SovietRxiv · Open Access in English
Rediscovering the Soviet scientific archive, in English
25357 full-text translations 14926 English PDFs 22539 abstracts
Showing 50 of 25357 papers
The paper studies parametric algorithmic problems, in which one seeks a general recursive function selecting a solution for each parameter, and introduces the stronger notion of effective refutability. It proves a criterion characterizing effective refutability in terms of effectively assigning to e…
The paper presents a procedure for applying Newton’s method to compute an isolated eigenvalue of a parameter-dependent square matrix without explicitly expanding its determinant. Using orthogonal transformations, the matrix at a fixed parameter value is reduced to a triangular form whose final diago…
This paper describes a device intended to measure the integral dose from local irradiation in a single experimental operation, avoiding the need to measure absorbed dose at many points in a phantom and integrate between isodose surfaces. The proposed instrument is based on the Gauss quantometer prin…
This paper examines how to select scintillation crystal dimensions for betatron flaw detection using bremsstrahlung radiation with maximum energies of 6, 10, and 30 MeV. The authors combine a theoretical calculation of light output from sodium iodide thallium activated crystals, including self absor…
A calorimetric setup is described for absolute calibration of bremsstrahlung intensity from betatron electron accelerators, intended for detector calibration in flaw detection and nuclear physics under conditions of substantial background radiation. The design uses a single absorber lead calorimeter…
This review examines the formation, accumulation, annealing, and effects of radiation defects in ionic crystals, with primary attention to alkali halides and fluorite-type compounds as model systems. It contrasts defect production in ionic dielectrics with that in metals, arguing that electronic exc…
The paper examines whether solid-state photolysis of lead azide proceeds through ionization with formation of charge carriers and neutral azide radicals, or through an excited-state pathway that bypasses ionization. Finely dispersed lead azide was irradiated at liquid-nitrogen temperature and then w…
This study examines how the surface electric potential influences the sensitized photolysis of lead azide dyed with organic dyes. Photochemical decomposition, photoconductivity, and photopotential spectra were measured for pure lead azide and samples sensitized with several dyes, allowing the sign o…
This study examines the thermal stability and decomposition pathways of selected metal oxalates, including nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, zirconium, and thorium compounds. The authors used simultaneous thermogravimetric, differential thermogravimetric, and differential the…
This study examines how impurity additions affect initiation and detonation development in inorganic primary azides, focusing on lead azide, silver azide, and copper(II) azide systems. Compositions were prepared by precipitation from nitrate and azide solutions, pressed to constant macroscopic densi…
This study examines how organic semiconductor dyes affect the thermal stability and decomposition kinetics of silver azide. Dyes from several classes were introduced as heterogeneous additives and tested by gravimetric vacuum measurements, kinetic analysis, microscopy, and mass spectrometry. Many dy…
This study examines the gaseous products formed during thermal decomposition of guanidinium perchlorate and the influence of ferric oxide and zinc oxide additives on product composition. Gas samples produced under controlled heating in sealed evacuated ampoules were analyzed with a modified MI-1305 …
The study examines how oxide impurities affect the kinetics and gaseous products of ammonium perchlorate thermal decomposition, a problem complicated by uncertainty about both decomposition stoichiometry and catalytic mechanisms. Ammonium perchlorate mixed with 10 wt.% Co2O3, ZnO, CdO, or CaO was an…
This study examines the X-ray radiolysis of ammonium perchlorate, focusing on decomposition products of the perchlorate ion under irradiation with a maximum energy of 0.18 MeV. Product accumulation was measured as a function of absorbed dose and compared with earlier results for gamma irradiation an…
This study investigates whether the ClO3 radical, often proposed as an intermediate in the radiolysis of alkali metal chlorates, can be directly identified in irradiated sodium chlorate. Single crystals of NaClO3 were irradiated with 1.6 MeV electrons and examined by EPR spectroscopy at temperatures…
This paper investigates gamma-induced electrical conductivity in lead azide and solid solutions containing silver or copper ions, in connection with radiation decomposition and defect formation. Pressed tablets of pure and doped lead azide were irradiated with X-rays under vacuum, and dark conductiv…
