SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 4600 papers in Chemistry
This paper examines the composition and hydroxyl group positions of higher aliphatic alcohols formed during liquid phase oxidation of normal paraffin hydrocarbons in the presence of boric acid. The authors evaluate oxidation with potassium dichromate in dilute sulfuric acid as a structural method, f…
This paper examines whether acid-catalyzed addition to olefins proceeds through reversible formation of a carbonium ion or through a protonated pi-complex. The authors test these alternatives by reacting ethylene with deuterosulfuric acid, and isobutylene under hydration conditions, then determining…
This study examines how calcium fluoride additions affect the equilibrium distribution of phosphorus between liquid iron and ferrous lime slags, a question on which earlier interpretations differed. Using a successive saturation method with radioactive phosphorus, the authors measured temperature de…
This paper investigates the cationic copolymerization of styrene with alpha-methylstyrene in ethyl chloride solution using tin tetrachloride catalyst, with emphasis on the pronounced acceleration caused by small additions of the more reactive monomer. Polymerization rates were measured dilatometrica…
A new multistep synthesis of 1-benzyl-2-methyl-5-methoxytryptamine, a benzyl analogue of serotonin reported to have antiserotonin activity, is described. The route begins with condensation of p-benzoquinone and ethyl N-benzyl-beta-aminocrotonate to form a 5-hydroxyindole ester, followed by methylati…
This paper describes the synthesis of a new class of unsaturated polyesters, termed polyester acrylates, by condensation telomerization of dibasic acids with glycols or glycerol in the presence of methacrylic or acrylic acid. The authors examine reaction conditions using inert solvents, azeotropic w…
This paper examines how formaldehyde yields during homogeneous methane oxidation depend on radical initiation, inert gas dilution, and the surface condition of quartz reaction vessels. Using methane and oxygen mixtures under varied vessel treatments, nitrogen additions, and initiators such as nitrog…
This study examines adsorption of water vapor on crystalline powders of silver iodide, silver chloride, and lead iodide in relation to their differing roles as nuclei for crystallization in supercooled clouds. Using quartz microbalances, the authors measured adsorption isotherms over temperatures fr…
This study examines the relationship between semiconductor electronic properties, chemisorption, and catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on zinc oxide and ZnO solid solutions containing lithium or gallium oxides. Using samples with electrical conductivities differing by many orders of magnitude, …
This paper reports a synthetic route to racemic tubocurarine, the principal quaternary ammonium alkaloid of tube curare, whose structure had not yet been synthetically confirmed. The authors construct the bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline framework through successive amide formation, phenolic protecti…
This study examines whether methyl radicals generated by the Polanyi reaction of methyl iodide with sodium undergo hydrogen, deuterium exchange with molecular deuterium, addressing discrepancies between earlier photochemical and discharge experiments. The authors reacted gas phase methyl radicals wi…
This paper examines reactions of tert-butoxy radicals formed during decomposition of di-tert-butyl peroxide, motivated by their relevance to hydrocarbon and polymer oxidation. The authors study decomposition in isopropylbenzene solution at 120 to 150 degrees Celsius over varying peroxide concentrati…
Water vapor adsorption was measured volumetrically on four quartz powders of different origin and specific surface area, with surfaces characterized by BET measurements using nitrogen, argon, and methanol. The study addresses why published “absolute” water adsorption isotherms for quartz diverge eve…
This study examines the condensation of cis- and trans-alpha-decalones with acetylene as a route to ethynyldecalols suitable for further side-chain transformations related to corticoid hormone structures. The authors synthesize and separate stereoisomeric trans-1-ethynyl-1-decalols and obtain a cis-…
This paper examines how solvent affects thione, thiol tautomeric equilibrium in a series of aryl thiocarbazones, with the aim of testing Kabachnik’s relation between tautomeric equilibrium constants in different solvents. Absorption spectra of dithizone derivatives and their S-methyl analogs were me…
This study examines whether anodic oxidation reactions at a semiconductor electrode generally require holes, as had been proposed from earlier work on germanium dissolution. The authors investigate oxidation of divalent vanadium ions at a rotating disk electrode of n-type single-crystal germanium in…
This study examines how tribenzylamine affects the electrochemical reduction of the persulfate anion at a dropping mercury electrode, addressing earlier observations that it could inhibit rather than accelerate the reaction. Polarographic measurements show that in dilute acidic solutions tribenzylam…
