SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 2226 papers in Physics
This paper investigates diffuse X-ray scattering in AlAg single crystals containing 20 and 40 wt.% silver during the zone stage of aging. Using the crystal-rotation method after quenching and short tempering, the authors reconstruct diffuse-scattering regions near multiple reciprocal-lattice nodes a…
The paper calculates the angular and spectral radiation of a relativistic electron-positron pair moving through the atmosphere while undergoing multiple scattering in the presence of the Earth’s magnetic field. It derives averaged expressions for two linear polarizations, including separate particle…
This paper examines vibrational relaxation in collisions of two diatomic molecules modeled as harmonic oscillators with close but not necessarily identical frequencies. By retaining quasiresonant one-quantum exchange terms while neglecting strongly adiabatic single-molecule and two-quantum transitio…
This paper studies local smoothness, differentiability, and singular behavior of generalized solutions to an inhomogeneous one-speed transport equation in a bounded three-dimensional domain decomposed into finitely many subdomains with piecewise smooth interfaces. Using integral representations alon…
This paper examines the coordinate-space representation of the pairing interaction used in the superfluid model of the nucleus, where pairing is introduced between nucleons in the last unfilled shell. Starting from the second-quantized Hamiltonian, it derives the corresponding configuration-space ke…
This paper derives a quantum statistical expression for the spin diffusion coefficient in spin systems treated as weakly interacting subsystems, such as Zeeman, dipole, or exchange reservoirs. Using Zubarev’s nonequilibrium statistical operator in the high temperature approximation, the authors form…
This paper studies the motion of a centrally symmetric medium with velocities close to the speed of light within general relativity. Starting from the relativistic hydrodynamic and field equations, it assumes an ultrarelativistic equation of state and expands for small deviations from light speed, i…
This paper examines whether ion-induced amorphization of crystals can be used to assess the relative importance of cascade and focused-collision mechanisms in cathode sputtering. The authors argue that comparing sputtering from crystalline and amorphous phases of the same substance offers a relative…
This paper studies the gravitational stability of spherically symmetric stationary solutions of the collisionless dust cloud equations, with distribution functions depending on particle energy and satisfying a monotonicity condition. The authors formulate the linearized problem through a self-adjoin…
This paper studies self-similar nonlinear waves in an ultrarelativistic ideal gas with equation of state energy density equal to three times the pressure, under spherical and cylindrical symmetry. The Cauchy problem is reduced to an ordinary differential equation for the dimensionless velocity, with…
This paper analyzes inviscid flows of a dissociating homonuclear diatomic gas when local thermodynamic equilibrium is not assumed. It formulates the governing equations with finite dissociation and recombination rates, derives frozen and equilibrium sound speeds, and examines one-dimensional steady …
This paper addresses the need for photographic materials with higher resolving power and suitable laser sensitivity for holographic recording. The authors describe the development of a high resolution silver halide emulsion, IAE-1, with microcrystals averaging about 250 Å, and evaluate it against th…
This paper investigates nonequilibrium processes behind strong shock waves in nitrogen and air, with attention to vibrational excitation, dissociation, and associated changes in refractive index. Using a shock tube and a quantitative shadow photoelectric method, the authors determine gradients of re…
This paper reexamines the pressure assigned to the polymorphic transformation in iron, a commonly used reference point for calibrating high-pressure apparatus. The authors compare earlier pressure scales and prior measurements, then measure the room-temperature electrical resistance of high-purity c…
This paper reports a study of the Hall effect and longitudinal and transverse galvanomagnetic effects in thin polycrystalline nickel copper alloy films at room temperature. The authors introduce a method for producing mechanically reliable, temperature resistant ohmic contacts by combining glued mul…
This paper studies octupole excited states in deformed even-even nuclei with mass numbers 150 to 176 within the superfluid nuclear model using approximate second quantization. The calculations employ single-particle energies and wave functions from the Saxon-Woods potential, include pairing and octu…
