SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
This study examines the acetylation of 9-alkylcarbazoles with acetic anhydride in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride as a route to 3,6-diacetyl-9-alkylcarbazoles. Using 9-methylcarbazole as the model substrate, the authors varied reagent ratios, reaction time, temperature, and solvent, find…
This paper reports the synthesis of 9-ethylcarbazole-3,6-dicarboxylic acid and its diallyl ester as potential monomers for heat-resistant polymers. The acid was prepared by oxidizing 9-ethyl-3,6-diacetylcarbazole with sodium hypobromite in dioxane, giving a yield above 90 percent, and the diallyl es…
This study examines cobalt oxide catalysts for the oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide under 8 kg/cm² pressure, focusing on how potassium content, cobalt hydroxide precipitation temperature, and catalyst pressing pressure affect activity and stability. Catalysts prepared by precipitation were teste…
This study examines whether kiln dust captured from rotary kiln exhaust gases can be returned to the raw slurry without impairing clinker formation, using materials from the Yashkino cement plant. The dust and dust containing mixtures were characterized by chemical, thermal, X-ray, and petrographic …
This paper evaluates vermiculite rock from the Tebinskoye deposit in Kemerovo Oblast as a local Siberian raw material for lightweight, heat-insulating, and sound-insulating building products. Using petrographic, chemical, X-ray, and thermal analyses, the authors characterize the rock as mainly ferru…
This paper examines electromagnetic beneficiation of iron-rich nepheline-bearing rocks from the Goryachegorsk and Andryushkina Rechka deposits as potential raw materials for glass, ceramics, and alumina production. Representative theralite syenite and bereshite samples were crushed, screened into si…
This study examines the gas phase involved in the swelling of low-melting Quaternary loams during expanded clay formation. Using rapid quantitative phase analysis, gas burette measurements, and analysis of gases in both a reaction vessel and closed pores of fired expanded clay, the work determines g…
This study examines crystallization products formed from molten Onot-deposit talc, a composition relevant to special ceramic materials and glass crystallization processes. Talc was melted at 1600 degrees under varying holding times, crucible materials, and cooling regimes, then analyzed by petrograp…
This study examines the crystallization behavior of glass produced from Onot talc composition, focusing on the phases formed during firing and the effect of melt holding at high temperature. Glass powders were formed into disks, fired at 900 to 1380°C with two-hour holds, and analyzed by thermal ana…
This study examines how the duration of high-temperature holding during melting affects the reactivity, sintering behavior, and phase formation of a steatite-composition glass batch. Glasses were melted at 1560 to 1580°C with holding times of 0.5, 1, and 4 hours, then ground, pressed, fired over a r…
This study examines ways to increase the firing reactivity of synthesized steatite bodies, whose conventional preparation gives low free energy, limited reactivity, and a narrow sintering interval. Using a steatite composition based on Onot talc, barium carbonate, and clay, the authors compare the e…
This study examines crystallization and structure formation during firing of pressed articles made from powdered glass of steatite body composition. Specimens fired from about 1050 to 1350°C were analyzed by microscopy, refractive index measurements, and X-ray diffraction to follow changes in crysta…
This study examines how the mechanical strength of fired clay products relates to structural transformations in clay minerals, with particular attention to whether strength development is governed by melting or by earlier low-temperature reactions. Samples of kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite-rich …
This study examines the kinetics of barium carbonate reactions with components of a steatite ceramic batch, motivated by bloating and blister formation during firing attributed to carbon dioxide evolution from barium carbonate decomposition. Using gravithermometric measurements, mixtures of barium c…
This paper examines the extraction of kaolin clay from the kaolinized sands of the Tugan deposit, with attention to how particle-size separation affects the quality and potential industrial use of the recovered clay. The authors analyze grain-size distribution, chemical composition, refractoriness, …
The study evaluates conflicting reports on the suitability of hematoxylin as a colorimetric reagent for determining small amounts of aluminum. Using spectrophotometric measurements across pH ranges, wavelength scans, Job and saturation methods, dilution tests, time dependence experiments, and interf…
