SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
The paper examines technical schemes for using general-purpose digital computers in speech-signal analysis and argues that common approaches are constrained by memory capacity, input bandwidth, verification difficulties, hardware specialization, and machine-time costs. It criticizes both direct inpu…
This paper develops an approximate engineering calculation procedure for a low-frequency two-frequency inductive parametron excited from a 50 Hz source without a dc component in the excitation current. Based on experimental studies over varied core dimensions, winding data, capacitances, load resist…
This paper develops a semi-experimental method for determining plane stresses in the plastic region using an electronic digital computer. Starting from hardness and transverse strain measurements on a grid, the authors formulate finite-difference procedures for integrating equilibrium equations, fir…
This paper reports an experimental study of tape permalloy magnetic cores as memory elements for measuring, storing, and reproducing time intervals. A 79NM permalloy tape core with two 1800 turn windings was tested in a pulse generator and multivibrator circuit, where magnetization and demagnetizati…
This paper examines technical implementations of the autocorrelation principle for detecting periodic components in feedback signals of automatic control systems. It contrasts standard analog correlators using delay, multiplication, and integration with simpler pulse autocorrelators based on delay l…
This paper analyzes the dynamic behavior of gamma radiation dose rate sensors used in automatic regulation systems for betatron radiation, comparing scintillation and ionization approaches for pulsed sources. It discusses the response of photomultiplier based scintillation sensors, including scintil…
The paper discusses limitations of search-type extremal control systems for betatron installations, where disturbances can shift extremal characteristics and prevent reliable tracking of the optimum. It considers a searchless combined control approach based on pattern recognition, using random varia…
This paper examines how amplitude-phase errors in limiters, mixers, and single-channel paths affect measurement accuracy in digital phase meter frequency-converter schemes intended for wide dynamic ranges. It compares three circuit variants using cross switching, double cross switching, and switchin…
This paper proposes an electromechanical commutator for single-channel phasemeters intended to reduce parasitic feedthrough when switching high-frequency input signals directly at the instrument input. The authors analyze a relay-contact switching link using equivalent T-network models for its close…
This paper investigates how elastic tensile stresses affect the second harmonic of a high-frequency magnetic field in ferromagnetic wire samples subjected simultaneously to parallel low-frequency and high-frequency fields. Experiments on piano steel, nickel, nichrome, and other wires measured change…
This paper describes a device for direct measurement of the magnetic field fall-off index in betatrons, intended to simplify accelerator magnet adjustment and reduce the errors associated with indirect determination from field profiles. The instrument uses a three-coil probe, thermistor bridge compe…
This paper proposes a compact temperature stabilizer for precision measuring equipment that replaces the relay used in earlier thermistor thermostat circuits with a self-oscillating amplifier and bridge feedback arrangement. The authors describe the operating principle: bridge unbalance caused by a …
This paper analyzes errors in measuring dynamic coercive force from the time interval between zero crossings of magnetic-field strength and magnetic flux when the magnetizing current is not sinusoidal. The authors derive relations for a current containing a small third harmonic, examine the dependen…
The paper describes a nondestructive electromagnetic instrument developed to measure the hardness of steel pressure-gauge springs, replacing selective Rockwell and Vickers testing that was slow and destructive. The device uses paired through-type transducers with differential measuring windings, com…
This paper examines electromagnetic methods for assessing the hardness of ferromagnetic pressure-gauge springs, where direct determination of conductivity, permeability, and coercive force is complicated by spring geometry and dimensional variation. The authors describe experiments using a different…
This paper describes the development of an electromagnetic device for localizing foreign metallic objects in living tissue before and during surgery, addressing limitations of X-ray localization and earlier electromagnetic probes. The authors experimentally optimize an eddy-current sensor with a sur…
This paper discusses alternating-current coercimeters as an alternative to direct-current instruments for electromagnetic quality control of ferromagnetic products, especially large parts and surface layers where local magnetization is required. It outlines the operating principle based on comparing…
This paper examines eddy-current monitoring of the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the voltage phase of a two-winding surface-mounted sensor rather than the modulus of sensor impedance. It argues that phase-based measurement can reduce errors caused by nonconducting gaps between …
This paper describes a comparison instrument for direct measurement of the form factor of a voltage waveform in AC circuits, intended to avoid shortcomings of earlier rectifier based arrangements. The proposed circuit compares the rectified average value of the measured voltage with the thermoelectr…
The paper addresses the need for instruments that directly measure the form factor of current, voltage, magnetic flux, and related curves, since existing indirect methods and distortion meters are cumbersome or insufficiently accurate for many electrical and magnetic measurements. It argues that acc…
This paper develops a theoretical treatment of electromagnetic energy losses in a cylindrical conducting workpiece inspected by a slot-type eddy-current sensor. Under assumptions of a homogeneous gap field and a rectangular magnetic-core pole geometry, the authors solve wave equations for vector pot…
This paper addresses discrepancies in the theory of slot-type eddy-current sensors with annular magnetic cores, focusing on electromagnetic energy losses that become significant at high frequencies. It models the sensor winding as an infinitely long turn under sinusoidal excitation, solves the elect…
This paper examines when interpolation can be used to estimate very small frequency distortions in passive three-terminal networks, especially resistance dividers used in calibration equipment. It argues that assuming distortions are proportional to the square of frequency is justified for aperiodic…
This paper reports an experimental study of a photoelectric measuring converter using special low-power incandescent lamps paired with KDFM silicon photodiodes as the light-sensitive element. Motivated by the limited long-term stability of available photoresistors, the authors examine current-voltag…