This paper reports measurements of high-frequency plasma noise during turbulent heating by a direct discharge current, motivated by theories that attribute anomalous plasma resistance to ion-acoustic current instability. Because the expected ion-acoustic wavelengths are too small for reliable Langmu…
This study examines how the absolute attenuation coefficient of continuous laser radiation in aqueous fogs depends on droplet concentration and size. Experiments in an artificial fog chamber combined laser transmission measurements at wavelengths of 0.63, 1.15, and 3.39 micrometers with automated ph…
This paper reports experiments on magnetostrictional instability in a parametron using a thin uniaxial magnetic film deposited on a glass substrate as the nonlinear element. Under rigid parametric excitation at an 11 MHz pump frequency, the authors varied the bias and pump fields and the film orient…
The paper addresses diagnostics of dense, low temperature plasma by analyzing the frequency shift and half width of satellites in the laser light scattering spectrum, where collective electron effects make integral intensity methods unsuitable. It develops a graphical procedure based on the full sca…
This study examines how cobalt affects the electron paramagnetic resonance signals of Cu2+, VO2+, Mn2+, and W5+ ions in borate, silicate, and phosphate oxide glasses at liquid nitrogen temperature. Measurements show that even small Co additions can strongly reduce the EPR intensity of these ions whe…
This paper investigates weak components of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum previously attributed to nitrogen-related centers in natural diamond, testing whether they arise from substitutional ions at tetrahedral carbon sites. By examining variety II diamond samples, the authors observe …
This paper analyzes stimulated combination scattering of light by surface waves at the boundary between two media, including capillary, gravitational, and Rayleigh waves. Using electromagnetic boundary conditions and the linearized motion of an incompressible fluid surface, the authors derive scatte…
This paper examines how the initial energy of incident ions affects the relative intensity of double-scattering peaks in energy distributions of ions scattered by crystal surfaces. Argon ions with energies from 10 to 20 keV were scattered from the (100) face of a copper crystal under different grazi…
This paper examines the generation of surface waves when an acoustic plane wave is scattered by a statistically rough interface between two liquid media. Using a perturbation approach modified to include attenuation of waves initially scattered in grazing directions, it derives effective boundary im…
This paper develops a coordinate-free treatment of elastic wave propagation in piezoelectric crystals of arbitrary symmetry. Starting from the piezoelectric constitutive equations and the quasistatic electrodynamic approximation, it rewrites the Green-Christoffel equation as the ordinary elastic ten…
The paper develops a parametrized form of perturbation theory for degenerate quantum levels whose unperturbed Hamiltonian is invariant under a simply reducible symmetry group. Using irreducible tensor operators, Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, and the Wigner-Eckart theorem, it rewrites the equivalent H…
This paper investigates the maximum energy and intensity of beta particles undergoing multiple backscattering from targets with different atomic numbers, motivated by applications in compositional analysis and coating-thickness measurement. Using a thallium-204 beta source, an end-window counter, an…
An approximate method is proposed for determining the wavelength-dependent refractive indices and absorption indices of dye molecules, quantities that are difficult to measure directly in dye films. The method treats dye molecules or aggregates as small spherical particles in a nonabsorbing solvent,…
This paper studies nonlinear problems in antenna synthesis, focusing on determining a current distribution from a prescribed bearing characteristic satisfying a nonlinear integral equation involving shifted squared Fourier transforms. It proves uniqueness of the solution in the class of square integ…
This paper reports experiments on low-frequency plasma noise during turbulent current heating in the toroidal device Vikhr-2, focusing on oscillations at and below the ion plasma frequency. Using electric and magnetic probes, millimeter-wave combination scattering, and modulation analysis of the pla…
This paper analyzes the spectral composition of induced radiation generated in a laser resonator with frequency-dependent losses. Using stationary rate equations for photon populations and inverted population density, the authors derive conditions for the number of oscillating modes when the resonat…
This paper experimentally tests predictions of a chain model for scattering of medium energy ions by crystal surfaces, focusing on argon ions incident on the copper (100) face with the [110] atomic chain in the scattering plane. Energy distributions of scattered 30 keV ions were measured at several …