This paper examines the photometric determination of trace aluminum using xylenol orange, with attention to inconsistent earlier recommendations on reaction conditions and complex composition. The authors study the aluminum, xylenol orange system spectrophotometrically, determining the optimal pH ne…
This study examines the sorption and desorption of trace iron on the strongly basic anion exchanger Ceralite FF in hydrochloric acid media, with the aim of optimizing chromatographic concentration prior to photocolorimetric determination. Sorption experiments and distribution coefficient measurement…
This paper addresses the analytical control of kellin content in Vikalin tablets, noting that the official photometric procedure gave insufficiently accurate and reproducible results. The authors examine optimal conditions for extracting kellin with chloroform, converting it in sulfuric acid to a ye…
A volumetric gravimetric procedure is presented for separately determining chloride and bromide ions in solutions that may also contain potassium chlorate and bromate, a problem relevant to production control of halogen compounds. The method combines Mohr argentometric titration of the total chlorid…
A simple recrystallization method is described for purifying commercial tetrabutylammonium iodide used as a supporting electrolyte in polarographic determination of electronegative elements. The authors examine dimethylformamide as a solvent, determine the temperature dependence of salt solubility, …
This paper addresses the problem of obtaining low potential sweep rates in oscillographic polarography while avoiding distortions associated with recorder response in conventional self-recording instruments. The authors describe an auxiliary power and direct-current amplifier, connected to the sweep…
This paper develops a polarographic procedure with accumulation on a stationary graphite electrode for determining nanogram quantities of mercury in natural waters, including highly mineralized waters and brines. The method uses electrochemical deposition followed by anodic dissolution, with analysi…
The study examines the ternary copper, zinc, and mercury system using two variants of the APN method, addressing conflicting literature reports on the state and equilibrium parameters of the copper-zinc intermetallic compound in mercury. Anodic wave depth dependences on electrolysis time and on comp…
This paper examines the formation and phase state of intermetallic compounds of antimony with gold, nickel, and copper in mercury, a problem relevant to amalgam analysis and metallurgy. Using amalgam stripping polarography with accumulation on a stationary mercury drop electrode, the authors compare…
The study examines the anodic behavior of antimony amalgam in strongly alkaline potassium hydroxide solution using amalgam polarography. In 2N KOH, antimony produces two anodic peaks at approximately -0.76 V and -0.41 V versus the saturated calomel electrode, with peak heights increasing with antimo…
This study examines the solubility of antimony in mercury and whether antimony accumulated electrochemically on a stationary mercury electrode forms a true amalgam or only a surface deposit. Using accumulative amalgam polarography, equilibrium potential measurements, anodic electro-dissolution, coul…
A general theoretical treatment is developed for anodic amalgam voltammetry at constant electrode potential on stationary mercury film and spherical electrodes when the electrodissolution process is irreversible and first order. The authors solve Fick’s second law with uniform initial metal distribu…
This paper develops theoretical relations for anodic amalgam voltammetry with programmed current under restricted diffusion at mercury film and spherical mercury electrodes. Starting from previously derived surface concentration expressions for arbitrary current, it treats currents of the form propo…
This paper develops theoretical relations for anodic amalgam voltammetry at a mercury film electrode when the dissolution current is prescribed as a function of time. Starting from the surface concentration expression for the reduced form in the amalgam, the authors derive transition-time and potent…
A highly sensitive amalgam polarographic procedure is developed for determining trace bismuth in high-purity indium without prior separation of the indium matrix. The authors optimize accumulation conditions, solution volume, compensation sensitivity, and nitrogen stirring while retaining a 0.2 g sa…
This study experimentally examines how deviations in solution volume, electrode surface area, and polarograph sensitivity from calculated optimal values affect the sensitivity and accuracy of anodic stripping determination. Using bismuth in a hydrochloric acid background, the authors compare theoret…
This review examines the use of solvent extraction in amalgam polarography with accumulation on a stationary mercury electrode for trace analysis of high-purity materials. It summarizes extractants and separation schemes for removing matrices or isolating microcomponents, including ethers, carbon te…