This paper examines the suitability of several silicon Zener diode types for pulse limiting in measuring and pulse circuits, focusing on the knee region of the reverse current voltage characteristic, temperature dependence, dynamic resistance, and intrinsic noise. Using stabilized measurement circui…
This paper proposes a phenomenological treatment of transient electrical processes in metal, semiconductor or dielectric, metal structures, intended to avoid the complexity of full Poisson, continuity, and kinetic equation formulations. In a first approximation, the analysis assumes contact-controll…
This paper examines low-frequency distortion correction in a two-stage direct-coupled transistor amplifier intended for measuring-amplifier applications. It argues that the emitter circuits of the two stages need not be treated independently: the gain reduction caused by the first-stage emitter netw…
This article analyzes the use of a negative-resistance converter, operating as a “negative” capacitance, for correcting the frequency and phase response of an amplifier stage. Using an equivalent circuit model, it derives the stage gain and effective impedance for a load formed by an active two-term…
This paper discusses the development of hybrid printed RF amplifiers using tunnel diodes, focusing on practical difficulties caused by parasitic reactive effects and tuning constraints in printed microwave structures. It proposes modeling principles based on close structural correspondence to the in…
This paper examines miniature rod vacuum tubes as measuring saturation diodes for low frequency current and voltage comparison, motivated by limits of photoelectric converters using incandescent lamps. Experimental volt ampere, dynamic, and stability measurements were made on several tube types, wit…
The paper describes a broadband level indicator intended for evaluating the frequency error of balanced voltage dividers and attenuation networks, where existing detector and thermistor instruments were limited by sensitivity, noise, temperature effects, and frequency error from stepped dividers. Th…
This paper examines the design and error sources of a precision phase indicator intended to detect deviations from a 90 degree phase shift between two alternating voltages. The proposed instrument uses identical amplifiers, a transformer sum and difference circuit, and photoelectric converters with …
The paper describes the design and evaluation of a GK-5 high-frequency standard generator-calibrator intended for verification of digital AC measuring instruments requiring higher accuracy than existing calibrators provided. Its main technical approach is to combine amplitude stabilization and volta…
This paper examines the use of active notch filters for amplitude compression in measurements of very small nonlinear distortion, where available distortion meters and analyzers are limited by their own distortion and dynamic range. It develops an analysis of filters built from cathode or emitter fo…
This paper describes an ALGOL-60 program for the Minsk-2 computer that calculates the static operating mode of circuits containing semiconductor diodes and triodes. The method separates a circuit into linear and nonlinear parts, represents the linear part as a multiport, and solves the resulting equ…
This paper examines regulating devices for calibrated-voltage automatic control systems that use photoelectric converters as electrically controlled dividers. It analyzes how photoresistor current-voltage nonlinearity produces harmonic distortion, derives expressions for second and third harmonic co…
This paper examines the temperature and time stability of the collector-emitter residual voltage of saturated low-power alloy transistors used as switching elements at milliampere currents. It combines analytical expressions for normal and inverse transistor connections with measurements on several …
This paper examines the high-frequency comparison error of photoelectric voltage converters, focusing on errors introduced by the incandescent-lamp heater circuit. The authors model the primary circuit as a distributed transmission line and derive expressions for current distribution and frequency e…
This paper describes the development of a direct-reading precision rms voltmeter intended for airborne power-supply research and related applications requiring measurements from 400 Hz to 10 kHz with error below 0.1%. The instrument is based on alternating comparison of an unknown voltage with a cal…
This paper addresses the calculation of the effective gain and nonlinear distortion coefficients of an amplifier made of several cascaded nonlinear, frequency-independent stages. It argues that replacing the cascade by a single equivalent nonlinearity through direct sequential expansion is algebraic…
This paper examines transient processes in low-power tungsten incandescent lamps, emphasizing effects neglected in simpler first-order models, especially heat removal through supports and current leads and reverse radiation from the bulb. The authors propose a linearized dynamic model with three cou…
This paper analyzes nonlinear distortion in a common-emitter transistor amplifier, emphasizing effects that are often neglected in treatments based on equivalent-circuit parameters. It derives calculation relations for the harmonic content of the output voltage while separating distortion from the i…
This paper examines the frequency error that limits the high-frequency operation of inductive voltage dividers, attributing it chiefly to unequal effects of distributed capacitances in the divider windings. Using an equivalent lumped-element representation, the authors derive capacitance conversion …
This paper presents a simplified analytical method for estimating the frequency error of inductive voltage dividers, intended to make such calculations more accessible for engineering practice than earlier computer based approaches. The method introduces auxiliary electromotive forces at divider tap…
This paper examines practical verification of sinusoidal rms voltage generator-calibrators intended for on-site checking of precision rms voltmeters. It describes a verification setup using standard thermoelectric converters, a precision divider, potentiometer, and auxiliary dc source, and gives con…
The paper addresses the need for a reference square-wave voltage source for calibrating and evaluating the waveform sensitivity of amplitude, rms, and average-reading voltmeters. It analyzes how duty factor, finite switching time, and the input time constant of a voltmeter affect measured amplitude,…
This paper examines the stability of amplitude-stable self-oscillators in which controlled inertial elements act on feedback circuits to regulate output voltage. Using an open-loop modulation analysis, it derives transfer functions and characteristic equations showing that amplifier nonlinearity has…
The paper proposes a simplified approximate method for finding the steady-state regime of self-oscillators with a single inertialess nonlinear element, aiming to make the analysis more transparent than standard small-parameter, phase-space, or harmonic-linearization approaches. It derives first-appr…
This paper examines structural principles for designing sinusoidal voltage generator-calibrators as high-accuracy alternating-voltage sources. It compares non-reflex and reflex systems and analyzes measuring transducers for amplitude, mean, and rms voltage, emphasizing how stability, input resistanc…