A simple experimental setup is described for measuring the electrical conductivity and photoconductivity of high-resistance solids under controlled vacuum, temperature, voltage, and illumination conditions. The apparatus combines a detachable glass vacuum cell with quartz optical access, a monochrom…
This paper addresses the need to determine the actual incorporation of silver and copper cations into lead azide solid solutions, since these additives strongly affect the stability of lead azide and had often been assumed to coprecipitate quantitatively. The authors develop an amalgam accumulation …
This paper describes a procedure for growing lead azide single crystals suitable for studies of decomposition kinetics, electrophysical properties, and photo- or radiolytic products. Polycrystalline lead azide was dissolved in saturated aqueous ammonium acetate and crystallized by controlled slow co…
The paper describes an apparatus for measuring small gamma-induced currents and conductivity changes in pressed solid samples during and after ionizing irradiation. It outlines design requirements for sensitivity, low inertia, temperature control, and suppression of radiation-induced parasitic signa…
This paper describes experimental procedures for identifying and quantifying products formed during the radiolysis of alkali metal azides, with emphasis on sodium azide. The authors argue that dissolution of irradiated crystals can transform primary products and complicate interpretation, so they pr…
The paper describes an apparatus for automatically recording the flash delay time of explosives under thermal initiation, a parameter relevant to explosive sensitivity and ignition mechanisms. The proposed design places a weighed explosive charge in a thin metal foil piston attached to a falling rod…
This paper describes a simple apparatus for coupling thermal analysis of solid compounds with mass spectrometric analysis of gaseous thermolysis products. The authors present a reaction vessel that functions as part of the mass spectrometer inlet system and can be used during either isothermal decom…
The paper addresses the difficulty of identifying very small quantities of gaseous products formed during radiolysis of solid inorganic salts, most of which remain trapped in the crystal matrix and are poorly suited to conventional mass spectrometric inlet methods. It describes a simple apparatus us…
This paper describes an apparatus for investigating the kinetics of photolysis of solid inorganic compounds under monochromatic irradiation, including studies of optical and chemical sensitization. The setup combines a quartz reaction cell, high-vacuum pumping, monochromatized illumination, pressure…
This paper describes a microwave setup for investigating photoconductivity, photodielectric effects, dielectric permittivity, and dielectric losses in solid samples at about 10 GHz. The apparatus uses a klystron generator, cylindrical measuring resonators, automatic frequency control, and synchronou…
The paper describes an apparatus for controlling the temperature of samples in an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer over a broad range, from near the boiling point of liquid nitrogen to about 300 degrees Celsius, with a required stability of approximately plus or minus 1 degree Celsius. T…
This review examines the use of electrophysical methods to study elementary electronic and ionic processes involved in the thermal decomposition of solid ionic compounds. It systematizes published work using electrical conductivity and related measurements to analyze nucleation, defect formation, ch…
This review surveys contemporary understanding of photolysis and radiolysis in alkali metal azides, with emphasis on sodium and potassium azides, where experimental evidence was most developed. It synthesizes kinetic, optical, infrared, and electron paramagnetic resonance studies to assess proposed …
This paper estimates parameters for kinetic equations describing the alkaline oxymethylation of phenol, using a reaction scheme based on the Manasse mechanism and simplifying assumptions about irreversibility, reaction order, formaldehyde consumption, and catalyst dependence. The authors formulate a…
This paper examines side reactions occurring during the dehydration of 9-(2-hydroxy)ethylcarbazole with caustic potash to produce 9-vinylcarbazole. It identifies cleavage of the oxyethyl group as a source of carbazole contamination and argues that omitting the usual water treatment allows carbazole …
This study examines cracking and explosive destruction of wet iron ore pellets during drying, a problem that reduces pellet strength, bed permeability, and firing productivity. Pellets prepared from an industrial Sokolovsko-Sarbaisky burden were dried singly and in a 100 mm bed at controlled furnace…
This study examines the role of electrokinetic phenomena in wet pelletizing of iron ore concentrates and related disperse materials. Using the osmotic method, the authors measured zeta potentials of Sokolovsko Sarbaiskii concentrate, limestone, chalk, bentonite, return fines, and selected mixtures i…
