SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper examines the kinetics and mechanism of alkali metal amalgam decomposition in phosphate buffer solutions, focusing on potassium amalgams over approximately pH 7 to 10. Using purified solutions and amalgams, decomposition rates and polarization behavior were measured as functions of amalgam…
This study examines whether transition-metal carbides, borides, and silicides follow the known association between electronic conductivity and catalytic activity in oxidation-reduction reactions. Cyclohexane dehydrogenation to benzene was used as a model reaction, tested mainly by a pulse chromatogr…
This paper investigates the fine structure of the titanium K absorption edge in complex solid solutions of the TiC, TiN system, with the aim of relating X-ray spectral changes to local atomic environment and electronic structure. Titanium carbide, titanium nitride, and five intermediate carbonitride…
Water vapor sorption was compared for the sulfonic acid cation exchanger KU-2 and the carboxylic cation exchanger KFU in several ionic forms and degrees of neutralization. Isotherms at 25 °C were measured with a vacuum apparatus using McBain quartz spring balances, after careful dehydration of small…
This study uses dipole moment measurements to examine the configurations and electron distribution of a series of unsaturated nitro compounds, including beta-nitrostyrenes and bis(beta-nitrovinyl)benzenes. Moments measured in benzene at 25°C are compared with vector sums calculated for possible cis,…
This study examines photocatalytic oxygen evolution in artificial oxidation, reduction systems as a possible analogue of individual photosynthetic stages. Using Warburg manometry under ultraviolet illumination, the authors tested aqueous systems containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide with potassi…
This study extends sulfonation reactions to acyl and carbomethoxy derivatives of ferrocene and examines how substituents on one or both cyclopentadienyl rings affect reactivity. Using sulfur trioxide or dioxane sulfur trioxide in dichloroethane, the authors prepared and characterized several sulfoni…
This paper describes a catalytic route to 2-n-propyl-4-alkyltetrahydrofurans from furfural-derived intermediates, extending a method for preparing tetrahydrofuran homologs from furfural and aliphatic carbonyl compounds. Furfural was condensed with propionic, butyric, and isovaleric aldehydes to give…
This study examines the chemical modification of silica gel and nonporous Aerosil with surface-bound sulfonated phenylsilyl groups in order to impart acidic ion-exchange and selective adsorption properties. The materials were phenylated with diphenyldichlorosilane, sulfonated with sulfuric acid, and…
This study examines the crystal chemistry of scandium chalcogenides, focusing on X-ray powder diffraction analysis of Sc2O3, Sc2S3, and the equiatomic telluride ScTe prepared from purified starting materials. Scandium oxide is indexed as a body-centered cubic Mn2O3-type phase with a lattice paramete…
This study examines the behavior of zirconium and hafnium oxynitrate dihydrates and hexahydrates in aqueous solution and in selected organic solvents, with attention to concentrations relevant to extraction-based separation studies. The authors measured pH, specific electrical conductivity, density,…
This study examines model routes toward constructing the BA ring system of tetracyclines through the synthesis of substituted 2-ketocyclohexylacetic ester derivatives. Epoxy, oxyalkoxy, lactone, and ketal intermediates were prepared from cyclohexenylacetic acid and related esters, with particular at…
This paper examines anomalous formation of platinum ammine complexes containing ring-forming substituents, focusing on diethanolamine in comparison with monoethanolamine and glycocoll derivatives. Through comparative substitution reactions of trans platinum diamines with ammonia, monoethanolamine, d…
This study examines the direct thermal alkylation of cyclohexane with ethylene, propylene, and isobutylene under elevated temperature and pressure, a reaction class previously little explored for unsubstituted cycloparaffins. Using flow reactors packed with calcium phosphate or quartz, the authors i…
This study examines the diene condensation of maleic anhydride with 5-alkoxyoxazoles bearing different substituents in the 2 and 4 positions as a route to substituted 5-hydroxypyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acids. Reactions in benzene with excess maleic anhydride and inhibitors gave the corresponding hyd…
This paper examines the synthesis and reactivity of pyridyl-substituted ethynylcarbinols, a little-studied class of heterocyclic acetylene derivatives. 2-Methyl-5-ethynylpyridine was condensed with aldehydes and ketones under Favorskii conditions, with ketones giving carbinols readily in ether and a…
The paper examines vibrational spectra of several tetravalent organotin compounds, including alkyl, vinyl, and allyl derivatives, with comparison to related silicon, germanium, and lead compounds. Infrared absorption spectra were measured across 400 to 3000 cm−1 and Raman spectra were recorded photo…
