SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 680 papers in Earth & Space Sciences
This paper analyzes the motion of small meteoroid bodies using a year-long radar survey conducted at Kharkov Polytechnic Institute in 1959 to 1960, which yielded 12,500 computed orbits for meteors brighter than about magnitude +7. The authors correct the measured orbital distributions for radar obse…
This paper derives a probability distribution for the specific surface area of pores in an isotropic porous medium, treating it as the ratio of pore surface area to pore volume within small regions. Using random secants through the medium, the author expresses local specific surface area in terms of…
This paper examines solar atmospheric ejections in active regions, emphasizing their distinction from prominences by their rapid directed motion, short lifetime, and spectral characteristics. Using observations of a limb ejection associated with a flare, the study reconstructs its development, estim…
This paper reports Soviet radar observations of Venus conducted from 11 to 30 June 1964 at a wavelength of about 40 cm, using frequency keying and periodic linear frequency modulation to measure distance, radial velocity, reflected signal spectra, and surface reflection properties. Increased frequen…
This paper reassesses radio astronomical and radar observations of Venus in light of the hypothesis that its centimeter and decimeter radio emission is connected with a dense, inhomogeneous ionosphere rather than solely with surface heating. It reviews recent data on polarization, disk brightness di…
This paper proposes a quantitative framework for relating present-day tectonic mass flow to seismicity and to displacement measurements obtained by geophysical, geodetic, geological, and geomorphological methods. Treating large-scale rock motion as the flow of an incompressible Newtonian medium, it …
This paper examines how the wind coefficient for purely wind-driven ice drift in the Arctic Basin depends on wind speed and ice thickness. Starting from earlier expressions for ice-drift velocity, it derives relations linking the wind coefficient to the ratio of ice thickness to wind speed, using a …
This paper develops a linear theory for calculating tidal motion in sea basins when turbulent vertical friction causes the horizontal current velocity to vary with depth. The authors formulate the harmonic tidal problem with vertical exchange, Coriolis force, tide-generating potential, bottom no-sli…
This paper addresses the problem of defining and measuring cloud condensation nuclei active at small atmospheric supersaturations, arguing that counting all droplets formed in a chamber can overestimate nuclei concentrations. It proposes a criterion based on droplet growth beyond the critical radius…
This note proposes that periodic and sporadic luminosity variations in quasi-stellar radio sources can arise within a magnetobremsstrahlung, or synchrotron, emission framework through changes in magnetic-field strength and, in some cases, relativistic electron concentration. Using the observed varia…
Interferometric observations of Venus at a wavelength of 10.6 cm were carried out in May to July 1964 to investigate the origin of its centimeter radio emission and to test atmospheric and surface temperature models. Measurements of visibility functions with different baselines, polarizations, and o…
This paper examines whether the rapid broadening of cloud droplet size spectra can be explained by the combined action of turbulence, gravity, and electrostatic attraction in droplet coagulation. The authors formulate a two-layer model in which turbulent motion brings droplets to a near-contact boun…
This paper examines a possible instability mechanism in pulsating stars, namely the amplification of fundamental nonradial oscillation modes in a compressible self-gravitating sphere undergoing radial pulsations. Using a simplified homogeneous-density stellar model with a thin surface layer, the ana…
This paper examines the mechanism of volcanic tremor generation and its possible use in long-range eruption forecasting. After critiquing earlier models based on oscillating wall blocks or a single lava-column oscillator, it proposes that volcanic conduits and adjacent high-temperature zones act as …
This paper proposes a diffusion mechanism for the diurnal variation of cosmic rays based on anisotropic propagation in the interplanetary magnetic field carried by the solar wind. Treating solar wind streams as Archimedean spiral magnetic structures, the author derives the transverse cosmic ray flux…
This study examines how high hydrostatic pressure affects ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocities in oil and gas reservoir rocks from the Caspian Lowland and Baku Archipelago of Azerbaijan, with relevance to ultrasonic logging and seismic prospecting at great depths. Using an ultrasonic pulse method…
This paper examines whether free oscillations of the Earth’s rotation axis produce a measurable polar tide in the Baltic Sea, a question left unresolved by earlier studies and disputed in prior interpretations. Sea-level records from 13 Baltic ports for 1900 to 1930 were reduced to tenth-year values…
This paper formulates a hydrodynamic description of stationary cloud systems in which motion inside the cloud is treated as pseudoadiabatic and motion outside as adiabatic, with the cloud boundary determined as part of the solution. Using axisymmetric steady equations, a stream function is introduce…
This paper examines the quasi-geostrophic instability of oceanic geostrophic currents with partial inclusion of horizontal and vertical turbulent friction. Starting from linearized perturbation equations for a stratified current, the analysis filters internal gravity waves, assumes wave-like disturb…
This study examines whether exchange cations in clay minerals influence adsorbed water primarily through their own hydration or through broader changes in clay surface properties and microstructure. Monomineral clays saturated with Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, and K+ were investigated using isothermal dehydrati…
This paper develops an analytical model for steady wind-driven currents in the equatorial ocean, assuming a homogeneous fluid, constant vertical exchange, negligible nonlinear and horizontal exchange terms, and a zonal wind stress varying with latitude. By linearizing the governing coefficients near…
This paper discusses variations in atmospheric radiocarbon content as recorded in annual tree rings and their possible relation to astrophysical phenomena. Reviewing recent measurements, including reported radiocarbon changes near the time of the Tunguska event, the authors argue that high precision…
