. The author formulates the three-body proton, deuteron…
This paper reports the observation of infrared luminescence from uranium-doped alkaline-earth fluoride single crystals grown under strongly reducing conditions, challenging the view that uranium luminescence is confined to hexavalent uranyl compounds. Absorption and emission spectra of CaF2, SrF2, a…
This note proves the existence of an infinite sequence of eigenvalues for a many-particle Schrödinger operator in Euclidean space with attractive Coulomb terms to a fixed center and repulsive pair interactions. Under the condition that each attractive coefficient exceeds the sum of the corresponding…
This study investigates atoms and radicals formed in a glow discharge in water vapor, with emphasis on the possible presence of oxygen atoms alongside hydrogen atoms and free hydroxyl. The authors used a specially designed mass spectrometer with a modulated molecular beam to reduce background and wa…
This paper develops a theory of long-range interactions between evaporating or growing aerosol droplets, extending an earlier isothermal diffusion treatment by including heat transfer accompanying phase transitions. Using linearized hydrodynamic, diffusion, and thermal equations with quasi-stationar…
This paper develops a group-theoretical apparatus for relating ordinary Minkowski space to isotopic space by treating isotopic spin and charge-group invariants as internal degrees of freedom in generalized first-order wave equations. It classifies equations invariant under rotations, reflections, an…
This paper describes a simple oscilloscope method for observing the increased magnetic viscosity of ferrites at low temperatures. A toroidal ferrite specimen with high initial permeability is fitted with magnetizing and measuring windings, and its hysteresis loops are compared at room temperature an…
This paper develops a field-theoretic method for computing equilibrium quantum distribution functions for a one-component nonrelativistic Bose gas with pair interactions. The generating functional of the distribution functions is transformed by a Gaussian auxiliary field, reducing the interacting pr…
This study examines the visible absorption spectra of seven solid tetravalent uranium compounds at liquid nitrogen temperature, with the aim of assessing whether their spectral structure can be interpreted in terms of 5f electron transitions analogous to those in lanthanoid compounds. Low-temperatur…
This paper derives formulas for the diffusional deposition of aerosol particles on a circular cylinder placed perpendicular to a flow, focusing on the limiting case of small capture coefficients. Using the convective diffusion equation and Levich’s method in streamline coordinates, the author obtain…
