SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 680 papers in Earth & Space Sciences
This note examines limitations of the assumption that all O III energy levels can be described by LS coupling in calculations of stellar and nebular recombination spectra. By analyzing observed intercombination lines, term overlaps, and alternative coupling schemes, the author argues that several le…
This paper formulates a stationary axisymmetric nonlinear model of a cumulus cloud using dimensionless equations for radial and vertical velocity, temperature deviation, and pressure under simplifying assumptions about turbulent exchange and stratification. After showing that a small parameter permi…
This paper addresses the difficulty of detecting storms in the open North Atlantic from conventional short-period microseism records, which are strongly attenuated and often masked by coastal microseismic background. It argues that frequency-selective recording of long-period microseisms, especially…
This paper examines progressive internal waves in a continuously stratified ocean with a density profile consisting of an upper homogeneous layer and an exponentially varying main thermocline. Starting from the linear stream-function equation for two-dimensional harmonic waves, the author derives an…
This paper estimates the intensity of vertical water transfer between the sea surface and near-bottom layers in a real ocean basin, motivated by questions about the possible deep-ocean disposal of radioactive decay products. Using a quasi-stationary dynamical model of ocean circulation, the analysis…
This paper develops an approximate theory for the propagation of crystallization in supercooled clouds seeded with ice nuclei, addressing the limitation of earlier treatments that neglected the gradual fallout of growing ice crystals. The process is modeled as occurring in a narrow frontal zone sepa…
This paper examines finite-difference approximations of the atmospheric balance equation used in numerical weather prediction, arguing that conventional small-step error estimates are inadequate for practical grid spacings of several hundred kilometers. Treating meteorological fields and approximati…
This paper examines how longitudinal ultrasonic wave velocities in rock samples change under combined hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial compression, a stress condition relevant to earthquake physics and tectonophysics. Using a high-pressure apparatus with independently varied confining pressure and …
This paper examines whether gravitational convection within boreholes and conductive heat transfer along casing pipes significantly distort natural subsurface temperature distributions. Frolov describes field experiments comparing deep cased boreholes with nearby shallow uncased control boreholes, u…
This paper examines whether humidity gradients alone can generate convective motion in a cloudless, thermally neutral atmosphere. Using simplified equations for an axisymmetric turbulent jet, the author derives approximate solutions for moist convective jets formed without local moisture sources and…
This paper examines the coexistence of block structure and nearly horizontal seismic layering in the Earth’s crust and upper mantle, as revealed by recent deep seismic sounding. The authors assess possible explanations for deep seismic boundaries, rejecting their general interpretation as stratigrap…
This paper examines stationary wind-driven ocean currents in a nonlinear barotropic model that includes both vorticity advection and horizontal turbulent friction. Using an asymptotic boundary-layer construction for small parameters with the scaling gamma equals a epsilon to the three halves, the au…
This paper examines vertical air motions and turbulence structure in powerful cumulus and cumulonimbus thunderstorm clouds using flight measurements collected in 1959 to 1962 by an instrumented TU-104 aircraft at the Central Aerological Observatory. From recorded overloads, airspeed, pitch angle cha…
This paper examines whether the deflection of light in galactic gravitational fields could make otherwise screened background galaxies observable. Using the relativistic light deflection formula, it derives conditions for observing axial and off-axis screened galaxies, including limits set by galaxy…
The paper develops a vertically averaged nonadiabatic model of large-scale atmospheric motion that incorporates radiative and turbulent heat fluxes, latent heat release, and surface friction. Starting from vorticity and heat-influx equations in pressure coordinates, the authors derive a quasigeostro…
This paper examines whether the spatial distribution of O to B1 stars around the nuclei of O-associations is consistent with continuous star formation, expansion, and later disintegration of stellar associations. Using a previously derived density law for a superposed single-nucleus association, the…
This paper proposes that the optical and ultraviolet luminescence of chromospheric flares may be powered by ionization losses of fast particles produced during solar flares. Using order of magnitude flare parameters, the author estimates energy deposition by energetic protons in hydrogen and compare…
This paper examines dynamic criteria for identifying the subpolar front in the North Atlantic, defining the frontal zone through maxima in horizontal gradients of vertical current velocity as a practical equivalent to gradients in horizontal current velocity. Using 1958 spring and autumn hydrographi…
This paper examines possible applications in extragalactic astronomy of the gravitational deflection of light by galaxies, especially the observation of background “screened” galaxies whose images may appear as rings around foreground galaxies. It derives expressions for the illumination enhancement…
This paper proposes an interpretation of the Earth’s core transition layer F based on pressure-dependent crystallization in an iron, silicon liquid alloy. Using a qualitative phase-diagram argument, it suggests that silicon is progressively excluded during inner-core growth, producing density change…
The paper examines whether distant radiation belts or other regions with regular magnetic fields can be detected and characterized through their synchrotron or cyclotron emission using radio-astronomical methods. For a dipole magnetic field and a specified electron distribution, expressions are deri…
This paper examines the mechanism of the destructive 1948 Ashgabat earthquake using seismological, macroseismic, leveling, triangulation, and aftershock data from the Kopet-Dag and Pre-Kopetdag trough region. It argues against a predominantly vertical rupture and interprets the event as mainly horiz…
This paper examines plastic deformation as a possible cause of sharp internal boundaries in a self-gravitating planetary body, in addition to chemical or phase discontinuities. Starting from the classical stress distribution in a stationary elastic sphere of constant density, the authors compare inc…