This paper examines an apparent paradox in plasma diffusion in axially symmetric toroidal magnetic traps, where rarefied plasma calculations suggested nonambipolar self-diffusion and diffusion coefficients depending on like-particle collision frequencies. Using the drift kinetic equation, conservati…
This paper reformulates Tolman’s problem for pressureless dust matter in a centrally symmetric reference system attached to a stationary central observer, rather than in the usual comoving coordinates. Starting from relativistic hydrodynamic equations, it derives expressions for the velocity, specif…
This paper examines the little used phenomenon of double reflection in optically anisotropic crystals and proposes its application to polarizers and electro-optic light modulators. Using generalized Cotton-type prisms, the authors give calculation relations for ray splitting under total internal ref…
The paper analyzes nonstationary axisymmetric heat conduction in a two-layer infinite coaxial cylinder with ideal thermal contact and different thermal properties in the two regions. By separation of variables, the problem is reduced to a Bessel-function eigenvalue equation, and approximate formulas…
This study examines how a pulsed electric field applied synchronously with a light flash affects latent photographic image formation in silver halide emulsion microcrystals. Experiments used unsupported emulsion layers with controlled crystal size and varied electron trap structures produced by sulf…
This paper proposes a type of chemical laser in which stimulated electronic transitions occur directly during the contact of unexcited reacting gas molecules, so that the radiative transition itself constitutes the elementary chemical reaction. Using order of magnitude estimates for molecular contac…
Yttrium aluminate crystals activated with neodymium ions were synthesized from the melt and examined as potential active media for optical quantum generators. Single crystals of good optical quality containing 1.5 and 3 wt.% Nd3+ were identified by X-ray analysis as the YAlO3 phase, and their absorp…
This paper investigates the photomagnetic effect in anomalous photovoltaic cadmium telluride films, treated as systems containing large numbers of microscopic p-n junctions. The authors compare simplified junction-chain models with measurements made under constant illumination and an alternating mag…
This paper applies Zubarev’s nonequilibrium statistical operator method to irreversible processes in which interacting subsystems exchange only small amounts of energy, so that the distribution may be treated as locally Gibbsian on isoenergetic surfaces. A general set of kinetic equations is derived…
This paper examines pressure-induced changes in the electrical resistance of rubidium, cesium, and calcium, with emphasis on their use as reference points for high-pressure calibration. Using modified three-stage and four-stage high-pressure apparatuses calibrated with known transitions, the authors…
This paper addresses the stationary motion of a charged particle beam in an axisymmetric external electromagnetic field while accounting for the beam’s own space charge. A self-consistent formulation couples particle trajectory equations with Poisson’s equation for the electric potential, and an ite…
This study examines the range of optical thicknesses over which Bouguer’s law remains applicable for laser radiation propagating through water fog, taking into account forward and multiple scattering recorded by a finite aperture receiver. Experiments in an artificial fog chamber compared simultaneo…
A microscopic formulation of the direct Josephson effect is developed for two identical superconductors separated by a potential barrier. Starting from Gor'kov Matsubara equations in a basis of one-particle states in the barrier field, the authors introduce a time-like representation that averages o…
This paper reports low-temperature electrical resistance measurements on lutetium films condensed onto glass substrates cooled by liquid helium, with film thicknesses from about 300 to 8000 Å and with measurements before and after annealing. All investigated films showed a distinct resistance minimu…
The study investigates charge accumulation in liquid-phase epitaxial gallium arsenide emitting p-n structures doped with silicon in both regions. Using pulsed excitation at room temperature, the authors recorded current, voltage, and luminescence pulses, examined the emission region and spectrum, an…
The paper examines the possibility of direct acceleration of charged particles by energy stored in an inverted paramagnetic medium. It formulates a self-consistent electrodynamic model for a modulated current passing through such a medium near magnetic resonance, derives nonlinear equations for the …
