SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper examines the origin and growth of pitting corrosion on stainless steel in electrolytes containing chloride activators and oxidizing passivators. Using measurements of pit number, pit depth distributions, exposure time effects, and electrode potential, the authors show that both activator …
This study examines the vapor phase hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride by water vapor in a dynamic system over 25 to 750°C, with several TiCl4:H2O molar ratios. The authors measured product composition, hygroscopic behavior, chloride retention, and phase structure using chemical analysis and X-ray…
The study determines thermodynamic properties of liquid silver-antimony alloys by measuring the temperature and composition dependence of the electromotive force of a galvanic cell with an iodide melt electrolyte. Measurements for eight alloys between 10.3 and 79.5 atomic percent silver at 630 to 83…
This study examines how a phenyl substituent affects electrophilic substitution in phenylferrocene, focusing on aminomethylation, sulfonation, competitive acetylation, and nitration. Product isolation, elemental analysis, infrared spectra, and derivative transformations showed that aminomethylation …
This study examines the products formed when benzene and naphthalene hydrazo compounds are heated under inert conditions, challenging the view that thermal decomposition gives only disproportionation products. By heating representative hydrazo compounds under varied temperatures and solvents and qua…
This paper examines the decomposition of the composition diagram and exchange reactions in the quinary reciprocal system of nine salts formed by lithium, sodium, and thallium chlorides, bromides, and sulfates. Using vertex indices for a four dimensional nine vertex polytope, the authors identify cut…
This paper examines the behavior of ester carbalkoxy groups under catalytic vapor-phase hydrogenation, focusing on whether esters are reduced to alcohols or undergo hydrogenolysis to acids and hydrocarbons. Using flow hydrogenation at atmospheric and elevated hydrogen pressures, the authors compare …
This paper investigates thermal oxidation of high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane rubber, focusing on cleavage of methyl side groups and release of low molecular weight organosilicon compounds. The authors develop an analytical procedure for measuring carbon, hydrogen, and silicon in volatile …
This study examines the stereodirection of reactions of diacetylene and ethynylvinyl phenyl sulfide with thiophenol in the synthesis of 1,4-bis(phenylthio)-1,3-butadienes and their corresponding disulfones. By varying ionic, radical, and mixed reaction conditions, the authors isolated and characteri…
This paper describes an alternative synthesis of organosilicon monomers containing fluorinated cyclobutyl rings, compounds of interest as precursors to fluorinated organosilicon polymers. Instead of direct condensation of fluoroolefins with alkenylsilanes under prolonged pressure conditions, the aut…
This study investigates the mechanism of anodic ozone formation during electrolysis of concentrated perchloric acid solutions at low temperature. Using oxygen isotope tracers in labeled perchloric acid or labeled water, combined with polarization measurements and mass spectrometric analysis of evolv…
The paper examines the origin of color deepening in para-dimethylaminoazobenzene upon protonation by comparing absorption spectra of benzylideneaniline and azobenzene derivatives and their hydrochloride or alkaline salts in chloroform. Using K-band maxima and intensities, the authors relate bathochr…
This paper reports an electron diffraction study of thin indium selenide films prepared by sublimation and annealing, aimed at clarifying the crystal structures and phase modifications of In2Se3. The work identifies hexagonal alpha and beta modifications, a cubic gamma modification, and an apparentl…
This study examines the participation of divinyl sulfoxide and divinyl sulfone in Diels-Alder diene-synthesis reactions with butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, and cyclopentadiene under varied temperature and reactant-ratio conditions. Divinyl sulfoxide was found to form mono-adducts with butadi…
This study examines the electrochemical initiation of methyl methacrylate polymerization during oxygen reduction at a mercury cathode in acidic aqueous and aqueous alcoholic media, with careful control of electrode potential, oxygen content, and reagent purity. Polarographic measurements showed that…
This study examines the thermal behavior of organosilicon compounds containing hydrocarbon bridges between silicon atoms, with emphasis on silacycloalkanes and alpha, omega hexamethyldisilylalkanes heated in sealed ampoules up to 400°C. The authors compare stability and polymerization behavior using…