This paper examines accessory magnetite in granites of the Permian Kamensky granitoid massif in northwestern Altai, focusing on its abundance, morphology, internal textures, trace element composition, and radioactivity across intrusive phases. Using petrographic observations, polished section study,…
This paper reexamines the stratigraphic subdivision of Devonian formations in the Kolyvan-Tomsk folded zone, where tectonic disruption, metamorphism, and Cenozoic cover complicate correlation. Using field relations, unconformities, lithologic comparison, and fossil determinations from limestones, sh…
This paper examines the geology and petrography of the Lower Cambrian paleovolcano of Mount Uronnik in Mountain Shoria, an area of practical interest because gold-bearing mineralization is associated with hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks. On the basis of mapping, petrographic description, and c…
This paper examines methodological issues in determining the economically justified development of mineral fertilizer production in Western Siberia. It argues that production capacity and location should not be based only on raw material, fuel, energy, and labor conditions, but must be assessed with…
This study examines lignin isolated from Scots pine wood by short ultrasonic treatment in aqueous acetone and compares its properties with those of Björkman lignin. Extractive-free pine sawdust was irradiated ultrasonically, the lignin was purified by precipitation and Björkman-type procedures, and …
A procedure is developed for determining trace antimony at 10^-5 to 10^-7 percent levels in high-purity lead using amalgam polarography with accumulation, without prior separation of the lead matrix. The study examines the hydrochloric acid supporting electrolyte, the proportionality of anodic peak …
This paper investigates the previously unstudied acid cleavage of phenanthrene dimethoxyperoxide, an ozonolysis product obtainable from technical phenanthrene. The authors show that strong inorganic acids in aqueous media catalyze smooth heterolytic cleavage at 80 to 100°C, producing diphenic aldehy…
This paper examines aging in steatite ceramics used for high-frequency and vacuum-tight applications, focusing on low-temperature stability below 500 degrees. Using differential thermal analysis, supported by petrographic and X-ray observations, the authors identify a weak exothermic effect around 3…
This study evaluates the suitability of peats from the Vasyugan deposit as metallurgical fuel. Eighteen samples from different sections and depths of the peat massif were analyzed for proximate and ultimate composition, ash chemistry, sulfur content, and the mechanical strength of lump products made…
This paper examines direct electrophilic iodination of aromatic compounds using elemental iodine in a mixed sulfuric and nitric acid system. The method was tested on hydrocarbons, ketones, ethers, carboxylic acids, and keto acids, with reaction conditions, yields, and melting points reported for mon…
This study examines the oxyethylation, or hydroxyethylation, of carbazole with ethylene oxide under dynamic flow conditions to produce 9-(β-hydroxyethyl)carbazole. Using a glass column packed with granulated potassium hydroxide catalyst, the authors continuously fed a saturated acetone solution of c…
This paper reports a method for preparing iodoacetic acid by direct iodination of acetic anhydride, a reaction the authors state had not previously been described. The procedure uses iodine in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid, followed by hydrolysis and extraction, and is p…
This study examines chloromethylation of crosslinked copolymers of 9-vinylcarbazole with styrene and divinylbenzene, materials of interest as precursors to ion-exchange resins. Using monochlorodimethyl ether and zinc chloride, the authors evaluate how swelling time, reaction duration, catalyst amoun…
This study examines chloromethylation as a preparative step for producing highly basic anion exchange materials from carbazole based polymers. The authors first compare several Lewis acid catalysts in the chloromethylation of 9-ethylcarbazole with monochlorodimethyl ether, observing secondary crossl…
This study examines the reaction of ethylene oxide and especially propylene oxide with benzene homologs and substituted benzenes in the presence of anhydrous stannic chloride. Using toluene, xylenes, mesitylene, chlorobenzene, and anisole, the authors varied temperature, catalyst amount, reagent rat…
This study examines the condensation of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with aromatic compounds as a route to arylalkanols, comparing several Lewis acid catalysts including aluminum chloride, titanium tetrachloride, antimony pentachloride, and stannic chloride. Reactions with benzene, m-xylene, a…
