MASSES OF LIGHT NUCLEI

B. S. Dzhelepov, L. N. Zyryanova

Submitted 1952 | SovietRxiv: ru-195201.78396 | Translated from Russian

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MASSES OF LIGHT NUCLEI

B. S. Dzhelepov and L. N. Zyryanova

I. INTRODUCTION

At the present time four principal methods are used to determine nuclear masses: mass-spectrometric measurements, the method of nuclear reactions, the study of decay schemes of radioactive isotopes, and the microwave method. During the last three years the accuracy of each of these methods has increased severalfold; therefore the existing mass tables of Bethe¹ (1947) and of Mattauch and Flammersfeld² (1948) have become outdated to a considerable extent. Determining masses from new experimental data requires a revision of the entire mass table, since any method provides information not about individual masses, but about one or another of their combinations.

The tables of masses of light nuclei that appeared in 1951 are not complete, and, moreover, an essential shortcoming of them is that in constructing them the authors used data from only one method: the tables of Nier³ and Ewald⁴ are based on mass-spectrometric doublets; Li, Whaling, et al.⁵ proceed only from the energies of nuclear transformations.

These circumstances compelled us, in order to determine the masses of light nuclei, to undertake anew a processing of all available materials. The article presents experimental data published up to March 1, 1952, describes the principles of their processing, and gives a complete table of nuclear masses for $Z \leqslant 20$.

II. ADVANCES ACHIEVED IN THE DETERMINATION OF NUCLEAR MASSES

In recent years considerable advances have been achieved in the development of all methods that give information on nuclear masses. We shall briefly characterize them in this section.

1. Measurements of the Energies of Nuclear Reactions

For many years the energy released or absorbed in a nuclear reaction was determined from the range of the reaction products. Such determinations are always associated with considerable errors; first, an unavoidable spread of ranges occurs; second, the relation between range and energy is expressed only by empirical formulas.

or by graphs, which are established with a certain error. A substantial advance is the transition to magnetic analysis of the reaction products, apparently begun in 1948.[^6] The accuracy of energy measurement by the method of magnetic analysis can be brought to fractions of a percent; however, in order for this accuracy to be realized, a number of additional conditions must be fulfilled.

The primary beam of protons, deuterons, or α-particles must be monochromatized at least to the same accuracy. This is achieved by using, as particle accelerators, electrostatic generators with compressed gas and automatic stabilization of the beam; after separation, the beam is usually analyzed once more by a magnetic or electrostatic deflecting device. In this way, for example, in the experiments of Fowler et al.[^7][^8] an energy width of the proton beam of less than 0.03% was achieved.

The targets must be sufficiently thin so that the particles passing through them do not undergo appreciable slowing down (for example,[^6] the thickness of a Be target is 5 keV). The use of thin targets increases the requirements on beam intensity. The need for increased intensity also follows from the fact that the reaction products must be selected in the form of a very narrow beam, since the energy of the secondary particles depends on the direction of their emission. Usually in such work the beam width[^6] is less than 0.5°.

All these circumstances make the work more difficult and narrow the range of reactions accessible for study. Practically only three laboratories have brought the accuracy of magnetic analysis to 10 keV.[^9][^10][^11] The total weight of the results obtained by them in 1949–1951 amounts to 20% of the total weight for nuclear reactions. It may be expected that the relative weight of these investigations will increase in the future, since the possibilities of the method are far from exhausted, and the number of reactions to which it can be applied is very large.

Devices that select a well-monochromatized beam of protons have made it possible to increase considerably the accuracy of determining the threshold of reactions of the type (p, n). At present, in as many as 8 reactions the threshold has been determined with an error of less than 4 keV. The total weight of these measurements, owing to their high accuracy, amounts to 54% of the weight of all results obtained by the method of nuclear reactions. Great success has also been achieved in determining the energy of reactions of the type (n, γ), proceeding with the capture of thermal neutrons. The possibility of using very intense beams of slow neutrons has made it possible to apply to the γ-rays that appear the most precise methods of γ-spectroscopy. In the work of Kinsey et al.[^13] the energy of capture γ-rays is determined with the aid of a magnetic spectrometer, in which the energy of electron–positron pairs created by γ-quanta is measured. In a number of cases the energy of hard γ-quanta can be measured with an accuracy of 0.1–0.2%. Undoubtedly, this method has a great future.

2. Measurements of the Widths of Mass-Spectrometric Doublets

In recent years, Nier has succeeded¹³ in considerably improving the old doublet method, unquestionably the most accurate of all mass-spectrometric methods. These improvements concerned chiefly the stabilization of the magnetic field and of the accelerating voltage. In parallel with the main spectrograph, a second spectrograph was installed in the same magnetic field, at whose exit there were two plates. Under normal operating conditions the ion beam was to charge both plates equally; if, however, the current in the magnet or the accelerating voltage changed, the plates were charged unequally, and the difference current, through a special amplifier, returned the current and voltage to their former values. This device and several other improvements made it possible to increase the accuracy of doublet measurements severalfold (in individual cases, up to 20 times). As a result, mass-spectrometric measurements have again almost “caught up” in accuracy with the method of nuclear reactions: the widths of the doublets $D_2 — He^4$, $CH_2 — N^{14}$, $CH_4 — O^{16}$, and others have been measured with an error of about $10^{-5}$ mass units, i.e. $\simeq 10$ keV in energy units. However, the number of doublets determined with such accuracy is still small, and therefore the total weight of mass-spectrometric measurements amounts to about 11%, whereas nuclear reactions account for 54%.

3. Measurement of Decay Energy

Measurements of the upper limit of the $\beta$-spectrum and of the energy of $\gamma$-rays following $\beta$-particles can provide very precise information about the mass differences of the initial and final nuclei. The improvement observed in recent times in the accuracy of determining the limits of $\beta$-spectra is connected with two circumstances: first, preparations with greater specific activity have become available. This makes it possible to use thinner sources and thus eliminate distortions of the spectrum associated with the scattering and absorption of electrons in the source. Second, the construction of magnetic spectrometers with improved focusing has made it possible to eliminate distortions of the spectrum near the limit that arose because of the large energy width of the focus. Determination of the boundary of the $\beta$-spectrum by extrapolating the straight-line portion of a Kurie plot has in a number of cases been carried out with an error of less than 5 keV.

In those cases when $\beta$-decay does not proceed to the ground level of the daughter nucleus, it is necessary to know the position of this level. Sometimes this is done by measuring the energy of the $\gamma$-rays accompanying the $\beta$-decay (for example, $Al^{28} \to Si^{28}$) or a reaction; sometimes more precise information about the position of the level is provided by magnetic analysis of pro-

products. The technique of γ-spectrometry has advanced greatly in recent years, and now the measurement of γ-ray energies with an error of 3–5 kev no longer appears excessively difficult. As a result, the data obtained from decay schemes sometimes even exceed in accuracy the data of measurements by the first two methods; however, it should be remembered that these data connect pairwise only neighboring nuclei, whereas in the first two methods the choice of objects is broader.

Total weight of the results of mass determinations by the methods: (a) nuclear reactions, (b) radioactive transformations, (c) mass-spectrometric measurements. Curve (b) does not include the reactions H³(β⁻)He³ (error 0.2 kev, 1949) and S³⁵(—)Cl³⁵ (error 0.5 kev, 1950). The weight of the results of microwave determinations is negligibly small and cannot be shown on the graph.

4. Microwave method

Beginning in 1948, a new, microwave method has been used for determining masses; it makes it possible to find certain mass combinations from the frequencies of radio waves resonantly absorbed by one gas or another¹⁴–²³. Let us consider a linear molecule, for example OCS. This molecule, in addition to other motions, can execute quantized rotational oscillations about an axis perpendicular to the molecular axis and passing through its center of gravity. The difference of energies in states with total orbital angular momentum $I \dfrac{h}{2\pi}$ and $(I+1)\dfrac{h}{2\pi}$ is small—of the order of $10^{-4}$ ev. When the molecule is irradiated with electromagnetic waves of a suitable frequency, transitions between the states $I$ and $I+1$ can occur. The frequency corresponding to these transitions is, to good accuracy, expressed by the simple formula

\[ \nu=\frac{h(I+1)}{4\pi^{2}I_{0}}, \tag{*} \]

where $I_{0}$ is the moment of inertia of the molecule with respect to the indicated axis:

\[ I_{0}=\frac{m_{1}m_{2}m_{3}}{m_{1}+m_{2}+m_{3}} \left\{ \frac{l_{1}^{2}}{m_{3}}+\frac{l_{2}^{2}}{m_{1}}+\frac{(l_{1}+l_{2})^{2}}{m_{2}} \right\}; \tag{**} \]

$m_1, m_2, m_3$ are the masses of O, C, and S; $l_1$ is the distance between the O—C nuclei, $l_2$ the distance between the C—S nuclei.

Suppose now that, in place of the sulfur atom, the isotopes $S^{32}$, $S^{34}$, and $S^{35}$, with masses $m_3'$, $m_3''$, and $m_3'''$, are present in turn. Then resonance absorption will occur at three close frequencies $\nu'$, $\nu''$, and $\nu'''$, which excite analogous transitions.

If $I_0$, $l_1$, and $l_2$ are eliminated from the equations written above, one obtains the relation${}^{23}$

\[ \frac{m_3' - m_3''}{m_3' - m_3'''} = \frac{\nu''-\nu'}{\nu'''-\nu'}\cdot \frac{\nu'''}{\nu''}\cdot \frac{m_1+m_2+m_3''}{m_1+m_2+m_3'''} . \tag{***} \]

Thus, the accuracy with which the indicated combination of masses can be found is determined by the accuracy of measuring small frequency differences. For the transition $J=1 \to 2$ in the OCS molecule these frequencies lie in the region $\sim 2.4\cdot 10^{10}\ \mathrm{sec}^{-1}$. Frequency measurement in this region is carried out with exceptionally high accuracy—up to $0.00001\%$. Frequency differences are determined with an accuracy up to $0.0001\%$, and the mass differences become known with approximately the same accuracy. If $\Delta m_3 \simeq 1$ mass unit, then by formula () the difference is determined with an error of 1 kev. In reality, however, this accuracy is unattainable. The original formulas () and () themselves are not accurate to such a degree. Formula () for $\nu$ does not contain small terms that must take account of vibrational-rotational motions. Moreover, in deriving formula (*) one cannot regard $l_1$ and $l_2$ as exactly identical for different $m_3$. The differences in the mechanical and quadrupole moments of the atoms $m_3'$, $m_3''$, and $m_3'''$ must also be reflected in the formulas used.

Investigations show that these not entirely clear methodological questions require increasing the error by approximately a factor of 100.${}^{23}$ The results obtained by this method still have, in essence, a preliminary character; their real weight is small, and we have not included them in the list of source materials for mass determination. A comparison of the results of microwave determinations with the data of other methods is given in Section VI. The successes achieved in recent years in the four methods listed are illustrated by the figure. Years are plotted on the abscissa, and on the ordinate—the total weight of the results obtained by each of the methods.

III. SOURCE MATERIAL

The first four columns of Table I give the experimental data that were used for calculating masses: a) $Q$—energies of nuclear reactions; b) $E$—energies of $\beta$- and $\gamma$-transitions of nuclei to ground states; c) $\Delta M$—values of mass doublets. The table includes all data published up to March 1, 1952, with the exception of five reactions, see Table VI, Nos. 1—5. The meanings of the remaining columns of the table are indicated below.

Table I

a) Nuclear reactions*)

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value of $Q$, MeV	Weight$^{1}$	Adopted value of $Q$, MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
1	$\mathrm{H}(n,\gamma)\mathrm{D}$	148	$2.225$	0	see No. 2		$2.225\pm0.003$
1	Same	231	$2.2$	0	see No. 2		$2.225\pm0.003$
1	"	38	$2.232\pm0.005$	0	see No. 2		$2.225\pm0.003$
1	"	295, 296	$2.21$	0	see No. 2		$2.225\pm0.003$
1	"	42	$2.230\pm0.007$	$200^{2}$	see No. 2		$2.225\pm0.003$
2	$\mathrm{D}(\gamma,p)n$	91	$-2.14\pm0.08$	0			—
2	Same	92	$-2.25\pm0.05$	0			—
2	"	437	$-2.16\pm0.04$	0			—
2	"	380	$-2.189\pm0.022$	0			—
2	"	327	$-2.18\pm0.07$	0			—
2	"	337	$-2.174\pm0.050$	0			—
2	"	233	$-2.189\pm0.007^{4}$	200			—
2	"	283	$-2.183\pm0.012$	0			—
2	"	412	$-2.185\pm0.006^{4}$	280			—
2	"	380	$-2.181\pm0.03$	11			—
2	"	403	$-2.24\pm0.05$	0			—
2	"	284	$-2.186\pm0.005^{4}$	400			—
2	"	275	$-2.21\pm0.05$	0			—
2	"	289	$-2.226\pm0.003$	1100	$-2.211\pm0.005^{3}$	400	$-2.225\pm0.003$

*) Notes $^{1}$, $^{3}$, etc., on p. 507.