This study examines how added cations affect oxygen overvoltage on platinum during anodic oxygen evolution in perchloric and sulfuric acid solutions. Polarization curves, continuously recorded current, potential curves, and potential decay measurements were used to compare the effects of cesium, pot…
This study examines catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds in solution under conditions where the substrate concentration is kept low and approximately constant by uniform dropwise feeding, rather than allowing it to decline during reaction. Sodium maleate and sodium o-nitrophenolate were …
This study determines thermodynamic properties of platinum-lead alloys in the 700 to 875 °C range, with emphasis on the solid intermetallic compounds PtPb and Pt3Pb. Lead activities were measured by the Knudsen effusion vapor pressure method, then used to calculate partial enthalpies and entropies, …
This paper examines the extraction of colloidally precipitated iron hydroxide from aqueous solutions by fatty acids, questioning the view that metal extraction proceeds only through formation of soluble fatty acid salts in the organic phase. Experiments with ferric hydroxide produced by ammonia neut…
This paper examines the formation of uranyl carbonate complexes in reactions of uranyl nitrate with sodium bicarbonate, contrasting the product with the more commonly reported uranyl tricarbonate species. The authors prepare an isolable crystalline sodium uranyl dicarbonate by adding sodium bicarbon…
The paper investigates the kinetics of cyclohexene oxidation to cyclohexanone by palladium salts in aqueous perchloric acid solutions, using p-benzoquinone to reoxidize palladium and prevent complications from metallic palladium precipitation. Reaction progress was followed potentiometrically throug…
This study examines the formation of metastable supersaturated solutions during the hydration of beta-dicalcium silicate and tricalcium silicate in the CaO, SiO2, H2O system. Using dilute suspensions protected from atmospheric carbon dioxide, the authors measured calcium and silicate ion concentrati…
This study examines the addition of acetic acid and hydrogen chloride to trans,trans,trans- and cis,trans,trans-cyclododecatriene-1,5,9. Using boron trifluoride etherate for acetic acid addition and ferric chloride in methylene chloride for hydrogen chloride addition, the authors compare product com…
This paper investigates a route to alkyl-substituted gamma and delta lactones, compounds of interest for odor studies, through free-radical addition of carboxylic acids and their methyl esters to vinyl and allyl esters. Using tert-butyl peroxide at about 155 to 164 degrees, the authors prepared 1:1 …
This study determines the equilibrium conditions for the reduction of nickel ferrite by hydrogen, including the compositions of the gas and solid phases over a range of temperatures and degrees of reduction. Experiments were performed in a closed circulating hydrogen and water vapor system, with equ…
The study examines the kinetics of catalytic oxidation of propylene to acrolein over a cuprous oxide, copper contact using a flow circulation method designed to minimize distortions from external and internal diffusion. Measurements over varied gas velocities, oxygen and propylene concentrations, te…
The paper develops a theory for the anodic dissolution of electronic silicon, emphasizing that unlike germanium, silicon requires explicit consideration of carrier generation in the near-contact Debye layer. Using transport and recombination equations for the quasineutral and depleted regions, the a…
This study examines how terminal substituents influence the electronic absorption spectra of asymmetric 5-nitrofurylpolyene derivatives in which the substituent is separated from the nitrofuran chromophore by zero to four conjugated vinylene groups. Spectral measurements for a series of derivatives …
This study examines how surface-active substances affect the dissolution kinetics of calcium carbonate in mineral acids, with attention to possible inhibitors useful in acid treatment of carbonate materials. More than twenty compounds, including hydrophilic polymers, anionic surfactants, amine salts…
This paper examines Polanyi’s rule for reactions in which proton transfer through a hydrogen bond is the determining step, questioning the usual classical interpretation based on changes in barrier height. The authors model the proton quantum mechanically in an asymmetric double potential well and s…
A method is described for preparing aromatic acid chlorides and bromides by heating aromatic aldehydes with carbon tetrachloride or bromotrichloromethane in sealed tubes, without added peroxide initiators. Benzaldehyde and several substituted aromatic aldehydes gave the corresponding acid chlorides …
This paper examines the kinetics and probable mechanism of direct substitution of the nitro group by chlorine in nitrobenzene and m-chloronitrobenzene using carbon tetrachloride as the chlorinating agent. Reactions were followed in sealed tubes with a thermophotometer by monitoring visible light abs…