This paper examines the isostatic state of Antarctica using gravimetric observations and calculations of topographic isostatic reductions. The authors compute isostatic anomalies at selected stations with Pratt Hayford and Vening Meinesz models, develop an approximate spherical function method for e…
This paper studies the inverse problem of determining a depth-dependent seismic wave velocity from a travel-time hodograph, using an idealized geometrical optics model reduced from a spherical Earth to a planar ray problem. The authors analyze the functions describing ray depth, horizontal distance,…
A closed numerical framework is formulated for calculating the evolution of vapor, liquid water, and ice in supercooled fine-droplet clouds when ice crystals enter naturally from above or are produced by artificial seeding. Under specified assumptions about droplet entrainment, spherical crystals, i…
This paper reports an X-ray diffraction study of the effect of high pressure on the crystal structure of tin monoxide at room temperature, motivated by the layered PbO-type structure and low atomic coordination of SnO under normal conditions. Using a high-pressure X-ray camera calibrated by bismuth …
This paper reports measurements of natural telluric currents made in 1963 at the drifting North Pole-10 station in the Arctic Ocean. The authors describe absolute observations of horizontal electric-field components using silver-chloride nonpolarizing electrodes, with corrections for electrode elect…
This paper reexamines the occurrence and post-depositional history of Czechoslovak tektites, or vltavins, using recent geological mapping and expeditionary observations from the South Bohemian and Moravian parts of the European tektite field. It argues that the original fall area was substantially l…
This paper reports 1964 radio astronomical observations of the excited hydrogen radio line near 5 cm in the Omega Nebula using a highly stable traveling-wave quantum paramagnetic amplifier cooled to liquid helium temperature. The authors describe the radiometer and radiospectrograph system, includin…
This paper estimates the contemporary mass change of the central Greenland ice sheet, a region for which direct evidence had previously been lacking. Using continuity relations for a vertical ice column at the ice divide, together with International Glaciological Expedition measurements of surface e…
This paper examines the magnetic properties of ultrabasic rocks and challenges the common interpretation that strong magnetic anomalies reliably indicate dunite bodies or that weak anomalies imply their absence. Using magnetometric, petrophysical, and petrographic data from several hyperbasite massi…
This paper examines how satellite-derived cloudiness fields can be used to infer dynamical meteorological quantities in regions with sparse conventional observations. It proposes a regression method relating Fourier coefficients of total cloud amount to geostrophic vorticity, then uses Poisson equat…
This paper reports radio observations aimed at detecting emission from an excited hydrogen recombination line in the HII region NGC 6618, the Omega Nebula, corresponding to transitions between principal quantum levels 91 and 90. Using a 22-meter radio telescope and a null spectral radiometer near 88…
This paper examines how the energy spectrum of oceanic turbulence may differ from the Kolmogorov minus 5/3 law when external energy is supplied not only at the largest scales but also across selected ranges of motion. Using analytical filtering of a 30 day current meter record from the Atlantic Ocea…
This study investigates the velocity structure of the upper mantle using intermediate-depth earthquakes from the Pamir-Hindu Kush epicentral zone, recorded by a 3500 km profile of temporary and permanent seismic stations. Earthquake locations and focal depths were determined with methods designed to…
This paper examines whether semiannual oscillations of mean sea level in the World Ocean can be identified as the solar semiannual tide rather than as a meteorological rhythm. Using harmonic constants from long term tide observations at 234 coastal stations, the study compares observed amplitudes an…
This paper presents deep magnetovariational sounding results from southern Central Siberia, the Baikal region, and Transbaikalia, using geomagnetic bay variations with periods of 0.5 to 4 hours to infer apparent resistivity in the upper mantle. The authors argue that magnetic variation observations …
This paper describes the development and testing of a geophysical prospecting method based on the pielectric effect of quartz-bearing rocks and veins, aimed at detecting quartz and pegmatite bodies that are difficult to identify by conventional electrical, seismic, or gravity methods. Laboratory, un…
The paper examines neutronization of matter during stellar collapse as a possible source of high-energy neutrinos, emphasizing that rapid compression makes the process nonequilibrium and requires kinetic treatment. Using simplified free-fall models for cold hydrogen and rough estimates for helium an…
This paper examines whether Baldwin’s empirical relations between crater diameter, depth, rim height, and explosion energy can be used to infer a meteoritic origin for lunar craters. Comparing Baldwin’s data with Yokoyama’s estimates for volcanic calderas, and with examples of explosive volcanic for…
This paper describes the installation and testing of a quantum paramagnetic amplifier on the 22 meter radio telescope of the Lebedev Physical Institute for observations of the 21 cm neutral hydrogen line. The authors outline the radiometer configuration, including antenna to load switching, cryogeni…
The paper addresses deviations from the inverse-distance surface brightness law observed in the carbon coma of Comet Burnham 1959, especially in measurements of the C2 band near 5165 Å. It develops a first-approximation coma model in which luminous molecules are emitted from a point source, move und…
This paper investigates whether water can influence the crystallization and stability fields of dense silica modifications under high pressure, motivated by earlier observations of solvent effects on phase formation. Experiments on silicon dioxide in the presence of water produced the rutile-structu…
This paper examines the proposed epitaxial transformation of uranium oxide in nasturan from initially deposited U3O8 to UO2+x, possibly through intermediate phases such as U4O9, U3O7, or U2O5. Using crystallographic comparison of uranium atom nets, lattice parameters, and orientations, together with…