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$ in Mev	Weight	Accepted value $Q$ in Mev	Weight	Value $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
3	$\mathrm{D}(p,n)2p$	371	$-2.227 \pm 0.010$	100	See No. 2		$-2.225 \pm 0.003$
4	$\mathrm{D}(n,\gamma)\mathrm{H}^3$	236	$6.251 \pm 0.008$	160	$6.251 \pm 0.008$	160	$6.260 \pm 0.005$
5	$\mathrm{D}(d,p)\mathrm{H}^3$	305	$3.98 \pm 0.02$	25
5	Same	391	$4.036 \pm 0.022$	0
5	”	392	$4.039 \pm 0.012$	69
5	”	212	$3.96$	0
5	”	385	$4.030 \pm 0.006$	280	$4.028 \pm 0.006^{3})$	280	$4.035 \pm 0.006$
6	$\mathrm{D}(p,\gamma)\mathrm{He}^3$	152	$6.3 \pm 0.3$	0.11	$6.3 \pm 0.3$	0.11	$5.498 \pm 0.005$
7	$\mathrm{D}(d,n)\mathrm{He}^3$	26	$3.1$	0
7	Same	61	$3.29 \pm 0.08$	0
7	”	63	$3.31 \pm 0.03$	0
7	”	258	$3.23 \pm 0.02$	25
7	”	14	$3.35 \pm 0.05$	4
7	”	19	$3.30 \pm 0.02^{5})$	25
7	”	258	$3.27 \pm 0.03$	11
7	”	391	$3.256 \pm 0.018$	0
7	”	392	$3.265 \pm 0.009$	120
7	”	377	$3.23 \pm 0.04$	6	$3.270 \pm 0.010^{3})$	100	$3.272 \pm 0.006$
8	$\mathrm{T}(d,\alpha)n$	418	$17.578 \pm 0.030$	0			$17.582 \pm 0.006$
9	$\mathrm{H}^3(p,n)\mathrm{He}^3$	389	$-0.7637 \pm 0.0010$	10000
9	Same	65	$-0.7647 \pm 0.0012$	6900	$-0.7641 \pm 0.0008$	17000	$-0.763 \pm 0.007$
10	$\mathrm{He}^3(n,p)\mathrm{H}^3$	207	$0.736 \pm 0.025$	0

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value of $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Adopted value of $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
11	$\mathrm{He}^3(n,p)\mathrm{H}^3$	218	$0.764 \pm 0.025$	16
	*	153	$0.763 \pm 0.010$	0			$0.763 \pm 0.007$
	*	154	$0.766 \pm 0.010$	100	See No. 9
	$\mathrm{T}(p,\gamma)\mathrm{He}^4$	634	$19.2 \pm 0.10$	0
	Same	335	$19.7 \pm 0.3$	0.11	$19.7 \pm 0.3$	0.11	$19.807 \pm 0.005$
	Same	430	$18.48 \pm 0.15$	0.44	$18.48 \pm 0.15$	0.44	$18.344 \pm 0.006$
12	$\mathrm{He}^3(d,p)\mathrm{He}^4$	174	$-2.9$	9
13	$\mathrm{He}^4(d,p)\mathrm{He}^5$	255	$4.67 \pm 0.05$	0
	Same	257	$4.80 \pm 0.04$	6
14	$\mathrm{Li}^6(n,\alpha)\mathrm{H}^3$	354	4.97	0
	Same	142	$4.70 \pm 0.30$	0
	Same	96	$4.660 \pm 0.60$	0
	Same	296	$4.69 \pm 0.10$	1
	Same	55	$4.56 \pm 0.08$	2
	Same	55	$4.59 \pm 0.37$	11
	Same	109	$4.69 \pm 0.06$	3
	Same	141	$4.804 \pm 0.022$	20
15	$\mathrm{Li}^6(p,\alpha)\mathrm{He}^3$	143	$4.77 \pm 0.15$	0.44	$4.822 \pm 0.022$	20	$4.779 \pm 0.008$
	Same	298	$3.72 \pm 0.08$	0
	Same	314	$3.945 \pm 0.06$	3
	Same	288	$3.94 \pm 0.08$	0
	Same	13	$3.94 \pm 0.08$	0
	Same	393	$4.017 \pm 0.022$	0

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value of $Q$, MeV	Weight	Adopted value of $Q$, MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$ calculated from masses (Table II)
	$\mathrm{Li}^6(p,\alpha)\mathrm{He}^3$	85	$3.97 \pm 0.03$	11	$4.020 \pm 0.003$	1100	$4.016 \pm 0.008$
	Same	385	$4.021 \pm 0.006$	280	$4.020 \pm 0.003$	1100	$4.016 \pm 0.008$
	Same	253	$4.017 \pm 0.012$	69	$4.020 \pm 0.003$	1100	$4.016 \pm 0.008$
	Same	101	$4.015 \pm 0.006$	280	$4.020 \pm 0.003$	1100	$4.016 \pm 0.008$
	Same	418	$4.024 \pm 0.005$	400	$4.020 \pm 0.003$	1100	$4.016 \pm 0.008$
16	$\mathrm{Li}^6(d,\alpha)\mathrm{He}^4$	368	$22.20 \pm 0.04$	6	$22.20 \pm 0.04$	6	$22.361 \pm 0.007$
17	$\mathrm{Li}^6(d,p)\mathrm{Li}^7$	104	$5.02 \pm 0.12$	0	$5.019 \pm 0.007$	200	$5.026 \pm 0.009$
	Same	381	$5.006 \pm 0.014$	0	$5.019 \pm 0.007$	200	$5.026 \pm 0.009$
	Same	76	$5.006 \pm 0.014$	0	$5.019 \pm 0.007$	200	$5.026 \pm 0.009$
	Same	385	$5.019 \pm 0.007$	200	$5.019 \pm 0.007$	200	$5.026 \pm 0.009$
18	$\mathrm{Li}^6(d,n)\mathrm{Be}^7$	264	$3.30$	0	$3.40 \pm 0.05$	4	$3.381 \pm 0.009$
	Same	419	$3.27$	0	$3.40 \pm 0.05$	4	$3.381 \pm 0.009$
	Same	164	$3.40 \pm 0.05$	4	$3.40 \pm 0.05$	4	$3.381 \pm 0.009$
19	$\mathrm{Li}^7(p,\alpha)\mathrm{He}^4$	368	$17.28 \pm 0.03$	0	$17.336 \pm 0.007$	190	$17.335 \pm 0.007$
	Same	101	$17.325 \pm 0.013$	59	$17.336 \pm 0.007$	190	$17.335 \pm 0.007$
	Same	420	$17.338 \pm 0.011$	83	$17.336 \pm 0.007$	190	$17.335 \pm 0.007$
	Same	384	$17.340 \pm 0.014$	51	$17.336 \pm 0.007$	190	$17.335 \pm 0.007$
	Same	385	$17.340 \pm 0.014$	0	$17.336 \pm 0.007$	190	$17.335 \pm 0.007$
20	$\mathrm{Li}^7(d,\alpha)\mathrm{He}^5$	411	$14.0$	$^{6)}$
	Same	415	$14.3$
	Same	248	$13.43$
21	$\mathrm{Li}^7(\gamma,p)\mathrm{He}^6$	37	$-9.5 \pm 0.3$	$^{6)}$
	Same	275	$-9.8 \pm 0.5$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$, MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$, MeV	Weight	Value $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
22	$\mathrm{Li}^7(d,p)\mathrm{Li}^8$	345	$-0,200 \pm 0,030$	0	$-0,1919 \pm 0,0010$	10000	$-0,192 \pm 0,010$
22	Same	445	$-0,18$	0	$-0,1919 \pm 0,0010$	10000	$-0,192 \pm 0,010$
22	Same	381	$-0,193 \pm 0,008$	0	$-0,1919 \pm 0,0010$	10000	$-0,192 \pm 0,010$
22	Same	308	$-0,187 \pm 0,010$	100	$-0,1919 \pm 0,0010$	10000	$-0,192 \pm 0,010$
22	Same	77	$-0,188 \pm 0,007$	200	$-0,1919 \pm 0,0010$	10000	$-0,192 \pm 0,010$
22	Same	216	$-0,2$	0	$-0,1919 \pm 0,0010$	10000	$-0,192 \pm 0,010$
22	Same	76	$-0,193 \pm 0,008$	0	$-0,1919 \pm 0,0010$	10000	$-0,192 \pm 0,010$
22	Same	385	$-0,188 \pm 0,007$	0	$-0,1919 \pm 0,0010$	10000	$-0,192 \pm 0,010$
22	Same	418	$-0,192 \pm 0,001$	10000	$-0,1919 \pm 0,0010$	10000	$-0,192 \pm 0,010$
23	$\mathrm{Li}^7(p,n)\mathrm{Be}^7$	178	$-1,6476 \pm 0,0049$	420	$-1,6455 \pm 0,0010$	11000	$-1,645 \pm 0,009$
23	Same	187	$-1,6456 \pm 0,0016$	3900	$-1,6455 \pm 0,0010$	11000	$-1,645 \pm 0,009$
23	Same	361	$-1,6461 \pm 0,0019$	0	$-1,6455 \pm 0,0010$	11000	$-1,645 \pm 0,009$
23	Same	362	$-1,6449 \pm 0,0016$	3900	$-1,6455 \pm 0,0010$	11000	$-1,645 \pm 0,009$
23	Same	93	$-1,646 \pm 0,002$	2500	$-1,6455 \pm 0,0010$	11000	$-1,645 \pm 0,009$
23	Same	441	$-1,65 \pm 0,04$	0	$-1,6455 \pm 0,0010$	11000	$-1,645 \pm 0,009$
23	Same	253	$-1,6457 \pm 0,002$	0	$-1,6455 \pm 0,0010$	11000	$-1,645 \pm 0,009$
24	$\mathrm{Li}^7(p,\gamma)\mathrm{Be}^8$	404	$17,2 \pm 0,2$	0,25	$17,2 \pm 0,2$	0,25	$17,247 \pm 0,008$
25	$\mathrm{Li}^7(d,n)\mathrm{Be}^8$	58	$14,55$	0	$15,0 \pm 0,15$	0,44	$15,022 \pm 0,009$
25	Same	171	$15,0 \pm 0,15$	0,44	$15,0 \pm 0,15$	0,44	$15,022 \pm 0,009$
25	Same	216	$15,0$	0	$15,0 \pm 0,15$	0,44	$15,022 \pm 0,009$
26	$\mathrm{Be}^9(p,\alpha)\mathrm{Li}^7$	10	$2,115 \pm 0,040$	0
26	Same	11	$2,152 \pm 0,040$	0
26	Same	11	$2,078 \pm 0,040$	6

Continuation of Table 1

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value of $Q$, MeV	Weight	Adopted value of $Q$, MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$ calculated from masses (Table II)
	$\mathrm{Be}^{9}(p,\alpha)\mathrm{Li}^{7}$	12	$2.114 \pm 0.040$	0	$2.127 \pm 0.003$	1200	$2.126 \pm 0.008$
	Same	12	$2.074 \pm 0.03$	11	$2.127 \pm 0.003$	1200	$2.126 \pm 0.008$
	”	270	$2.078 \mp 0.040$	0	$2.127 \pm 0.003$	1200	$2.126 \pm 0.008$
	”	120	$2.074 \pm 0.030$	0	$2.127 \pm 0.003$	1200	$2.126 \pm 0.008$
	”	393	$2.121 \pm 0.012$	0	$2.127 \pm 0.003$	1200	$2.126 \pm 0.008$
	”	385	$2.142 \pm 0.006$	280	$2.127 \pm 0.003$	1200	$2.126 \pm 0.008$
	”	253	$2.121 \pm 0.007$	200	$2.127 \pm 0.003$	1200	$2.126 \pm 0.008$
	”	418	$2.123 \pm 0.004$	620	$2.127 \pm 0.003$	1200	$2.126 \pm 0.008$
	”	89	$2.130 \pm 0.010$	100	$2.127 \pm 0.003$	1200	$2.126 \pm 0.008$
27	$\mathrm{Be}^{9}(d,\alpha)\mathrm{Li}^{7}$	306	$7.19 \pm 0.12$	0	$7.153 \pm 0.005$	400	$7.152 \pm 0.009$
	Same	168	$7.093 \pm 0.022$	0	$7.153 \pm 0.005$	400	$7.152 \pm 0.009$
	”	75	$7.145 \pm 0.024$	0	$7.153 \pm 0.005$	400	$7.152 \pm 0.009$
	”	76	$7.145 \pm 0.024$	0	$7.153 \pm 0.005$	400	$7.152 \pm 0.009$
	”	212	$7.16$	0	$7.153 \pm 0.005$	400	$7.152 \pm 0.009$
	”	421	$7.151 \pm 0.010$	100	$7.153 \pm 0.005$	400	$7.152 \pm 0.009$
	”	385	$7.150 \pm 0.008$	160	$7.153 \pm 0.005$	400	$7.152 \pm 0.009$
	”	418	$7.159 \pm 0.009$	120	$7.153 \pm 0.005$	400	$7.152 \pm 0.009$
28	$\mathrm{Be}^{9}(\gamma,p)\mathrm{Li}^{8}$	302	$-18 \pm 1$	0.01	$-18 \pm 1$	0.01	$-16.882 \pm 0.010$
29	$\mathrm{Be}^{9}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{Be}^{8}$	99	$-1.63 \pm 0.05$	0
	Same	283	$-1.627 \pm 0.010$	100
	”	412	$-1.630 \pm 0.006$	280
	”	403	$-1.667$	0
	”	179	$-1.681 \pm 0.013$	59