The study examines the interaction of hydrous potassium metaniobate with oxalic acid in aqueous solution, motivated by the importance of niobium and tantalum oxalate systems in analytical, radiochemical, and separation chemistry. Using physicochemical methods including conductivity, optical density,…
This study examines whether 2,3- and 2,5-dihydrofurans, which show different behavior under thermal conditions, can be catalytically dehydrogenated to corresponding furan homologs. Vapors of 2-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran and 2-ethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran were passed over platinum or palladium on activated ca…
This study examines whether hydrogen has a specific effect on the electrocracking of methane and ethylene, comparing its influence with that of chemically inert argon under static discharge conditions. The authors measured hydrocarbon conversion from pressure changes at varied partial pressures, tot…
This paper examines the temperature dependence of the surface tension of liquid thallium, motivated by difficulties in semiconductor device fabrication and by earlier nonreproducible measurements. The authors describe a sealed rotating glass apparatus enabling maximum pressure measurements either in…
The study examines the catalytic transformation of isopropenylcyclopropane on kieselguhr, comparing its behavior with that of isopropylcyclopropane under similar conditions. Short-duration catalytic experiments at 100 degrees and 150 degrees were combined with gas-liquid chromatographic analysis usi…
This study addresses the limited and uncertain thermodynamic data for manganese carbides by determining the free energy of formation of the low carbon carbide Mn23C6. A two phase specimen containing Mn23C6 and metallic manganese was prepared by sintering and characterized by X-ray diffraction, then …
This paper examines the magnetic susceptibility of newly synthesized inner-complex vanadyl compounds with tridentate Schiff-base ligands of the salicylal-o-oxyaniline type. The author argues that such ligands may produce vanadyl complexes with an anomalously low coordination number and compares thei…
This paper investigates whether alcohols can replace olefins in the acid-catalyzed synthesis of branched carboxylic acids and esters from carbon monoxide. The authors argue that alcohols may form carbonium ions in concentrated sulfuric acid, allowing reaction with carbon monoxide under 60 to 90 atm …
This study examines bulk polymerization of heptene-1 using the complex organometallic catalytic system triisobutylaluminum and titanium tetrachloride, as part of an effort to relate alpha-olefin structure to polymer properties. The authors varied catalyst component ratio and temperature, characteriz…
This study examines how lyophilic colloids influence hydrocarbon solubilization in detergent solutions, focusing on 0.3 M potassium laurinate and sodium naphthenates. Using a volumetric method, the authors compare additions of carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, casein, saponin, starch, lecithin, and s…
This paper examines regularities in the catalytic properties of rare earth oxides, motivated by the availability of purified rare earths and by the possible influence of the gradually filled 4f shell on catalysis. Using flow kinetic measurements for tetralin dehydrogenation and isopropyl alcohol deh…
This paper examines how melt supercooling affects crystal growth by the Czochralski method, with experiments reported chiefly for aluminum doped with trace Cu64 and supported by observations on germanium, silicon, and other metals. Using asymmetric thermal fields, interrupted and continuous rotation…
This paper investigates whether organic semiconductor polymers with conjugated bond systems can act as solid catalysts for vapor and gas phase oxidation and reduction reactions. Two thermally treated polyacrylonitrile samples, one containing a small amount of copper chloride and one copper free, wer…
This study examines the addition reactions of germanium hydrides, especially trichlorogermane and triethylgermane, with unsaturated organic compounds and compares their behavior with related silicon and tin hydrides. Trichlorogermane is shown to add readily, often without catalysts, to a range of al…
This paper investigates the mechanism of rectifying action in anodic oxide films on zirconium, focusing on how the oxide, electrolyte boundary affects the film’s electrical properties. Oxidized zirconium electrodes with films of several thicknesses were examined by measuring resistance and capacitan…
This paper examines the ultraviolet absorption spectra of nitro-substituted diphenylmethane and diphenylethane derivatives bearing amino, dimethylamino, hydroxyl, or acetamido donor groups in the other aromatic ring. Using the theory of inductively interacting chromophoric systems, the authors compa…