This study extends earlier work on the reaction of methylated 1,6-anhydroaldohexoses with metallic sodium in liquid ammonia to derivatives of D-gulose and D-idose. The authors synthesize 1,6-anhydrogulopyranose and 1,6-anhydroidopyranose from prepared sugar precursors, convert them to the previously…
This study examines the energetic properties of adsorption on activated aluminum oxide by measuring heats of wetting for benzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and their solutions in n-heptane at 20 degrees C. Using calorimetry and comparison with independently measured adsorption isotherms, the authors…
This study examines how first-group chloride cations influence zirconium chloride complex formation and the adsorption of zirconium-95 on the nonionogenic surface of fluoroplastic-4. Using spectrophotometric measurements of equilibrium zirconium oxychloride solutions in hydrochloric acid and in LiCl…
This paper addresses the analytical separation of niobium and tantalum, a difficult problem because of their closely similar chemical behavior. The authors investigate extraction of niobium as its N-benzoylphenylhydroxylaminate complex into chloroform from tartaric acid solutions, using radioactive …
This study examines the radical transformations of 1-fluoro-1,1-dichloro-2-bromopropene as a fluorinated analogue of previously studied trichlorobromopropenes. Through thermal reactions, ultraviolet irradiation, peroxide initiation, inhibition by hydroquinone, and trapping with hydrogen bromide, the…
This paper reports the preparation and characterization of monoacetyl and diacetyl derivatives of pentaethanodiferrocene, obtained by acylation with acetic anhydride in phosphoric acid or acetyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride. The authors also refine the workup of the ferrocene and 1,…
This paper reports the synthesis of triglycerides corresponding to the proposed glyceride composition of soybean oil, taking account of positional isomers formed from linolenic, linoleic, oleic, stearic, and palmitic acid residues. Starting from isopropylideneglycerol, the authors prepared alpha-mon…
This paper reports the synthesis of a series of acetylenic organosilicon hydrocarbons and derivatives based on reactions of silylacetylene Grignard reagents. Alkyl and alkylaryl silylacetylenes were prepared from ethynylmagnesium bromide and organobromosilanes, then converted by reaction with bromin…
This study examines the resolution of racemic quaternary arsonium compounds by asymmetric adsorption on natural dissymmetric adsorbents, as an alternative to the more laborious classical method involving diastereoisomer formation and decomposition. Ethyl-n-amylphenylbenzylarsonium bromide was passed…
A statistical thermodynamic calculation is developed for the change in chemical potential of benzene transferred from the gas phase to the basal surface of graphite at low surface coverage. The adsorbed molecule is treated as a polyatomic rotor and vibrator, with the adsorption potential obtained by…
Gamma radiolysis of perchloric acid solutions containing ferrous and ferric ions, hydrogen, and oxygen under pressure was studied to test competing reaction mechanisms for the transformations of iron ions. The authors varied concentrations of oxygen, hydrogen, ferric and ferrous ions, and hydrogen i…
Nickel oxide samples prepared by calcining nickel carbonate at 500 to 900 degrees were examined to relate superstoichiometric oxygen content to catalytic, adsorption, and electrical properties. The study measured specific surface area, excess oxygen, electrical conductivity, activation energies, car…
This study examines the kinetics and mechanism of reactions between dicyclopentadienyltitanium dichloride and several aluminum alkyls, motivated by the transient formation of highly active ethylene polymerization species during titanium reduction. Experiments with triethylaluminum, trimethylaluminum…
This study examines the sulfonation of 2-veratryl- and 2-piperonylindandione-1,3 as part of broader work on 2-monosubstituted indandione-1,3 derivatives. Using dioxane sulfur trioxide, concentrated sulfuric acid with acetic anhydride, and chlorosulfonic acid, the authors found that sulfonation gives…
The study examines the structural and stereochemical course of the Diels-Alder condensation of 1-vinylcyclopentene with methyl acrylate, in comparison with the more selective reaction of the corresponding cyclohexene derivative. The authors isolated and characterized several adduct-derived acids and…
This study compares the dienophilic reactivity of vinyl ethyl sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone toward cyclopentadiene and hexachlorocyclopentadiene under broadly comparable Diels-Alder conditions. The authors show that the reactivity order depends on the polarity relationship between diene and dienop…