Continuation of Table I

Item No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
30	$\mathrm{Be}^{9}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{Be}^{8}$	289	$-1,666\pm0,002$	2500	$-1,662\pm0,005^{3})$	400	$-1,668\pm0,008$
30	$\mathrm{Be}^{9}(p,d)\mathrm{Be}^{8}$	11	$0,556\pm0,006$		$0,5545\pm0,0018^{3})$	3000	$0,557\pm0,008$
30	Same	270	$0,534\pm0,006$	280	$0,5545\pm0,0018^{3})$	3000	$0,557\pm0,008$
30	Same	12	$0,547\pm0,006$	280	$0,5545\pm0,0018^{3})$	3000	$0,557\pm0,008$
30	Same	120	$0,541\pm0,003$	1100	$0,5545\pm0,0018^{3})$	3000	$0,557\pm0,008$
30	Same	393	$0,558\pm0,003$	1100	$0,5545\pm0,0018^{3})$	3000	$0,557\pm0,008$
30	Same	289	$0,560\pm0,004$	620	$0,5545\pm0,0018^{3})$	3000	$0,557\pm0,008$
30	Same	350	$0,560\pm0,013$	59	$0,5545\pm0,0018^{3})$	3000	$0,557\pm0,008$
30	Same	385	$0,562\pm0,004$	620	$0,5545\pm0,0018^{3})$	3000	$0,557\pm0,008$
30	Same	418	$0,558\pm0,002$	2500	$0,5545\pm0,0018^{3})$	3000	$0,557\pm0,008$
30	Same	89	$0,558\pm0,005$	400	$0,5545\pm0,0018^{3})$	3000	$0,557\pm0,008$
31	$\mathrm{Be}^{9}(d,t)\mathrm{Be}^{8}$	416	$4,32$	0	$4,609\pm0,012^{3})$	69	$4,592\pm0,009$
31	Same	129	$4,67\pm0,03$	11	$4,609\pm0,012^{3})$	69	$4,592\pm0,009$
31	Same	385	$4,597\pm0,013$	59	$4,609\pm0,012^{3})$	69	$4,592\pm0,009$
31	Same	326	$4,61\pm0,04$	6	$4,609\pm0,012^{3})$	69	$4,592\pm0,009$
32	$\mathrm{Be}^{9}(n,\gamma)\mathrm{Be}^{10}$	234	$6,80\pm0,010$	0	$6,797\pm0,008$	160	$6,806\pm0,010$
32	Same	235	$6,797\pm0,008$	160	$6,797\pm0,008$	160	$6,806\pm0,010$
33	$\mathrm{Be}^{9}(d,p)\mathrm{Be}^{10}$	306	$4,59\pm0,11$	0
33	Same	318	$4,52$	0
33	Same	5	$4,59\pm0,05$	4
33	Same	248	$4,51\pm0,10$	0
33	Same	6	$4,59\pm0,05$	0
33	Same	439	$4,58$	0

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value; $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
34	$\mathrm{Be}^9(d,p)\mathrm{Be}^{10}$	75	$4.576 \pm 0.012$	0
34	Same	212	$4.68$	0
34	”	76	$4.576 \pm 0.012$	0
34	”	350	$4.55 \pm 0.03$	11
34	”	385	$4.585 \pm 0.008$	160
34	”	238	$4.591 \pm 0.008$	160	$4.587 \pm 0.006$	320	$4.581 \pm 0.010$
34	$\mathrm{Be}^9(p,n)\mathrm{B}^9$	184	$-2.03$	0
34	Same	178	$-1.851 \pm 0.006$	280
34	”	196	$-1.852 \pm 0.002$	0
34	”	329	$-1.852 \pm 0.002$	0
34	”	330	$-1.852 \pm 0.002$	2500	$-1.8520 \pm 0.0019$	2800	$-1.852 \pm 0.009$
35	$\mathrm{Be}^9(d,n)\mathrm{B}^{10}$	60	$4.20$	0
35	Same	424	$4.39$	0
35	”	425	$4.39 \pm 0.10$	1	$4.39 \pm 0.10$	1	$4.357 \pm 0.010$
36	$\mathrm{Be}^9(\alpha,d)\mathrm{B}^{11}$	279	$-8.01 \pm 0.05$	4	$-8.01 \pm 0.05$	4	$-8.025 \pm 0.009$
37	$\mathrm{Be}^9(\alpha,p)\mathrm{B}^{12}$	278	$-7.02$	0
37	Same	279	$-6.92 \pm 0.05$	4	$-6.92 \pm 0.05$	4	$-6.890 \pm 0.012$
38	$\mathrm{Be}^9(\alpha,n)\mathrm{C}^{12}$	68	$5.65 \pm 0.11$	0.83
38	Same	68	$5.78 \pm 0.11$	0.83	$5.72 \pm 0.08$	1.6	$5.696 \pm 0.008$
39	$\mathrm{B}^{10}(n,\alpha)\mathrm{Li}^{7}$	271, 147	$2.90$	0
39	Same	257	$2.75 \pm 0.08$	0
39	”	413	$2.99$	0
39	”	54	$2.82$	0

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value of $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Adopted value of $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
40	$B^{10}(n,\gamma)Li^{7}$	215	$2.785\pm0.025$	16
40	Same	218	$2.788\pm0.010$	100
40	"	447	$2.85\pm0.10$	0
40	"	84	$2.80\pm0.05$	0
40	"	396	$2.795\pm0.004$	620
40	"	177	$2.793\pm0.027$	13
40	"	143	$2.83\pm0.15$	0	$2.794\pm0.004$	740	$2.794\pm0.010$
40	$B^{10}(p,\alpha)Be^{7}$	82	$1.11\pm0.06$	0
40	Same	83	$1.04\pm0.06$	0
40	"	83	$1.05\pm0.07$	0
40	"	93	$1.146\pm0.005$	0
40	"	71	$1.148\pm0.006$	280
40	"	79	$1.152\pm0.004$	620
40	"	84	$1.147\pm0.010$	100	$1.150\pm0.003$	1000	$1.149\pm0.010$
41	$B^{10}(d,\alpha)Be^{8}$	97	$17.76\pm0.08$	1.6	$17.76\pm0.08$	1.6	$17.816\pm0.009$
42	$B^{10}(\gamma,n)B^{9}$	358	$-7.6\pm0.3$	0.11	$-7.6\pm0.3$	0.11	$-8.435\pm0.010$
43	$B^{10}(d,p)B^{11}$	97	$9.14\pm0.06$	2.8
43	Same	161	$9.1\pm0.4$	0
43	"	175	$8.6$	0
43	"	317	$9.22\pm0.20$	0
43	"	34	$9.18\pm0.06$	0
43	"	78	$9.279\pm0.020$	0
43	"	34	$9.18\pm0.05$	4
43	"	385	$9.235\pm0.011$	83	$9.230\pm0.011$	90	$9.234\pm0.010$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
44	$B^{10}(p,n)C^{10}$	30	$-5,1$	0			$-4,71 \pm 0,10$
45	$B^{10}(d,n)C^{11}$	60	$6,08$	0
	Same	163	$6,59 \pm 0,10$	1	$6,59 \pm 0,10$	1	$6,465 \pm 0,010$
46	$B^{10}(\alpha,p)C^{13}$	271	$3,7$	0
	Same	432	$4,16$	0
	Same	220	$3,86$	0
	Same	280	$3,85$	0
	Same	106	$4,07 \pm 0,20$	0,25
	Same	313	$4,08 \pm 0,12$	0,69	$4,08 \pm 0,10$	0,94	$4,061 \pm 0,009$
47	$B^{11}(p,\alpha)Be^{8}$	306	$8,60 \pm 0,10$	0
	Same	385	$8,567 \pm 0,011$	83
	Same	252, 253	$8,574 \pm 0,014$	51	$8,570 \pm 0,009$	130	$8,582 \pm 0,008$
48	$B^{11}(d,\alpha)Be^{9}$	97	$8,13 \pm 0,12$	0
	Same	397, 399	$8,018 \pm 0,007$	200	$8,018 \pm 0,007$	200	$8,025 \pm 0,009$
49	$B^{11}(\gamma,n)B^{10}$	358	$-11,1 \pm 0,3$	0,11	$-11,1 \pm 0,3$	0,11	$-11,460 \pm 0,009$
50	$B^{11}(d,p)B^{12}$	202	$1,25$	0
	Same	383	$1,136 \pm 0,004$	0
	Same	79	$1,136 \pm 0,005$	400	$1,136 \pm 0,005$	400	$1,135 \pm 0,012$
51	$B^{11}(p,n)C^{11}$	183	$-2,76 \pm 0,01$	0
	Same	184	$-2,72 \pm 0,03$	0
	Same	329	$-2,762 \pm 0,003$	0
	Same	330	$-2,762 \pm 0,003$	1100	$-2,762 \pm 0,003$	1100	$-2,769 \pm 0,009$
52	$B^{11}(d,n)C^{12}$	60	$13,4$	0
	Same	163	$13,92 \pm 0,15$	0,44	$13,92 \pm 0,15$	0,44	$13,721 \pm 0,008$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
53	$B^{11}(\alpha,p)C^{14}$	316	$0.66 \pm 0.30$	0
	Same	106	$0.85 \pm 0.20$	0
	”	367	$0.63$	0
	”	159	$0.75 \pm 0.01$	100	$0.75 \pm 0.01$	100	$0.772 \pm 0.008$
54	$C^{12}(\gamma,n)C^{11}$	274	$-18.7 \pm 0.1$	1	$-18.7 \pm 0.1$	1	$-18.715 \pm 0.008$
55	$C^{12}(n,\gamma)C^{13}$	234, 235	$4.947 \pm 0.010$	100
	Same	414	$4.95 \pm 0.05$	4	$4.947 \pm 0.010$	104	$4.948 \pm 0.007$
56	$C^{12}(d,p)C^{13}$	98	$2.71 \pm 0.05$	0
	Same	211	$2.38 \pm 0.15$	0
	”	174	$2.6$	0
	”	192	$2.72$	0
	”	74	$2.729 \pm 0.009$	0
	”	385	$2.716 \pm 0.005$	400
	”	238	$2.732 \pm 0.006$	280	$2.723 \pm 0.005^{3)}$	380	$2.723 \pm 0.007$
57	$C^{12}(p,n)N^{12}$	15	$-18.5 \pm 0.1$	$^{6)}$
58	$C^{12}(d,n)N^{13}$	98	$-0.28$	0
	Same	45	$-0.27 \pm 0.02$	25
	”	64	$-0.281 \pm 0.003$	1100
	”	172	$-0.29 \pm 0.09$	0	$-0.281 \pm 0.003$	1100	$-0.283 \pm 0.008$
59	$C^{13}(d,\alpha)B^{11}$	98	$5.24 \pm 0.11$	0
	Same	384, 385	$5.160 \pm 0.010$	100
	”	252	$5.164 \pm 0.006$	280	$5.163 \pm 0.005$	380	$5.173 \pm 0.008$
60	$C^{13}(d,t)C^{12}$	385	$1.310 \pm 0.006$	280
	Same	252	$1.310 \pm 0.003$	1100	$1.310 \pm 0.003$	1380	$1.312 \pm 0.008$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Value $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
61	$ \mathrm{C}^{13}(d,p)\mathrm{C}^{14} $	67	6.1	0
61	Same	44	$6.09 \pm 0.20$	0
61	″	210	$5.82 \pm 0.12$	0
61	″	110	$5.91 \pm 0.03$	11
61	″	375	$5.948 \pm 0.014$	0
61	″	385	$5.948 \pm 0.008$	160
61	″	252	$5.940 \pm 0.004$	620	$5.941 \pm 0.004$	780	$5.945 \pm 0.007$
62	$ \mathrm{C}^{13}(p,n)\mathrm{N}^{13} $	183	$-2.97 \pm 0.03$	0
62	Same	329	$-3.003 \pm 0.003$	0
62	″	330	$-3.003 \pm 0.003$	1100
62	″	1	$-3.01 \pm 0.01$	100	$-3.004 \pm 0.003$	1200	$-3.006 \pm 0.007$
63	$ \mathrm{C}^{13}(d,n)\mathrm{N}^{14} $	60	$5.2 \pm 0.4$	0
63	Same	44	$5.5 \pm 0.2$	0.25
63	″	386	5.24	0
63	″	265	$5.17 \pm 0.05$	4	$5.19 \pm 0.05^{3)}$	3.7	$5.320 \pm 0.007$
64	$ \mathrm{C}^{14}(p,n)\mathrm{N}^{14} $	359	$-0.617 \pm 0.002$	0
64	Same	360	$-0.620 \pm 0.009$	120	$-0.620 \pm 0.009$	120	$-0.626 \pm 0.006$
65	$ \mathrm{C}^{14}(d,n)\mathrm{N}^{15} $	204	8.0	0
65	Same	205	8.15	0
65	″	205	8.18	0			$7.987 \pm 0.008$
66	$ \mathrm{N}^{14}(n,\alpha)\mathrm{B}^{11} $	59	$-0.3$	0
66	Same	27	$-0.43 \pm 0.10$	0
66	″	53	$-0.50 \pm 0.06$	0