This paper presents a numerical computation of the harmonic constants of the semidiurnal tidal constituent S2 for the Pacific Ocean as a whole, addressing difficulties in applying hydrodynamic tide equations to large ocean basins with open boundaries and irregular bathymetry. Using Hansen’s elliptic…
This paper reports high resolution radio astronomical observations of Venus at a wavelength of 3.02 cm using the Pulkovo variable profile antenna near inferior conjunction in October and November 1962. The authors describe calibration of the antenna pattern and analysis of transit curves to constrai…
This paper formulates and solves a linearized spatial problem for the motion of a cold lower air layer over terrain whose height is small compared with the layer thickness, using a two-layer atmospheric model with a free upper interface and Coriolis force. For subcritical flow, with velocity below t…
This paper examines whether major Antarctic geological structures are expressed in regional Faye gravity anomalies despite the continent’s substantial ice load and broad isostatic compensation. Gravity data from Soviet and foreign surveys, including profiles processed with the author’s participation…
This paper proposes a parameter-free method for estimating the depth to the top of the crystalline basement from phase curves of frequency electromagnetic soundings. Using theoretical two-layer and multilayer sounding charts for electric and magnetic field components, it relates the amplitude of the…
This paper addresses the estimation of the vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient for a monodisperse atmospheric admixture that settles under gravity after release from an instantaneous point source. Solving the turbulent diffusion equation with constant wind, settling velocity, and diffusion coef…
This paper investigates whether supercooled water droplets of cloud size can transform directly into well-faceted individual ice crystals, a question relevant to theories of secondary ice formation in the atmosphere. Laboratory experiments used distilled water droplets tens of microns in diameter co…
This paper reports direct experimental measurements of the Earth’s outgoing thermal radiation, a key component of the planetary energy balance previously estimated mainly by calculation. The authors describe infrared radiometric apparatus flown on stabilized high-altitude geophysical rockets, using …
The paper determines the crystal structure of beryllonite, NaBePO4, using X-ray diffraction data from Weissenberg photographs and analysis of interatomic-vector and electron-density projections. The study confirms the monoclinic space group P21/n and refines atomic positions through successive Fouri…
Primary inclusions in topaz crystals from Volhynian pegmatites were examined to infer the conditions of pegmatite mineral formation. The inclusions, identified as negative crystals containing abundant quartz and muscovite with cryolite, minor fluorides and chlorides, aqueous solution, and gas, were …
This paper generalizes a previous treatment of forecasting smoothed meteorological fields to a fully three-dimensional atmospheric model in which the stream function depends on horizontal coordinates, height, and time. Starting from a quasi-solenoidal dynamical equation with boundary conditions at t…
The paper examines the mathematical relationship between temperature salinity curves used to diagnose ocean water masses and the vertical stability criterion for stratified ocean waters. Starting from the seawater equation of state at atmospheric pressure and neglecting pressure corrections and the …
This paper reports measurements of electrostatic field strength near the surfaces of Soviet geophysical rockets flying in the ionosphere during three experiments in 1957 and 1958. Using pairs of electrostatic fluxmeters mounted on opposite sides of the rocket body, the study analyzes measured fields…
This paper reports radar observations of Mercury conducted in June 1962 near inferior conjunction, when the planet was 83 to 88 million km from Earth. The experiment used approximately 700 Mc transmissions with alternating telegraphic pulses, magnetic recording of weak reflected signals, Doppler com…
This paper presents a method for transforming a simplified hydrodynamic system used in short-range weather forecasting into algebraic form. The approach approximates meteorological fields and their products on a spatial grid by finite polynomial sums, integrates the governing equations over coordina…
This paper examines whether amplitude curves of longitudinal body waves can improve constraints on upper mantle velocity structure and earthquake magnitude estimates, especially at epicentral distances where travel time curves are weakly diagnostic. Using ray formula calculations, the authors compar…
This paper addresses the interpretation of transient magnetic-field establishment measurements used in electrical prospecting, particularly for regional tectonic studies in oil-bearing areas. The authors compute theoretical apparent-resistivity curves for three-layer and four-layer horizontally stra…
This paper proposes and experimentally investigates an electro-seismic effect reciprocal to the seismo-electric effect of the second kind: mechanical oscillation of a porous rock or similar rigid framework containing dissociated salt solution under an applied alternating electric potential. Laborato…
This paper examines the limits of Bouguer’s law for atmospheric light transmission when multiple scattering becomes significant. Using approximate expressions for flux received through a scattering layer and a three layer atmospheric model including ozone, it argues that deviations from exponential …
This paper examines whether the brightness variations of long-period variable stars can be explained by mechanisms other than ordinary stellar pulsation. Using reported rapid optical and near-infrared brightness changes, together with estimates of photon escape time from subphotospheric layers, it a…
This paper examines whether contemporary pulsational vertical movements of the Earth’s crust show temporal relations with solar activity. Using long tide-gauge records from more than 40 stations on the Caspian Sea, with particular attention to Baku relative to Makhachkala and other reference gauges,…
This paper develops a theoretical description of the dynamic equilibrium of a fog cloud formed by supersaturated vapor above a liquid surface in a convective airflow. The authors formulate coupled continuity and material balance equations for the droplet size distribution and vapor supersaturation, …
This paper examines the deep crustal structure of western Central Asia through a preliminary scheme of the Mohorovičić surface compiled from deep seismic sounding, seismological observations, and quantitative interpretation of Bouguer gravity anomalies. The study identifies a general increase in cru…