This paper examines the reaction of carbon dioxide with aluminum trialkyls, addressing conflicting reports on whether these organoaluminum compounds can form carboxylic acids. The authors treated triethylaluminum, tripropylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, and ethylene-derived mixtures of aluminum tria…
This study examines the elastic strength properties of plastic disperse systems and their relation to thixotropy, focusing on shear modulus and yield stress in lubricating greases. Using a concentric cylinder elastoviscosimeter with rigid and soft dynamometers, the authors measured stress deformatio…
This study examines how cation radius, valence, concentration, temperature, and load affect boundary layers of alkali and alkaline earth chloride solutions confined between negatively charged quartz surfaces. Using measurements of disk approach and separation, the authors determine boundary-layer th…
This study examines how phase composition affects the surface structure of electrodeposited alloy coatings, focusing on systems in which supersaturated solid solutions may form during electrocrystallization. Copper-bismuth, copper-tin, and tin-lead deposits were prepared from simple acidic electroly…
This paper reports the synthesis of high molecular weight hydrocarbons intended as model compounds for studying the structural group composition of heavy petroleum fractions. The authors prepared a series of previously undescribed C24 to C32 hydrocarbons with mixed aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromati…
This paper investigates the appearance of charged particles in hydrogen and hydrocarbon vapors in contact with heated metallic surfaces possessing catalytic properties. Using a sealed electrode apparatus with palladium, aluminum, copper, and carbon surfaces, the authors measured gas ionization indir…
This study examines the infrared absorption spectra of several alkyl and aryl lithium compounds in vapor, crystalline, and solution states to clarify the nature of the carbon-lithium bond and molecular association. The authors assign a band near 1050 cm-1 to the stretching vibration of the free carb…
This study examines the spatial configuration and geometrical parameters of the chloroprene molecule, with particular attention to the arrangement of its conjugated double bonds and possible rotation about the central carbon-carbon single bond. Fast electron diffraction patterns of chloroprene vapor…
This study examines gas phase polymerization of isobutylene at atmospheric pressure using boron fluoride supported on activated carbon, with attention to temperature, space velocity, support effects, and catalyst lifetime. Experiments showed that increasing temperature or space velocity reduced the …
This study examines how chemisorption of atoms and radicals affects the electrical conductivity of n-type semiconductor films, chiefly ZnO and TiO2, in comparison with molecular chemisorption. Atomic hydrogen and nitrogen were produced by discharge or gamma irradiation, while methyl radicals were ge…
This study examines oxygen isotopic exchange between free hydroxyl radicals and water, a problem relevant to radiation chemistry and oxidative reaction mechanisms. Potassium ozonide decomposition in water enriched with oxygen-18 was used as a source of hydroxyl radicals, and the isotopic composition…
This paper examines the mechanism of electrolytic polishing of metals, focusing on whether polishing proceeds through two distinct stages in which structural etching is first produced and then suppressed. Polycrystalline copper specimens were electropolished in phosphoric acid for different duration…
This paper examines color phenomena in newly prepared N-phenylglycyl derivatives of alpha-aminoanthraquinone, treated as systems containing an anthraquinone electrophilic chromophore and two electron-donor systems that are not mutually conjugated. A series of phenyl, tolyl, methoxyphenyl, and naphth…
A polarographic method is described for studying anodic and cathodic films on a dropping mercury electrode through discrete current pulses observed at constant potential. Experiments with several 0.1 N electrolytes show reproducible pulse patterns whose potential ranges, amplitudes, durations, and f…
This paper proposes a method for preparing indoles substituted in the benzene ring, motivated by the difficulty of existing Reissert, Fischer, and Bischler syntheses for such compounds. The approach reduces indole or its homologs to indolines, introduces substituents into the benzene nucleus by ordi…
This paper examines how molecular weight distribution, rather than average molecular weight alone, affects the physical properties of cellulose and cellulose-based fibers. The authors argue that cellulose homogeneity should be characterized by the concentration of material near the maximum of the ma…
This paper addresses the synthesis of indole derivatives containing divalent sulfur in the benzene ring, a class of compounds previously difficult to obtain by standard indole syntheses and of interest because of the physiological activity of related indole compounds. The authors apply a route based…