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Value $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
	$ \mathrm{N}^{14}(n,\alpha)\mathrm{B}^{11} $	32	$-0,260$	0
	Same	376	$-0,24 \pm 0,08$	1,6
	"	221	$-0,26 \pm 0,08$	1,6
	"	56	$-0,30 \pm 0,06$	2,8
	"	56	$-0,28 \pm 0,08$	1,6	$-0,27 \pm 0,04$	7,6	$-0,147 \pm 0,008$
67	$ \mathrm{N}^{14}(d,\alpha)\mathrm{C}^{12} $	97	$13,40 \pm 0,15$	0
	Same	193	$13,39 \pm 0,08$	1,6
	"	262	$13,575 \pm 0,012$	69	$13,571 \pm 0,018\ ^8)$	30	$13,574 \pm 0,007$
68	$ \mathrm{N}^{14}(n,p)\mathrm{C}^{14} $	198	$0,60 \pm 0,03$	0
	Same	199	$0,57 \pm 0,04$	0
	"	54	$0,60$	0
	"	32	$0,710$	0
	"	440	$0,60 \pm 0,03$	11
	"	59	$0,70 \pm 0,04$	0
	"	376	$0,63 \pm 0,01$	0
	"	200	$0,63 \pm 0,01$	100
	"	207	$0,596 \pm 0,025$	16
	"	360	$0,620 \pm 0,009$	120
	"	153	$0,628 \pm 0,004$	0
	"	218	$0,616 \pm 0,010$	100
	"	154	$0,630 \pm 0,006$	280
	"	285	$0,610 \pm 0,01$	100
	"	221	$0,630 \pm 0,050$	0

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Value $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
69	$N^{14}(n,p)C^{14}$	143	$0.62 \pm 0.05$	0	$0.622 \pm 0.004$	720	$0.626 \pm 0.006$
69	Same	338	0.626	0	$0.622 \pm 0.004$	720	$0.626 \pm 0.006$
69	$N^{14}(\gamma,n)N^{13}$	28	$-11.0 \pm 0.5$	0	$-10.71 \pm 0.19$	0.3	$-10.551 \pm 0.007$
69	Same	29	$-11.1 \pm 0.5$	0.04	$-10.71 \pm 0.19$	0.3	$-10.551 \pm 0.007$
69	Same	274	$-10.6 \pm 0.2$	0	$-10.71 \pm 0.19$	0.3	$-10.551 \pm 0.007$
69	Same	275	$-10.65 \pm 0.20$	0.25	$-10.71 \pm 0.19$	0.3	$-10.551 \pm 0.007$
70	$N^{14}(n,\gamma)N^{15}$	234, 235	$10.823 \pm 0.012$	69	$10.823 \pm 0.012$	69	$10.838 \pm 0.008$
71	$N^{14}(d,p)N^{15}$	97	$8.55 \pm 0.08$	1.6	$8.615 \pm 0.009$	120	$8.613 \pm 0.008$
71	Same	194	$8.51 \pm 0.10$	0	$8.615 \pm 0.009$	120	$8.613 \pm 0.008$
71	Same	115	$8.65 \pm 0.07$	2	$8.615 \pm 0.009$	120	$8.613 \pm 0.008$
71	Same	174	8.55	0	$8.615 \pm 0.009$	120	$8.613 \pm 0.008$
71	Same	429	$8.61 \pm 0.10$	0	$8.615 \pm 0.009$	120	$8.613 \pm 0.008$
71	Same	260	$8.615 \pm 0.008$	0	$8.615 \pm 0.009$	120	$8.613 \pm 0.008$
71	Same	261	$8.615 \pm 0.010$	0	$8.615 \pm 0.009$	120	$8.613 \pm 0.008$
71	Same	385	$8.615 \pm 0.009$	120	$8.615 \pm 0.009$	120	$8.613 \pm 0.008$
72	$N^{14}(d,n)O^{15}$	378	$5.1 \pm 0.2$	6
72	Same	162	$5.15 \pm 0.10$
73	$N^{14}(\alpha,p)O^{17}$	181	$-1.26$	0	$-1.17 \pm 0.04$	6	$-1.186 \pm 0.008$
73	Same	320	$-1.31$	0	$-1.17 \pm 0.04$	6	$-1.186 \pm 0.008$
73	Same	339	$-1.17 \pm 0.04$	6	$-1.17 \pm 0.04$	6	$-1.186 \pm 0.008$
74	$N^{15}(p,\alpha)C^{12}$	81	$5.00 \pm 0.15$	0
74	Same	156	$4.96 \pm 0.05$	4
74	Same	101	$4.960 \pm 0.006$	280

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$, MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$, MeV	Weight	Value $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
75	$\mathrm{N}^{15}(p,\alpha)\mathrm{C}^{12}$	385	$4.960\pm0.007$	200	$4.960\pm0.004$	760	$4.961\pm0.008$
75	Same	252, 253	$4.961\pm0.006$	280	$4.960\pm0.004$	760	$4.961\pm0.008$
75	$\mathrm{N}^{15}(d,\alpha)\mathrm{C}^{13}$	194	$7.54\pm0.07$	2	$7.680\pm0.008^{3)}$	160	$7.684\pm0.009$
75	Same	262	$7.681\pm0.006$	280	$7.680\pm0.008^{3)}$	160	$7.684\pm0.009$
75	Same	385	$7.681\pm0.009$		$7.680\pm0.008^{3)}$	160	$7.684\pm0.009$
76	$\mathrm{N}^{15}(d,p)\mathrm{N}^{16}$	428	$0.23\pm0.15$	$^{6)}$
76	Same	429	$0.21\pm0.15$
77	$\mathrm{N}^{15}(d,n)\mathrm{O}^{16}$	426	$10.9\pm0.5$	0.04	$10.9\pm0.5$	0.04	$9.901\pm0.007$
78	$\mathrm{O}^{16}(n,\alpha)\mathrm{C}^{13}$	201	$-2.38\pm0.16$	0.4	$-2.38\pm0.16$	0.4	$-2.217\pm0.006$
79	$\mathrm{O}^{16}(d,\alpha)\mathrm{N}^{14}$	97	$3.13\pm0.13$	0
79	Same	384, 385	$3.112\pm0.006$	280	$3.116\pm0.004$	680	$3.103\pm0.006$
79	Same	253	$3.119\pm0.005$	400	$3.116\pm0.004$	680	$3.103\pm0.006$
80	$\mathrm{O}^{16}(n,p)\mathrm{N}^{16}$	28	$-11.9$	0			$-9.69\pm0.15$
81	$\mathrm{O}^{16}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{O}^{15}$	29	$-16.3\pm0.4$	$^{6)}$
81	Same	373	$-16.3\pm0.4$
82	$\mathrm{O}^{16}(d,p)\mathrm{O}^{17}$	98	$1.95\pm0.06$	0
82	Same	174	$1.8$	0
82	Same	320	$1.75$	0
82	Same	190	$2.05\pm0.2$	0
82	Same	191, 192	$1.90\pm0.2$	0
82	Same	395	$1.925\pm0.008$	0
82	Same	74	$1.925\pm0.008$	0
82	Same	297	$1.89\pm0.10$	0