This study examines how electrolysis potential affects the anodic peak current in extraction anodic stripping polarography for electrode processes of differing reversibility. Experiments were performed with cadmium, copper, and indium in a nonaqueous background of oxine in chloroform and ammonium ni…
This study examines how mixed nonaqueous solvents affect the composition and stability of lead and cadmium complexes with dithizone and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. Polarographic measurements at a dropping mercury electrode were performed in chloroform, methanol and ethyl acetate, methanol media, …
This study examines how the size of a hanging mercury drop affects its active electrode surface in extraction anodic stripping polarography, with attention to possible shielding by the platinum contact and the influence of surface active complexing agents. Effective surface areas were determined fro…
This paper examines how the electrolysis constant in amalgam polarography with accumulation depends on the diffusion coefficient of metal ions in solution, a factor relevant to improving analytical sensitivity. Using Stromberg’s parametric theory and comparisons with mass transport equations, the au…
This study examines factors affecting the height and shape of anodic peaks in the extraction anodic stripping polarography method for several metal ions in nonaqueous extraction systems. Using stationary mercury drop electrodes, the authors measured anodic current constants, half-peak widths, and re…
This paper develops a simplified polarographic theory for irreversible electrode processes in solutions of complex ions at mercury and amalgam dropping electrodes. It relaxes the earlier assumption that the electron-transfer mechanism is independent of potential, allowing the intermediate complex in…
The paper studies optimal prediction and filtering for functionals of random processes that solve nonlinear differential equations driven by Gaussian random functions, a setting that generally lies beyond the Markov diffusion case. It derives a conditional expectation formula by comparing the measur…
This paper examines the structure of atmospheric aerosol under conditions of unusually high transparency near Leningrad, using spectral transparency measurements rather than direct particle sampling. Aerosol optical thickness was derived from Bouguer observations at several wavelengths, corrected fo…
The paper analyzes propagation of the boundary between superconducting and normal phases in type-II superconducting thin films, where the film thickness is small compared with the magnetic-field penetration depth. Starting from the Maxwell-London equations, the authors introduce current functions fo…
A method is developed for solving Dirichlet and Neumann boundary-value problems for open surfaces, motivated by applications in diffraction, electrostatics, and analytic function theory. For the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation, the construction introduces auxiliary closed surfaces and uses Green’s …
The paper addresses the synthesis of large, strong polycrystalline formations of cubic boron nitride, a material valued for diamond-like hardness, high thermal stability, and chemical inertness toward iron. Motivated by earlier production of polycrystalline diamond aggregates, the authors sought pre…
This paper examines the relationship between magnetic rotation dispersion and refractive index dispersion for the diamagnetic La3+ ion in aqueous lanthanum chloride solution, with particular attention to Becquerel’s formula and Serber’s coefficient. Refractive index dispersion was measured interfero…
This paper analyzes the reflection of unsteady long waves from a straight vertical wall in a homogeneous fluid of constant depth under rotation, with the Coriolis force included. Starting from the linear long wave equations, the authors formulate an initial value and boundary value problem for a loc…
This paper extends classical potential theory from Lyapunov surfaces to domains whose boundaries belong to the Lyapunov-Dini class, characterized by controlled variation of the surface normal. Using previously established uniqueness for the homogeneous Neumann problem and local geometric estimates f…
This paper derives sufficient conditions for using Euler’s static method to study the stability of deformation of isotropic nonlinearly elastic bodies under finite subcritical deformations. Starting from the linearized equations and boundary conditions in Lagrangian coordinates for a body with an ar…
This paper reports measurements of the chemical composition of Venus’s atmosphere obtained during the parachute descents of the Venera 5 and Venera 6 automatic stations in 1969, extending and refining earlier Venera 4 results. Using onboard gas analyzers based on selective physicochemical reactions,…
The paper formulates multidimensional analogues of the Darboux problem for a second-order hyperbolic equation in a three-dimensional domain bounded by characteristic conical surfaces and a plane, together with the corresponding formally adjoint problem. Using a weighted energy identity, suitable Hil…