This study examines molecular diffusion near the critical region of ternary solutions, where theory suggests that a minor third component should continue to diffuse while diffusion of the two principal components is strongly reduced. Using the capillary method, the authors measured diffusion in the …
This study examines adsorption of benzene and n-hexane vapors on quartz, motivated by the relation between quartz surface chemistry and silica adsorbents and by the need to separate polymolecular adsorption from capillary condensation effects. Using adsorption calorimetry, the authors measured adsor…
The study examines the addition of ethyl mercaptan to diacetylene and the properties of the sulfur-containing products formed. Experiments under alkaline, acidic, thermal, and radical-initiated conditions showed that ethyl mercaptan first gives ethynylvinyl thioethyl ether, followed by addition of a…
This study examines the radiolysis of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate under gamma irradiation from cobalt-60, comparing its behavior with anhydrous calcium nitrate, melts of the hydrate, and concentrated aqueous solutions. Samples irradiated in vacuum at 25 degrees C were analyzed for nitrite and oxyge…
This study examines why substituents appear to affect dissociation into free nitrogen radicals differently in tetraarylhydrazines than in related hexaarylethanes and diaryl nitrogen oxides. The authors synthesized selected di- and tetrasubstituted hydrazines and investigated them by polarographic re…
This study examines the crystal structures and polymorphism of naphthazarin, focusing on an X-ray structural analysis of the dark-green needle modification. The authors report unit-cell parameters and space groups for three modifications obtained by crystallization or sublimation, then use Patterson…
This study examines the participation of thiovinyl ethers in diene synthesis with cyclopentadiene and hexachlorocyclopentadiene, focusing on vinylethyl sulfide and vinylphenyl sulfide. Through thermal reactions in autoclaves or reflux apparatus followed by fractionation and elemental characterizatio…
This paper reports a systematic study of the solubility of purified silicon tetraiodide in nonaqueous solvents relevant to recrystallization during high-purity silicon production. Solubilities were measured by Alekseev’s sealed-ampoule method under dry nitrogen in benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexa…
This paper extends Tatevskii’s bond type and subtype approach from hydrocarbons to substituted paraffin derivatives of the general formula CnH2n+2-mXm, where X is a monovalent substituent. It develops a calculation scheme in which physicochemical properties are expressed through the numbers of carbo…
This study examines whether sodium borosilicate glasses possess a chemically heterogeneous structure rather than a homogeneous random network. The authors apply small-angle X-ray scattering to polished unleached glass plates of composition 7 mol percent sodium oxide, 23 mol percent boron oxide, and …
The crystal structure of astrakhanite, Na2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O, was determined from X-ray rotation and goniometric data using direct statistical methods for phase determination and Fourier syntheses of several projections. The monoclinic cell was confirmed as a = 11.03 Å, b = 8.14 Å, c = 5.49 Å, beta = 100…
The study examines how conjugated diene hydrocarbons are reduced by hydrogen generated in situ and whether metal amides formed during reduction alter product distributions through secondary double-bond isomerization. Diisopropenyl and diisocrotyl were reduced using calcium hexammine, sodium in liqui…
The study examines the catalytic arylation of methyl- and ethyldichlorosilanes with chlorobenzene and fluorobenzene to form alkylhalophenyldichlorosilanes. Reactions were carried out in stainless-steel autoclaves using boric acid, which forms soluble silicon, oxygen, boron-containing catalytic speci…
This study examines structural changes and free-radical states formed during carbonization of polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride between 350 and 700 °C. Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to measure signal widths and infer the localization and interactions of unpaired electrons, wh…
This paper examines donor-acceptor molecular complexes formed by 9-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)acridine and 10-ethyl-9-(beta-carbomethoxyethyl)acridinium iodide, with attention to bathochromic shifts arising without a continuous intramolecular conjugated chain. Absorption spectra in ethanol and chlorofor…
Europium hexaboride, previously unsynthesized among the rare-earth hexaborides, was prepared by borocarbide reduction of europium oxide in vacuum at 1650°C. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that the product corresponds to EuB6 and has the cubic hexaboride structure with lattice parameter 4.167 ± 0.00…