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$, MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$, MeV	Weight	Value $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
83	$O^{16}(d,p)O^{17}$	385	$1.917 \pm 0.005$	400	$1.917 \pm 0.004$	560	$1.918 \pm 0.007$
83	Same	238	$1.918 \pm 0.008$	160	$1.917 \pm 0.004$	560	$1.918 \pm 0.007$
83	$O^{16}(d,p)F^{17}$	191	$-1.614 \pm 0.010$	$^{6)}$	$1.917 \pm 0.004$	560	$1.918 \pm 0.007$
83	Same	128	$-1.51 \pm 0.05$		$1.917 \pm 0.004$	560	$1.918 \pm 0.007$
83	Same	65	$-1.63 \pm 0.01$		$1.917 \pm 0.004$	560	$1.918 \pm 0.007$
84	$O^{16}(\alpha,p)F^{19}$	73	$-8.08 \pm 0.1$	0			$-8.123 \pm 0.006$
85	$O^{17}(n,\alpha)C^{14}$	197	$1.4$	0			$1.812 \pm 0.008$
86	$O^{18}(p,\alpha)N^{15}$	81	$3.96 \pm 0.15$	0.44	$3.97 \pm 0.05$	4.4	$3.985 \pm 0.008$
86	Same	156	$3.97 \pm 0.05$	4	$3.97 \pm 0.05$	4.4	$3.985 \pm 0.008$
87	$O^{18}(p,n)F^{18}$	122	$-2.42 \pm 0.04$	0	$-2.453 \pm 0.002$	2500	$-2.452 \pm 0.008$
87	Same	329	$-2.455 \pm 0.002$	0	$-2.453 \pm 0.002$	2500	$-2.452 \pm 0.008$
87	Same	330	$-2.453 \pm 0.002$	2500	$-2.453 \pm 0.002$	2500	$-2.452 \pm 0.008$
88	$F^{19}(n,\alpha)N^{16}$	53	$-0.73 \pm 0.26$	0
88	Same	213	$-0.67 \pm 0.11$	0			$-1.57 \pm 0.15$
88	Same	214	$-1.2 \pm 0.9$	0
89	$F^{19}(p,\alpha)O^{16}$	189	$8.15 \pm 0.12$	0
89	Same	8	$7.95$	0
89	Same	35, 36	$7.94 \pm 0.08$	0		.
89	Same	156	$8.06 \pm 0.04$	6
89	Same	382	$8.101 \pm 0.030$	0
89	Same	94, 95	$8.113 \pm 0.030$	11
89	Same	385	$8.118 \pm 0.009$	120	$8.115 \pm 0.008$	140	$8.123 \pm 0.006$
90	$F^{19}(d,\alpha)O^{17}$	80	$9.84$	0
90	Same	385	$10.050 \pm 0.010$	100	$10.050 \pm 0.010$	100	$10.040 \pm 0.008$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$, MeV	Weight	Accepted value $Q$, MeV	Weight	Value $Q$, computed from masses (Table II)
91	$ \mathrm{F}^{19}(n,p)\mathrm{O}^{19} $	351	$0.48 \pm 0.25$	⁶)
	Same	213	$-3.56 \pm 0.07$
		214	$-3.9 \pm 0.7$
92	$ \mathrm{F}^{19}(d,t)\mathrm{F}^{18} $	66	$-4.1 \pm 0.1$	1	$-4.1 \pm 0.1$	1	$-4.180 \pm 0.009$
93	$ \mathrm{F}^{19}(n,\gamma)\mathrm{F}^{20} $	235, 237	$6.63 \pm 0.03$	11	$6.63 \pm 0.03$	11	$6.600 \pm 0.021$
94	$ \mathrm{F}^{19}(d,p)\mathrm{F}^{20} $	67	$4.3$	0
	Same	8	$4.29 \pm 0.08$	0
	"	297	$4.36 \pm 0.20$	0
	"	9	$4.16 \pm 0.08$	0
	"	385	$4.373 \pm 0.007$	200	$4.373 \pm 0.007$	200	$4.375 \pm 0.021$
95	$ \mathrm{F}^{19}(p,n)\mathrm{Ne}^{19} $	422	$-3.97 \pm 0.25$	0
	Same	408	$-3.97$	0
96	$ \mathrm{F}^{19}(d,n)\mathrm{Ne}^{20} $	62	$10.80 \pm 0.20$	0.25	$10.80 \pm 0.20$	0.25	$10.628 \pm 0.007$
97	$ \mathrm{F}^{19}(\alpha,p)\mathrm{Ne}^{22} $	90	$1.58$	0			$1.722 \pm 0.007$
98	$ \mathrm{Ne}^{20}(n,\alpha)\mathrm{O}^{17} $	169	$-0.6$	0
	Same	222	$-0.80$	0
	"	222	$-0.75 \pm 0.05$	4	$-0.75 \pm 0.05$	4	$-0.588 \pm 0.008$
99	$ \mathrm{Ne}^{20}(d,\alpha)\mathrm{F}^{18} $	286	$2.78 \pm 0.02$	25	$2.78 \pm 0.02$	25	$2.774 \pm 0.008$
100	$ \mathrm{Ne}^{20}(d,p)\mathrm{Ne}^{21} $	130	$4.48 \pm 0.10$	0
	Same	133	$4.48 \pm 0.10$	0
	"	16	$4.54$	0
	"	196	$4.51 \pm 0.07$	0
	"	286	$4.54 \pm 0.04$	6
	"	402	$4.529 \pm 0.007$	200	$4.529 \pm 0.007$	200	$4.532 \pm 0.007$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$, MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$, MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
101	$\mathrm{Ne}^{20}(\alpha,p)\mathrm{Na}^{23}$	315	$-2.54$	0
101	Same	315	$-2.64 \pm 0.20$	0.25	$-2.64 \pm 0.20$	0.25	$-2.389 \pm 0.008$
102	$\mathrm{Ne}^{21}(d,p)\mathrm{Ne}^{22}$	16	$8.34$	0
102	Same	433	$7.00 \pm 0.10$	0			$8.179 \pm 0.007$
103	$\mathrm{Ne}^{22}(d,\alpha)\mathrm{F}^{20}$	286	$2.62 \pm 0.10$	1	$2.62 \pm 0.10$	1	$2.653 \pm 0.020$
104	$\mathrm{Ne}^{22}(d,p)\mathrm{Ne}^{23}$	130	$2.89 \pm 0.11$	0
104	Same	133	$2.89 \pm 0.11$	0
104	Same	16	$2.96$	0
104	Same	402	$2.964 \pm 0.007$	200	$2.964 \pm 0.007$	200	$2.989 \pm 0.008$
105	$\mathrm{Ne}^{22}(\alpha,n)\mathrm{Mg}^{25}$	307	$-0.916 \pm 0.07^{4})$	2	$-0.916 \pm 0.07$	2	$-0.502 \pm 0.020$
106	$\mathrm{Na}^{23}(n,\alpha)\mathrm{F}^{20}$	213	$-4.00 \pm 0.50$	0
106	Same	214	$-5.4 \pm 0.3$	0			$-3.864 \pm 0.007$
107	$\mathrm{Na}^{23}(p,\alpha)\mathrm{Ne}^{20}$	155	$2.14 \pm 0.07$	0
107	Same	156	$2.35 \pm 0.04$	6
107	Same	402	$2.372 \pm 0.008$	160	$2.371 \pm 0.008$	160	$2.389 \pm 0.008$
108	$\mathrm{Na}^{23}(d,\alpha)\mathrm{Ne}^{21}$	249	$6.85 \pm 0.20$	0
108	Same	294	$6.75 \pm 0.10$	0
108	Same	154	$6.84 \pm 0.05$	4
108	Same	196	$6.86$	0
108	Same	385	$6.902 \pm 0.010$	100	$6.900 \pm 0.010$	100	$6.921 \pm 0.008$
109	$\mathrm{Na}^{23}(n,p)\mathrm{Ne}^{23}$	213	$-4.22 \pm 0.27$	0
109	Same	214	$-3.6 \pm 0.8$	0			$-3.528 \pm 0.009$
110	$\mathrm{Na}^{23}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{Na}^{22}$	358	$-12.6 \pm 0.3$	$^{6})$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value of $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Adopted value of $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
111	$\mathrm{Na}^{23}(d,p)\mathrm{Na}^{24}$	249	$4,92 \pm 0,30$	b)
111	Same	294	$4,76$
111	”	396	$4,77 \pm 0,04^{8)}$
111	”	297	$4,92 \pm 0,35$
111	”	385	$4,731 \pm 0,009$
112	$\mathrm{Na}^{23}(p,n)\mathrm{Mg}^{23}$	422	$-4,58 \pm 0,30$	b)
112	Same	408	$-4,58 \pm 0,30$
113	$\mathrm{Na}^{23}(d,n)\mathrm{Mg}^{24}$	263	$9,23 \pm 0,20^{8)}$	0,25	$9,23 \pm 0,20$	0,25	$9,502 \pm 0,023$
114	$\mathrm{Na}^{23}(\alpha,p)\mathrm{Mg}^{26}$	241	$1,91$	0
114	Same	280	$1,64$	0
114	”	290	$1,44$	0			$1,88 \pm 0,03$
115	$\mathrm{Mg}^{24}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{Mg}^{23}$	37	$-16,4 \pm 0,3$	b)
115	Same	275	$-16,2 \pm 0,3$
116	$\mathrm{Mg}^{24}(n,\gamma)\mathrm{Mg}^{25}$	237	$7,37 \pm 0,08$	1,6	$7,37 \pm 0,08$	1,6	$7,32 \pm 0,03$
117	$\mathrm{Mg}^{24}(d,p)\mathrm{Mg}^{25}$	5	$5,03 \pm 0,05$	4
117	Same	7	$5,03$	0
117	”	297	$4,65 \pm 0,30$	0
117	”	385	$5,094 \pm 0,010$	0
117	”	402	$5,097 \pm 0,007$	200	$5,095 \pm 0,007$	200	$5,10 \pm 0,03$
118	$\mathrm{Mg}^{24}(\alpha,p)\mathrm{Al}^{27}$	123	$-1,82$	0
118	Same	227	$-1,62$	0			$-1,59 \pm 0,03$
119	$\mathrm{Mg}^{25}(d,\alpha)\mathrm{Na}^{23}$	402	$7,019 \pm 0,013$	59	$7,019 \pm 0,013$	59	$7,019 \pm 0,021$
120	$\mathrm{Mg}^{25}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{Mg}^{24}$	358	$-7,1 \pm 0,3$	0,11	$-7,1 \pm 0,3$	0,11	$-7,32 \pm 0,03$

Continuation of Table 1

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
121	$\mathrm{Mg}^{25}(d,p)\mathrm{Mg}^{26}$	402	$8.880\pm0.012$	69	$8.880\pm0.012$	69	$8.90\pm0.04$
122	$\mathrm{Mg}^{25}(d,n)\mathrm{Al}^{26}$	387	$5.58\pm0.10$	$^{6}$)
123	$\mathrm{Mg}^{25}(\gamma,p)\mathrm{Al}^{24}$	123	$-1.05$	0			$-1.20\pm0.03$
124	$\mathrm{Mg}^{25}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{Mg}^{25}$	358	$-10.1\pm1.0$	0			$-11.12\pm0.03$
125	$\mathrm{Mg}^{26}(d,p)\mathrm{Mg}^{27}$	5, 6	$4.21\pm0.10$	0
125	Same	7	$4.21\pm0.1$	0
125	Same	402	$4.207\pm0.006$	280	$4.207\pm0.006$	280	$4.21\pm0.04$
126	$\mathrm{Mg}^{26}(d,n)\mathrm{Al}^{27}$	386, 387	$5.68\pm0.05^{4})$	4	$5.68\pm0.05$	4	$6.03\pm0.04$
127	$\mathrm{Al}^{27}(p,\alpha)\mathrm{Mg}^{24}$	155	$1.32\pm0.07$	0
127	Same	158	$1.59\pm0.07$	0
127	”	156	$1.585\pm0.015$	44
127	”	402	$1.595\pm0.007$	200	$1.593\pm0.006$	240	$1.59\pm0.03$
128	$\mathrm{Al}^{27}(d,\alpha)\mathrm{Mg}^{25}$	276	$6.46\pm0.14$	0
128	Same	322	$7.05$	0
128	”	323	$6.52\pm0.06$	3
128	”	352	$6.58\pm0.03$	11
128	”	158	$6.62\pm0.05$	0
128	”	385	$6.694\pm0.010$	0
128	”	136	$6.694\pm0.010$	100	$6.67\pm0.02^{3})$	24	$6.69\pm0.03$
129	$\mathrm{Al}^{27}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{Al}^{26}$	37	$-14.4\pm0.3$	$^{6}$)
129	Same	275	$-14.0\pm0.4$
130	$\mathrm{Al}^{27}(n,\gamma)\mathrm{Al}^{28}$	235	$7.72\pm0.02$	0
130	Same	237	$7.724\pm0.010$	100	$7.724\pm0.010$	100	$7.72\pm0.03$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value of $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Adopted value of $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
131	$\mathrm{Al}^{27}(d,p)\mathrm{Al}^{28}$	276	$5.79 \pm 0.30$	0
131	Same	5	$5.46 \pm 0.06$	3
131	”	322	$5.61$	0
131	”	323	$5.45 \pm 0.05$	4
131	”	446	$5.72 \pm 0.05^{8)}$	0
131	”	297	$5.47 \pm 0.15$	0
131	”	385, 398	$5.494 \pm 0.010$	0
131	”	136	$5.494 \pm 0.010$	0
131	”	137	$5.494 \pm 0.010$	100
131	”	230	$5.53$	0	$5.492 \pm 0.010$	110	$5.49 \pm 0.03$
132	$\mathrm{Al}^{27}(p,n)\mathrm{Si}^{27}$	213	$-6.1$	$^{6)}$
132	Same	273	$-5.8 \pm 0.1$
133	$\mathrm{Al}^{27}(p,\gamma)\mathrm{Si}^{28}$	346	$11.51 \pm 0.2$	0.25
133	Same	346	$11.70 \pm 0.1$	0
133	”	346	$11.31 \pm 0.2$	0	$11.51 \pm 0.2$	0.25	$11.58 \pm 0.03$
134	$\mathrm{Al}^{27}(d,n)\mathrm{Si}^{28}$	310	$9.08 \pm 0.2$	0			$9.35 \pm 0.03$
135	$\mathrm{Al}^{27}(\alpha,p)\mathrm{Si}^{30}$	181	$2.3$	1
135	Same	123	$2.26$	1
135	”	280	$2.25$	1
135	”	46	$2.22$	1
135	”	367	$2.30$	1	$2.27 \pm 0.04$	5	$2.36 \pm 0.3$
136	$\mathrm{Al}^{27}(\alpha,n)\mathrm{P}^{30}$	309	$-2.93 \pm 0.17$	$^{6)}$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Value $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
137	$\mathrm{Si}^{28}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{Si}^{27}$	37	$-16,9 \pm 0,3$	б)
137	Same	275	$-16,8 \pm 0,4$
138	$\mathrm{Si}^{28}(n,\gamma)\mathrm{Si}^{29}$	235	$8,38 \pm 0,10$	0
138	Same	237	$8,51 \pm 0,04$	6	$8,51 \pm 0,04$	6	$8,48 \pm 0,03$
139	$\mathrm{Si}^{28}(d,p)\mathrm{Si}^{29}$	5, 6	$6,16 \pm 0,06$	3
139	Same	291	$6,18 \pm 0,09$	1
139	Same	297	$6,06 \pm 0,15$	0
139	Same	134	$6,246 \pm 0,010$	0
139	Same	385	$6,246 \pm 0,008$	0
139	Same	135	$6,216 \pm 0,010$	100	$6,243 \pm 0,010$	100	$6,25 \pm 0,03$
140	$\mathrm{Si}^{28}(d,n)\mathrm{P}^{29}$	309	$-0,80 \pm 0,10$	б)
140	Same	388	$0,36 \pm 0,05$
140	Same	402	$0,29 \pm 0,040$
141	$\mathrm{Si}^{28}(\alpha,p)\mathrm{P}^{31}$	181	$-2,23$	0			$-1,92 \pm 0,03$
142	$\mathrm{Si}^{29}(d,\alpha)\mathrm{Al}^{27}$	401	$5,99 \pm 0,02$	0
142	Same	402	$5,994 \pm 0,011$	83	$5,994 \pm 0,011$	83	$6,01 \pm 0,03$
143	$\mathrm{Si}^{29}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{Si}^{28}$	358	$-8,4 \pm 0,3$	0,1	$-8,4 \pm 0,3$	0,1	$-8,48 \pm 0,03$
144	$\mathrm{Si}^{29}(n,\gamma)\mathrm{Si}^{30}$	235	$11,00 \pm 0,30$	0
144	Same	237	$10,55 \pm 0,05$	4	$10,55 \pm 0,05$	4	$10,60 \pm 0,04$
145	$\mathrm{Si}^{29}(d,p)\mathrm{Si}^{30}$	291	$8,36 \pm 0,10$	1
145	Same	401	$8,39 \pm 0,02$	0
145	Same	402	$8,388 \pm 0,013$	59	$8,388 \pm 0,013$	60	$8,38 \pm 0,04$
146	$\mathrm{Si}^{29}(d,n)\mathrm{P}^{30}$	309	$3,38 \pm 0,17$	б)
146	Same	266	$3,27 \pm 0,040$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Value of $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
147	$\mathrm{Si}^{30}(d,\alpha)\mathrm{Al}^{28}$	385	$3.120 \pm 0.010$	100	$3.120 \pm 0.010$	100	$3.13 \pm 0.04$
148	$\mathrm{Si}^{30}(d,p)\mathrm{Si}^{31}$	5, 6	$4.16 \pm 0.06$	0
	Same	291	$4.33 \pm 0.15$	0
	”	385	$4.361 \pm 0.010$	0
	”	400	$4.367 \pm 0.010$	0
	”	402	$4.361 \pm 0.007$	200	$4.361 \pm 0.007$	200	$4.38 \pm 0.04$
149	$\mathrm{Si}^{30}(d,n)\mathrm{P}^{31}$	309	$4.56 \pm 0.13$	0
	Same	266	$4.92 \pm 0.010$	6	$4.92 \pm 0.04$	6	$5.08 \pm 0.04$
150	$\mathrm{P}^{31}(p,\alpha)\mathrm{Si}^{28}$	157	$1.85 \pm 0.02$	25
	Same	157	$1.824 \pm 0.022$	0
	”	402	$1.909 \pm 0.010$	100	$1.897 \pm 0.016^{3)}$	40	$1.92 \pm 0.04$
151	$\mathrm{P}^{31}(d,\alpha)\mathrm{Si}^{29}$	134	$8.170 \pm 0.020$	0
	Same	385	$8.170 \pm 0.020$	0
	”	135	$8.170 \pm 0.020$	0
	”	402	$8.158 \pm 0.011$	83	$8.158 \pm 0.011$	83	$8.16 \pm 0.04$
152	$\mathrm{P}^{31}(n,p)\mathrm{Si}^{31}$	282	$-0.94 \pm 0.13$	0.6	$-0.94 \pm 0.13$	0.6	$-0.69 \pm 0.04$
153	$\mathrm{P}^{31}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{P}^{30}$	274	$-12.4 \pm 0.2$	$^{6)}$
	Same	275	$-12.35 \pm 0.20$
	”	228	$-12.40 \pm 0.2$
154	$\mathrm{P}^{31}(d,p)\mathrm{P}^{32}$	319	$5.9 \pm 0.3$	0
	Same	9	$5.52 \pm 0.10$	0
	”	385	$5.704 \pm 0.009$	0
	”	402	$5.704 \pm 0.008$	160	$5.704 \pm 0.008$	160	$5.704 \pm 0.028$
155	$\mathrm{P}^{31}(\ ,p)\mathrm{S}^{34}$	272	$0.31$	0
	Same	280, 315	$1.3$	0			$0.61 \pm 0.04$