This paper examines why the normal burning velocity of condensed mixtures with relatively large particles becomes only weakly dependent on particle size. It argues that, when gasification precedes the main mixing of components, the irregular particle structure can generate localized convective mixin…
This paper examines when quantum tunneling makes a significant contribution to chemical reaction rates, especially in the experimentally accessible region of moderate temperatures. By comparing the probabilities of passage through and over a potential barrier, the author derives criteria for a chara…
This study examines the formation of secondary polynuclear aromatic structures in lignin during acid hydrolysis and condensation treatment. Spruce and industrial pine lignins were prepared under varying sulfuric acid concentrations and temperatures, then oxidized with alkaline permanganate or nitric…
This paper examines whether aromatic hydrocarbons participate only in initiation or also in chain growth during anionic polymerization initiated by sodium aromatic complexes in tetrahydrofuran. Kinetic measurements and electronic absorption spectra are used to study styrene and butadiene polymerizat…
This paper investigates triethyllead oxide as an intermediate in the oxidation of hexaethyllead and as a previously unisolated organolead oxide. The authors synthesize triethyllead oxide from triethyllead monohydroxide and metallic sodium in dry benzene, characterize it by lead content and molecular…
This study examines the specific adsorption of iodide ions on silver in 1.0 N sulfuric acid and its effect on hydrogen overvoltage. Using iodine 131 radiochemical measurements combined with polarization and differential capacitance measurements, the authors determine adsorption as a function of elec…
This study examines the near ultraviolet absorption and photochemical behavior of dilute, moisture-free ferric chloride solutions in aromatic hydrocarbons, focusing on benzene, toluene, and xylene. The authors interpret the observed broad absorption bands as charge-transfer bands of ferric chloride,…
This paper examines the use of electron paramagnetic resonance for quantitative isotopic analysis of nitrogen-14 and nitrogen-15 in nitrogen-containing compounds. The method converts sample nitrogen to ammonia and then to a stable nitroxide radical, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-N-dehydropiperidone-4-oxide-1,…
This paper examines the disputed structure of “anomalous” aminonitrile complexes of divalent platinum, whose formulas appeared to imply coordination numbers higher than four. The authors use infrared absorption spectra of solid nitrile platinum complexes, related non-anomalous complexes, and anomalo…
This paper develops a paper chromatographic method for separating and identifying symmetrical and unsymmetrical diaryltin dichlorides, using oil-impregnated chromatographic paper, methanol in hydrochloric acid as the mobile phase, and diphenylcarbazone detection. The method is applied to reaction mi…
This paper examines the apparent decrease of the condensation, or sticking, coefficient observed during chemisorption of gases on metal surfaces as adsorbate concentration increases. It argues that the true chemisorption coefficient may be independent of surface concentration, while the measured dec…
This study examines the gamma radiolysis of purified, degassed n-hexane at room temperature in a low integral dose range, 3 x 10^18 to 1 x 10^20 eV/ml, where earlier work had provided limited kinetic information. Gaseous C1 to C4 hydrocarbon products were measured by gas chromatography using a highl…
The study examines the kinetics of triphenylcarbinol reduction to triphenylmethane by isopropyl alcohol in aqueous sulfuric acid, treating the process as hydride transfer from nonionized alcohol to the triphenylmethyl cation. Reaction rates were measured spectrophotometrically over varied acid, alco…
This study investigates the mechanism of molecular iodine transfer during intradiffusional adsorption on BAU, KAD, and AG charcoals from water, ethanol, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms, heats of wetting, adsorption kinetics, half-saturation times, and effective in…
This paper examines the relative roles of chemical reaction and crystallization processes in reversible topochemical reactions involving solids, with particular attention to how distance from equilibrium affects observed kinetics. A theoretical treatment is developed for a reversible decomposition r…
The study examines whether organotin and organolead peroxide compounds undergo rearrangements analogous to known perester and related organosilicon or organogermanium reactions. Reactions of triphenyltin hydroxide with peracetic and perpropionic acids in several solvents, and of triethyllead hydrope…
This paper reexamines the limiting pressure for spontaneous propagation of an acetylene decomposition reaction zone, a value commonly reported as 1.35 to 1.40 ata. Using steel tubes with optical recording and several ignition methods, including heated nichrome, capacitor sparks, and explosive mixtur…