Continuation of Table 1

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$, in MeV	Weight	Value $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
156	$S^{32}(n,\alpha)Si^{29}$	173, 199	$1,2 \pm 0,1$	0
156	Same	376	$1,16 \pm 0,15$	0,44	$1,16 \pm 0,15$	0,44	$1,535 \pm 0,026$
157	$S^{32}(\gamma,d)P^{30}$	311	$-19,15$	0
157	Same	229	$-19,15 \pm 0,20$	0,25	$-19,15 \pm 0,20$	0,25	$-19,04 \pm 0,04$
158	$S^{32}(n,p)P^{32}$	199	$-0,93 \pm 0,10$	1	$-0,93 \pm 0,10$	1	$-0,926 \pm 0,015$
159	$S^{32}(\gamma,n)S^{31}$	37	$-15,0 \pm 0,3$	б)
159	Same	275	$-14,8 \pm 0,4$
160	$S^{32}(n,\gamma)S^{33}$	235	$8,66 \pm 0,02$	25	$8,66 \pm 0,02$	25	$8,648 \pm 0,019$
161	$S^{32}(d,p)S^{33}$	370	$6,62$	0
161	Same	116, 117	$6,50$	0
161	”	118	$6,48 \pm 0,11$	0
161	”	385	$6,422 \pm 0,011$	83	$6,422 \pm 0,011$	83	$6,423 \pm 0,019$
162	$S^{32}(\alpha,p)Cl^{35}$	182	$-2,10$	0			$-1,92 \pm 0,03$
163	$S^{33}(d,p)S^{34}$	116, 117	$8,8 \pm 0,1$	0
163	Same	118	$8,67 \pm 0,25$	0,16	$8,67 \pm 0,25$	0,16	$9,17 \pm 0,03$
164	$S^{34}(\gamma,n)S^{33}$	358	$-10,8 \pm 0,3$	0,11	$-10,8 \pm 0,3$	0,11	$-11,40 \pm 0,03$
165	$Cl^{35}(n,\alpha)P^{32}$	281	$0,44 \pm 0,20$	0,25	$0,44 \pm 0,20$	0,25	$0,99 \pm 0,03$
166	$Cl^{35}(d,\alpha)S^{33}$	364	$9,1$	0			$8,34 \pm 0,04$
167	$Cl^{35}(n,p)S^{35}$	165	$0,52 \pm 0,04$	6,2	$0,52 \pm 0,04$	6,2	$0,61 \pm 0,04$
168	$Cl^{35}(n,\gamma)Cl^{36}$	235	$8,56 \pm 0,03$	11	$8,56 \pm 0,03$	11	$8,63 \pm 0,06$
169	$Cl^{35}(d,p)Cl^{36}$	319, 363	$(6,9 \pm 0,3)$	0
169	Same	364	$6,31$	0			$6,40 \pm 0,05$
170	$Cl^{35}(\alpha,p)A^{38}$	315, 364	$0,16$	0			$0,89 \pm 0,07$
171	$Cl^{37}(n,\gamma)Cl^{38}$	235	$6,11 \pm 0,03$	11	$6,11 \pm 0,03$	11	$6,07 \pm 0,08$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $Q$ in MeV	Weight	Value $Q$, calculated from masses (Table II)
172	$ \mathrm{Cl}^{37}(d,p)\mathrm{Cl}^{38}$	319, 354	$4,0 \pm 0,3$	0			$3,84 \pm 0,08$
		364	4,02	0
173	$ \mathrm{Cl}^{37}(p,n)\mathrm{A}^{37}$	330	$-1,598 \pm 0,004$	620	$-1,598 \pm 0,004$	620	$-1,60 \pm 0,06$
174	$ \mathrm{A}^{36}(d,p)\mathrm{A}^{37}$	119	$6,59 \pm 0,03$	11
	Same	434	6,49	0
		435	$6,49 \pm 0,08$	1,6	$6,578 \pm 0,028$	1,3	$6,58 \pm 0,05$
175	$ \mathrm{A}^{40}(\gamma,\alpha)\mathrm{S}^{36}$	417	$6,8 \pm 0,1$	$^{6)}$
176	$ \mathrm{A}^{40}(n,\alpha)\mathrm{S}^{37}$	169	$-1,8$	$^{6)}$
177	$ \mathrm{A}^{40}(d,p)\mathrm{A}^{41}$	114	4,37	0
	Same	116	3,82	0
		119	$3,84 \pm 0,03$	11	$3,84 \pm 0,03$	11	$3,89 \pm 0,05$
178	$ \mathrm{A}^{40}(p,n)\mathrm{K}^{40}$	328	$-2,3$	0
	Same	330	$-2,3 \pm 0,10^{8)}$	1	$-2,3 \pm 0,1$	1	$-2,31 \pm 0,05$
179	$ \mathrm{K}^{39}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{K}^{38}$	274	$-13,6 \pm 0,2$	$^{6)}$
	Same	275	$-13,2 \pm 0,2$
180	$ \mathrm{K}^{39}(n,\gamma)\mathrm{K}^{40}$	235	$7,76 \pm 0,03$	11	$7,76 \pm 0,03$	11	$7,71 \pm 0,06$
181	$ \mathrm{K}^{39}(d,p)\mathrm{K}^{40}$	319	$5,6 \pm 0,3$	0,11
	Same	349	$5,48 \pm 0,03$	1,6	$5,49 \pm 0,08$	1,7	$5,48 \pm 0,06$
182	$ \mathrm{K}^{39}(\alpha,p)\mathrm{Ca}^{42}$	315	$-0,89$	$^{6)}$
183	$ \mathrm{K}^{41}(n,\gamma)\mathrm{K}^{42}$	235	$7,39 \pm 0,03$	11	$7,39 \pm 0,03$	11	$7,39 \pm 0,09$
184	$ \mathrm{K}^{41}(p,n)\mathrm{Ca}^{41}$	328	$-1,22 \pm 0,06$	0
	Same	330	$-1,22 \pm 0,02$	25	$-1,22 \pm 0,02$	25	$-1,24 \pm 0,08$
185	$ \mathrm{Ca}^{40}(\gamma,n)\mathrm{Ca}^{39}$	37	$-1,60 \pm 0,30$	$^{6)}$
	Same	275	$-15,9 \pm 0,4$
186	$ \mathrm{Ca}^{40}(d,p)\mathrm{Ca}^{41}$	348	$6,17 \pm 0,05$	4	$6,17 \pm 0,05$	4	$6,27 \pm 0,08$

Continuation of Table 1

b) Decay energies

No.	Decay	Literature references	Experimental value $E$ in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $E'$ in MeV $^{9)}$	Weight	Value $E$, calculated from masses (Table II)
1	$\mathrm{n}(\beta^-)\mathrm{H}'$	336	$0.782 \pm 0.013$	59	$0.782 \pm 0.013$	59	$0.7811 \pm 0.0018$
2	$\mathrm{H}^3(\beta^-)\mathrm{He}^3$	254	$0.012 \pm 0.005$	0
	Same	443	$0.015 \pm 0.003$	0
	Same	48	$0.016 \pm 0.003$	0
	Same	410	$0.011 \pm 0.002$	0
	Same	86, 87	$0.017$	0
	Same	111, 112	$0.0179 \pm 0.0003$	0
	Same	215	$0.0186 \pm 0.0002$	250000
	Same	176	$0.01895 \pm 0.0005$	40000
	Same	170	$0.0180 \pm 0.0005$	40000
	Same	113	$0.0183 \pm 0.0003$	110000 $^{6)}$	$0.01851 \pm 0.00015$	440000	$0.0185 \pm 0.006$
3	$\mathrm{He}^6(\beta^-)\mathrm{Li}^6$	48, 49	$3.7 \pm 0.5$
	Same	373	$3.5 \pm 0.6$
	Same	240	$3.7 \pm 0.2$
	Same	347	$3.2 \pm 0.2$
	Same	312	$3.215 \pm 0.015$
4	$\mathrm{Be}^7(K)\mathrm{Li}^7$	369	$0.860 \pm 0.008$	160	$0.860 \pm 0.008$	160	$0.864 \pm 0.009$
5	$\mathrm{Be}^8 \to 2\alpha$	185	$0.103 \pm 0.010$	100
	Same	393	$0.089 \pm 0.004$	620
	Same	108	$0.085 \pm 0.009$	120
	Same	107	$0.085 \pm 0.010$	0
	Same	88	$0.072 \pm 0.005$	0
	Same	89	$0.0775 \pm 0.004$	620	$0.0847 \pm 0.0026$	1500	$0.088 \pm 0.006$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Decay	Literature references	Experimental value $E$, MeV	Weight	Adopted value $E'$, MeV	Weight	Value $E$, calculated from masses (Table II)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
6	$\mathrm{Be}^{10}(\beta^-)\mathrm{B}^{10}$	206	$0,58 \pm 0,03$	0
6	Same	287	$0,56 \pm 0,01$	100
6	Same	208	$0,57 \pm 0,01$	0
6	Same	39	$0,566 \pm 0,01$	100
6	Same	160	$0,553 \pm 0,015$	44
6	Same	40	$0,545 \pm 0,01$	0
6	Same	209	$0,560 \pm 0,005$	400
6	Same	145	$0,555 \pm 0,005$	400	$0,558 \pm 0,003$	1000	$0,558 \pm 0,011$
7	$\mathrm{B}^{12}(\beta^-)\mathrm{C}^{12}$	188	$13,3 \pm 0,5$	0
7	Same	195	$13,43 \pm 0,06$	2,8	$13,43 \pm 0,06$	2,8	$13,366 \pm 0,011$
8	$\mathrm{C}^{10}(\beta^+)\mathrm{B}^{10}$	357	$(\beta)\ 2,2 \pm 0,1$	$^{b)}$
8	Same	357	$(\gamma)\ 0,96 \pm 0,2$
8	Same	325	$(\gamma)\ 0,7166 \pm 0,0010$
8	Same	325	$(\gamma)\ 0,713 \pm 0,0015$
9	$\mathrm{C}^{11}(\beta^+)\mathrm{B}^{11}$	394	$0,981 \pm 0,005$	400
9	Same	365	$0,993 \pm 0,010$	100	$2,005 \pm 0,004$	500	$0,966 \pm 0,009$
10	$\mathrm{C}^{14}(\beta^-)\mathrm{N}^{14}$	340	$0,090 \pm 0,015$	0
10	Same	341	$0,145 \pm 0,015$	0
10	Same	250	$0,151 \pm 0,003$	1100
10	Same	379	$0,151 \pm 0,002$	0
10	Same	374	$0,154 \pm 0,004$	620
10	Same	103	$0,1563 \pm 0,001$	10000
10	Same	47	$0,155 \pm 0,002$	2500

Continuation of Table 1

No.	Decay	Literature references	Experimental value $E$, MeV	Weight	Adopted value $E'$, MeV	Weight	Value of $E$, calculated from masses (Table II)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
	$C^{14}(\beta^{-})N^{14}$	251	$0.152 \pm 0.005$	400
	Same	144	$0.155 \pm 0.001$	10000
	”	18	$0.1575 \pm 0.005$	400
	”	406	$0.155 \pm 0.001$	10000	$0.1553 \pm 0.0005$	35000	$0.156 \pm 0.006$
11	$C^{15}(\beta^{-})N^{15}$	203	$8.8 \pm 0.5$	$^{6)}$
12	$N^{12}(\beta^{+})C^{12}$	15	$16.6 \pm 0.2$	$^{6)}$
13	$N^{13}(\beta^{+})C^{13}$	259, 405	$1.198 \pm 0.006$	280
	Same	394	$1.218 \pm 0.004$	620
	”	366	$1.24 \pm 0.02$	25
	”	102	$1.25 \pm 0.03$	11
	”	195	$1.202 \pm 0.005$	400	$2.231 \pm 0.003^{3)}$	820	$1.203 \pm 0.007$
14	$N^{16}(\beta^{-})O^{16}$	196	$10.2$	0			$10.47 \pm 0.15$
15	$N^{17}(\beta^{-})O^{17}$	196	$(\beta)\ 3.7 \pm 0.2$	$^{6)}$
	Same	196	$(\gamma)\ 5.07$
16	$O^{14}(\beta^{+})N^{14}$	357	$(\beta)\ 1.8 \pm 0.1$	$^{6)}$
	Same	390	$(\gamma)\ 2.318 \pm 0.008$
17	$O^{15}(\beta^{-})N^{15}$	277	$1.2$	$^{6)}$
	Same	150	$1.7$
	”	357	$1.68$
	”	438	$1.683 \pm 0.005$
18	$O^{18}(\beta^{-})F^{18}$	196	$4.3$	$^{6)}$
19	$F^{17}(\beta^{+})O^{17}$	244	$2.1$	0			$1.734 \pm 0.010$

Continuation of Table 1

No.	Decay	Literature references	Experimental value $E$, MeV	Weight	Adopted value $E'$, MeV	Weight	Value $E$, calculated from masses (Table II)
20	$\mathrm{F}^{18}(\beta^+)\mathrm{O}^{18}$	431	$0.70 \pm 0.05$	0
	Same	122	$0.74$	0
	”	242	$0.72 \pm 0.02$	0
	”	239	$0.7$	0
	”	50	$0.635 \pm 0.015$	44	$1.657 \pm 0.015$	44	$0.649 \pm 0.008$
21	$\mathrm{F}^{20}(\beta^-)\mathrm{Ne}^{20}$	196	$6.96 \pm 0.06$	0			$7.034 \pm 0.020$
22	$\mathrm{Ne}^{19}(\beta^+)\mathrm{F}^{19}$	422	$2.20$	0
	Same	422	$2.3$	0
	”	52	$2.2 \pm 0.1$	0
23	$\mathrm{Ne}^{23}(\beta^-)\mathrm{Na}^{23}$	72	$4.21 \pm 0.015^{4)}$	44	$4.21 \pm 0.015$	44	$4.309 \pm 0.008$
24	$\mathrm{Na}^{21}(\beta^+)\mathrm{Ne}^{21}$	353	$2.53 \pm 0.02$	$^{6)}$
25	$\mathrm{Na}^{22}(\beta^+)\mathrm{Ne}^{22}$	167	$(\beta)\ 0.575 \pm 0.015$	$^{6)}$
	Same	3	$(\gamma)\ 1.277 \pm 0.001$
26	$\mathrm{Mg}^{23}(\beta^+)\mathrm{Na}^{23}$	436	$2.82 \pm 0.08$	$^{6)}$
	Same	57	$2.99 \pm 0.02$
27	$\mathrm{Mg}^{27}(\beta^-)\mathrm{Al}^{27}$	43	$2.61 \pm 0.10$	1
	Same	402	$2.63 \pm 0.06$	2.8	$2.63 \pm 0.05$	3.8	$2.60 \pm 0.04$
28	$\mathrm{Al}^{28}(\beta^-)\mathrm{Si}^{28}$	43	$4.685 \pm 0.12$	0
	Same	292	$4.615 \pm 0.035$	0
	”	442	$4.647 \pm 0.014$	51	$4.647 \pm 0.014$	51	$4.64 \pm 0.03$
29	$\mathrm{Al}^{29}(\beta^-)\mathrm{Si}^{29}$	355	$3.75 \pm 0.30$	$^{6)}$

Continuation of Table 1

No.	Decay	Literature references	Experimental value $E$ in MeV	Weight	Adopted value $E'$ in MeV	Weight	Value $E$, calculated from masses (Table II)
30	$\mathrm{Si}^{27}(\beta^{+})\mathrm{Al}^{27}$	31	$3,54 \pm 0,10$	$^{\mathrm{b})}$
30	Same	57	$3,48 \pm 0,10$
31	$\mathrm{Si}^{31}(\beta^{-})\mathrm{P}^{31}$	244	$1,8 \pm 0,2$	0
31	Same	293	$1,471 \pm 0,008$	160	$1,471 \pm 0,008$	160	$1,47 \pm 0,04$
32	$\mathrm{P}^{32}(\beta^{-})\mathrm{S}^{32}$	2	$1,718 \pm 0,010$	100
32	Same	407	$1,708 \pm 0,008$	160
32	”	356	$1,697 \pm 0,010$	100
32	”	217	$1,701 \pm 0,008$	160	$1,707 \pm 0,004$	520	$1,707 \pm 0,015$
33	$\mathrm{P}^{33}(\beta^{-})\mathrm{S}^{33}$	356	$0,26 \pm 0,01$	$^{\mathrm{b})}$
33	Same	217	$0,26 \pm 0,02$
34	$\mathrm{S}^{31}(\beta^{+})\mathrm{P}^{31}$	423	$3,85 \pm 0,07$	$^{\mathrm{b})}$
34	Same	131, 132	$3,87 \pm 0,15$
34	”	57	$4,06 \pm 0,12$
35	$\mathrm{S}^{35}(\beta^{-})\mathrm{Cl}^{35}$	166	$0,167 \pm 0,004$	0
35	Same	47	$0,169 \pm 0,003$	0
35	”	246	$0,1670 \pm 0,0005$	40000	$0,1670 \pm 0,0005$	40000	$0,17 \pm 0,04$
36	$\mathrm{S}^{37}(\beta^{-})\mathrm{Cl}^{37}$	51	$4,3 \pm 0,3$	$^{\mathrm{b})}$
37	$\mathrm{Cl}^{33}(\beta^{+})\mathrm{S}^{33}$	423	$4,13 \pm 0,07$	$^{\mathrm{b})}$
37	Same	57	$4,43 \pm 0,13$
38	$\mathrm{Cl}^{34}(\beta^{+})\mathrm{S}^{34}$	342	$4,55 \pm 0,11$	$^{\mathrm{b})}$
38	Same	343	$4,60 \pm 0,11$
38	”	343	$4,77 \pm 0,38$
38	”	343	$4,60 \pm 0,30$

Continuation of Table I

No.	Decay	Literature references	Experimental value $E$, MeV	Weight	Adopted value $E'$, MeV	Weight	Value $E$, calculated from masses (Table II)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
39	$Cl^{36}(\beta^{-})A^{36}$	427	$0{,}713 \pm 0{,}030$	11	$0{,}713 \pm 0{,}030$	11	$0{,}76 \pm 0{,}05$
40	$Cl^{38}(\beta^{-})A^{38}$	245	$4{,}93 \pm 0{,}05$	4	$4{,}93 \pm 0{,}05$	4	$4{,}88 \pm 0{,}09$
41	$Cl^{39}(\beta^{-})A^{39}$	180	$3{,}31 \pm 0{,}05^{8)}$	$^{6)}$
42	$A^{35}(\beta^{+})Cl^{35}$	423	$4{,}38 \pm 0{,}09$	$^{6)}$
	Same	131, 232	$4{,}41 \pm 0{,}09$
43	$A^{39}(\beta^{-})K^{39}$	69	$0{,}565 \pm 0{,}005$	$0^{10)}$
44	$A^{41}(\beta^{-})K^{41}$	444	$(\gamma)\ 1{,}37 \pm 0{,}06$	2,8
	Same	444	$(\beta)\ 1{,}245 \pm 0{,}005$	0	$2{,}62 \pm 0{,}06$	2,8	$2{,}63 \pm 0{,}07$
45	$K^{37}(\beta^{+})A^{37}$	57	$4{,}57 \pm 0{,}13$	$^{6)}$
46	$K^{40}(\beta^{-})Ca^{40}$	41	$1{,}36 \pm 0{,}05$	4
	Same	4	$1{,}36 \pm 0{,}03$	11
	Same	146	$1{,}325 \pm 0{,}020$	25	$1{,}338 \pm 0{,}016$	40	$1{,}32 \pm 0{,}07$
47	$Ca^{39}(\beta^{+})K^{39}$	57	$5{,}13 \pm 0{,}15$	$^{6)}$

Continuation of Table I

c) Mass doublets

Mass number of the doublet	Doublet	Literature references	Experimental value of $\Delta M$ in units of $O^{16}$	Weight	Adopted value of $\Delta M$ in Mev	Weight	Value of $\Delta M$, calculated from masses (Table II), in units of $O^{16}$
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
2	$H_2 — D$	23	$1{,}53 \pm 0{,}04$	0
2	Same	22	$1{,}52 \pm 0{,}04$	0
2	”	269	$1{,}530 \pm 0{,}0021$	0
2	”	331	$1{,}549 \pm 0{,}001$	0
2	”	333	$1{,}5519 \pm 0{,}0017$	3300	$1{,}4442 \pm 0{,}0010$	9000
2	”	140	$1{,}5503 \pm 0{,}0015$	5100	$(1{,}5510 \pm 0{,}0011)^{11})$		$1{,}551 \pm 0{,}003$
4	$D_2 — He^4$	21	$25{,}51 \pm 0{,}08$	1,8
4	Same	24	$25{,}61 \pm 0{,}04$	7,3
4	”	139	$25{,}604 \pm 0{,}008$	200	$23{,}845 \pm 0{,}005$	370
4	”	299	$25{,}612 \pm 0{,}009$	160	$(25{,}608 \pm 0{,}006)$		$25{,}605 \pm 0{,}004$
6	$D_3 — C^{12}$	22	$42{,}36 \pm 0{,}12$	0,9
6	Same	24, 256	$42{,}19 \pm 0{,}05$	4,9
6	”	269	$42{,}239 \pm 0{,}021$	25	$39{,}366 \pm 0{,}010$	92
6	”	140	$42{,}292 \pm 0{,}012$	82	$(42{,}277 \pm 0{,}011)$		$42{,}314 \pm 0{,}005$
7	$Li^7 — N^{14}$	24	$14{,}43 \pm 0{,}10$	1,1	$13{,}44 \pm 0{,}09$	1,1	$14{,}460 \pm 0{,}008$
8	$He_2^4 — O^{16}$	25	$7{,}72 \pm 0{,}12$	0,9	$7{,}19 \pm 0{,}11$	0,9	$7{,}755 \pm 0{,}004$
10	$Be^9H — B^{10}$	224	$6{,}96 \pm 0{,}20$	0,28	$6{,}48 \pm 0{,}19$	0,28	$7{,}070 \pm 0{,}010$
10	$Be^9H — Ne^{20}$	224	$23{,}91 \pm 0{,}20$	0,28	$22{,}26 \pm 0{,}19$	0,28	$23{,}789 \pm 0{,}008$
10	$B^{10} — Ne^{20}$	21	$16{,}84 \pm 0{,}15$	0,5	$15{,}64 \pm 0{,}10$	1
10	Same	224	$16{,}75 \pm 0{,}15$	0,5	$(16{,}80 \pm 0{,}11)$		$16{,}719 \pm 0{,}009$
11	$B^{10}H — B^{11}$	224	$11{,}60 \pm 0{,}10$	1,2	$10{,}80 \pm 0{,}09$	1,2	$11{,}469 \pm 0{,}010$
11	$B^{10}H — Ne^{22}$	224	$25{,}1 \pm 0{,}5$	0,05	$23{,}4 \pm 0{,}5$	0,05	$25{,}096 \pm 0{,}008$
11	$B^{11} — Ne^{22}$	224	$13{,}60 \pm 0{,}015$	51	$12{,}664 \pm 0{,}014$	51	$13{,}627 \pm 0{,}008$

Continuation of Table I

Mass number of the doublet	Doublet	Literature references	Experimental value of $\Delta M$ in units of $O^{16}$	Weight	Adopted value of $\Delta M$ in MeV	Weight	Value of $\Delta M$, calculated from the masses (Table II), in units of $O^{16}$
12	$B^{10}H_2 — C^{12}$	224	$28,75 \pm 0,20$	0,28	$26,77 \pm 0,19$	0,28	$28,592 \pm 0,010$
12	$B^{11}H — C^{12}$	224	$17,14 \pm 0,10$	1,2	$15,96 \pm 0,09$	1,2	$17,125 \pm 0,008$
13	$C^{12}H — C^{13}$	23	$4,5 \pm 0,1$	0
13	Same	268	$4,47$	0
13	Same	138	$4,410 \pm 0,008^{4})$	180	$4,106 \pm 0,007$	180	$4,475 \pm 0,008$
14	$C^{12}H_2 — N^{14}$	22	$12,45 \pm 0,07$	2
14	Same	256	$12,74 \pm 0,08$	0
14	”	269	$12,581 \pm 0,023$	23
14	”	20	$12,57 \pm 0,06$	0
14	”	225, 226	$12,560 \pm 0,015$	51
14	”	138	$12,522 \pm 0,012$	0
14	”	331	$12,61 \pm 0,01$	0
14	”	299	$12,586 \pm 0,013$	69
14	”	301	$12,551 \pm 0,01^{12})$	120	$11,706 \pm 0,004$	550
14	”	140	$12,564 \pm 0,010$	120	$(12,572 \pm 0,005)$		$12,578 \pm 0,008$
15	$C^{12}H_3 — N^{14}H$	269	$12,563 \pm 0,027$	16
15	Same	226	$12,563 \pm 0,013$	69	See doublet 14		$12,578 \pm 0,008$
15	$C^{12}H_3 — N^{15}$	267	$23,82 \pm 0,07^{4})$	2,3
15	Same	138	$23,308 \pm 0,020$	28	$21,76 \pm 0,04^{3})$	5
15	”	301	$23,395 \pm 0,02^{12})$	28	$(23,37 \pm 0,04)$		$23,378 \pm 0,008$
15	$N^{14}H — N^{15}$	223	$10,74 \pm 0,20$	0,2	$10,030 \pm 0,019$
15	Same	138	$10,772 \pm 0,020$	29	$(10,772 \pm 0,020)$	29	$10,801 \pm 0,008$
15	$C^{12}H_3 — Si^{30}$	125	$36,79 \pm 0,075$	2	$34,26 \pm 0,08$	2	$36,616 \pm 0,020$

Continuation of Table 1

Mass no. of doublet	Doublet	Literature references	Experimental value $\Delta M$ in units of $O^{16}$	Weight	Adopted value $\Delta M$ in $Mэв$	Weight	Value $\Delta M$, calculated from masses (Table II), in units of $O^{16}$
16	$C^{12}H_{4} — N^{14}H_{2}$	226	$12,550 \pm 0,013$	69	See doublet 14		$12,578 \pm 0,008$
16	$C^{12}H_{4} — O^{16}$	22	$36,01 \pm 0,16$	0
16	Same	256	$36,49 \pm 0,08$	0
16	Same	269	$36,406 \pm 0,040$	6,8
16	Same	20	$36,42 \pm 0,09$	0
16	Same	226	$36,32 \pm 0,035$	9,2
16	Same	331	$36,45 \pm 0,01$	0
16	Same	299	$36,478 \pm 0,022$	0
16	Same	301	$36,443 \pm 0,008^{12})$	200	$33,916 \pm 0,007^{3})$	200
16	Same	100	$36,427 \pm 0,008$	200	$(36,424 \pm 0,008)$		$36,401 \pm 0,005$
16	Same	140	$36,371 \pm 0,012$	82
16	$N^{14}H_{2} — O^{16}$	223	$23,69 \pm 0,15$	0,5	$22,096 \pm 0,026^{3})$	15
16	Same	269	$23,780 \pm 0,032$	11	$(23,730 \pm 0,027)$		$23,823 \pm 0,004$
17	$N^{14}H_{3} — O^{16}H$	269	$23,661 \pm 0,039^{4})$	8	See preceding doublet		$23,823 \pm 0,004$
18	$O^{16}H_{2} — O^{18}$	21	$10,41 \pm 0,18$	0
18	Same	267	$12,57 \pm 0,18$	0			$11,404 \pm 0,006$
18	$H_{2}O^{16} — A^{26}$	22	$27,1 \pm 0,36$	0
18	Same	331	$26,77 \pm 0,01$	0
18	Same	299	$26,702 \pm 0,040$	0
18	Same	100	$26,819 \pm 0,028$	15	$24,972 \pm 0,026$	15	$26,833 \pm 0,027$
19	$O^{16}DH — F^{19}$	22	$18,33 \pm 0,29$	0			$20,660 \pm 0,005$
20	$D_{2}O^{16} — H_{2}O^{18}$	140	$8,312 \pm 0,012$	83	$7,740 \pm 0,011$	83	$8,303 \pm 0,006$
20	$CD_{4} — Ne^{20}$	269	$63,816 \pm 0,050$	5	$59,42 \pm 0,05$	5	$63,985 \pm 0,008$

Continuation of Table 1

Mass number of doublet	Doublet	Literature references	Experimental value of $\Delta M$ in units of $\mathrm{O}^{16}$	Weight	Adopted value of $\Delta M$ in $M_{98}$	Weight	Value of $\Delta M$, calculated from masses (Table II), in units of $\mathrm{O}^{16}$
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
20	$\mathrm{O}^{16}\mathrm{D}_2-\mathrm{Ne}^{20}$	21	$30,83 \pm 0,40$	0
20	Same	224	$30,65 \pm 0,10$	1,2
20	”	299	$30,721 \pm 0,039$	8	$28,575 \pm 0,009$	130
20	”	140	$30,688 \pm 0,010$	120	$(30,688 \pm 0,010)$		$30,685 \pm 0,005$
20	$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}^{18}-\mathrm{Ne}^{20}$	140	$22,391 \pm 0,010$	120	$20,849 \pm 0,009$	120	$22,382 \pm 0,008$
20	$\mathrm{D}_2\mathrm{O}^{16}-\mathrm{A}^{40}$	224	$41,89 \pm 0,20$	0
20	Same	299	$41,957 \pm 0,018$	35	$39,068 \pm 0,009$	118
20	”	140	$41,953 \pm 0,012$	83	$(41,957 \pm 0,010)$		$41,945 \pm 0,016$
20	$\mathrm{Ne}^{20}-\mathrm{A}^{40}$	223	$11,30 \pm 0,20$	0
20	Same	22	$10,88 \pm 0,30$	0
20	”	269	$11,142 \pm 0,38$	0
20	”	299	$11,280 \pm 0,018$	35	$10,503 \pm 0,017$	35	$11,260 \pm 0,016$
21	$\mathrm{D}_2\mathrm{HO}^{16}-\mathrm{Ne}^{21}$	140	$37,212 \pm 0,020^{4)}$	28	$34,650 \pm 0,019$	28	$37,102 \pm 0,006$
21	$\mathrm{Ne}^{20}\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{Ne}^{21}$	223	$7,26 \pm 0,20$	0			$6,419 \pm 0,007$
22	$\mathrm{D}_3\mathrm{O}^{16}-\mathrm{Ne}^{22}$	140	$45,867 \pm 0,015$	51	$42,709 \pm 0,014$	51	$45,887 \pm 0,005$
27	$\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_3-\mathrm{Al}^{27}$	17	$40,5$	0
27	Same	149	$42,35 \pm 0,065^{4)}$	2,8	$39,43 \pm 0,06$	2,8	$41,986 \pm 0,025$
28	$\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_4-\mathrm{C}^{12}\mathrm{O}^{16}$	299	$36,443 \pm 0,022$	25
28	Same	301	$36,451 \pm 0,022^{12)}$	25	See $\mathrm{CH}_4-\mathrm{O}^{16}$		$36,401 \pm 0,005$
28	$\mathrm{N}_2-\mathrm{C}^{12}\mathrm{O}^{16}$	223	$11,17 \pm 0,20$	0
28	Same	269	$11,222 \pm 0,04$	7,2	$10,498 \pm 0,011$	76
28	”	299	$11,280 \pm 0,013$	69	$(11,271 \pm 0,012)$		$11,245 \pm 0,008$
28	$\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_4-\mathrm{Si}^{28}$	126	$54,46 \pm 0,168$	0,4	$50,71 \pm 0,16$	0,4	$54,420 \pm 0,027$

Continuation of Table 1

Mass number of doublet	Doublet	Literature references	Experimental value $\Delta M$ in units of $O^{16}$	Weight	Accepted value $\Delta M$ in MeV	Weight	Value $\Delta M$, computed from masses (Table II), in units of $O^{16}$
28	$C^{12}O^{16}—Si^{28}$	22	$17,2 \pm 0,6$	0	—
28	Same	126	$18,06 \pm 0,08$	1,8	$16,780 \pm 0,026$
28	”	140	$18,015 \pm 0,030$	13	$(18,021 \pm 0,028)$	15	$18,020 \pm 0,025$
29	$C_2H_5—Si^{29}$	126	$62,81 \pm 0,145$	0,5	$58,49 \pm 0,14$	0,5	$62,683 \pm 0,027$
29	$COH—Si^{29}$	124, 126	$26,16 \pm 0,145$	0,5	$24,36 \pm 0,14$	0,5	$26,281 \pm 0,026$
29	$B^{10}F^{19}—Si^{29}$	22	$34,2 \pm 0,6$	0,03	$31,8 \pm 0,6$	0,03	$34,891 \pm 0,027$
31	$C^{12}F^{19}—P^{31}$	22	$24,4 \pm 0,5$	0,05	$22,7 \pm 0,5$	0,05	$24,686 \pm 0,028$
32	$O_2—P^{31}H$	140	$8,249 \pm 0,030$	13	$7,681 \pm 0,028$	13	$8,267 \pm 0,027$
32	$O_2—S^{32}$	22	$17,7 \pm 0,3$	0
32	Same	303	$19,15 \pm 0,11$	0
32	”	372	$17,7 \pm 1,0$	0
32	”	127	$17,63 \pm 0,09$	0
32	”	300	$17,782 \pm 0,025$	0
32	”	100	$17,764 \pm 0,007$	237	$16,536 \pm 0,010^{3})$	97
32	”	140	$17,716 \pm 0,020$	28	$(17,759 \pm 0,011)$		$17,777 \pm 0,011$
32	$P^{31}H—S^{32}$	140	$9,501 \pm 0,020$	28	$8,850 \pm 0,019$	28	$9,510 \pm 0,029$
34	$P^{31}H_3—S^{34}$	140	$29,275 \pm 0,020$	28	$27,259 \pm 0,019$	28	$29,36 \pm 0,04$
34	$H_2S^{32}—S^{34}$	304	$20,04 \pm 0,32$	0,11	$18,7 \pm 0,3$	0,11	$19,85 \pm 0,03$
36	$C_3—Cl^{35}H$	22	$22,5 \pm 0,7$	0
36	Same	303	$24,67 \pm 0,17$	0
36	”	100	$23,341 \pm 0,044$	6	$21,73 \pm 0,04$	6	$23,29 \pm 0,03$
36	$H_2S^{34}—HCl^{35}$	140	$6,740 \pm 0,025$	19	$6,276 \pm 0,023$	19	$6,80 \pm 0,04$
36	$C_3—A^{36}$	22	$32,6 \pm 0,7$	0
36	Same	100	$32,501 \pm 0,033$	10	$30,26 \pm 0,03$	10	$32,54 \pm 0,03$

Continuation of Table I

Mass number of the doublet	Doublet	Literature references	Experimental value of $\Delta M$ in units of $\mathrm{O}^{16}$	Weight	Adopted value of $\Delta M$ in $M_{\mathrm{ev}}$	Weight	Value of $\Delta M$, calculated from masses (Table II) in units of $\mathrm{O}^{16}$
37	$\mathrm{HC}_3-\mathrm{Cl}^{37}$	22	$41.2 \pm 0.7$	0
37	Same	303	$42.17 \pm 0.09$	0
38	$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{C}_3-\mathrm{HCl}^{37}$	22	$41.2 \pm 0.7$	0
38	Same	303	$41.98 \pm 0.11$	0
38	”	304	$42.17 \pm 0.09$	1.4	$39.15 \pm 0.04^{3)}$	6.4
38	”	100	$42.014 \pm 0.046$	5.4	$(42.05 \pm 0.04)$		$42.03 \pm 0.04$
38	$\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_2-\mathrm{A}^{38}$	100	$52.910 \pm 0.040$	7.3	$49.27 \pm 0.04$	7.3	$52.94 \pm 0.06$
39	$\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_3-\mathrm{K}^{39}$	100	$59.905 \pm 0.026$	15	$55.781 \pm 0.024$	15	$59.88 \pm 0.04$
39	$\mathrm{CHCN}-\mathrm{K}^{39}$	186	$47.58 \pm 0.08$	1.8	$44.30 \pm 0.07$	1.8	$47.31 \pm 0.04$
40	$\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_4-\mathrm{A}^{40}$	22	$67.9 \pm 0.6$	0
40	Same	303	$67.93 \pm 0.07$	2.4
40	”	331	$68.85 \pm 0.01$	0	$63.95 \pm 0.24^{3)}$	0.18
40	”	299	$68.877 \pm 0.035$	9.2	$(68.68 \pm 0.26)$		$68.963 \pm 0.024$
40	$\mathrm{A}^{40}-\mathrm{Ca}^{40}$	332	$-0.32 \pm 0.08$	0
40	Same	299	$-0.32 \pm 0.08$	1.8	$-0.30 \pm 0.07$	1.8	$-0.22 \pm 0.05$
40	$\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_4-\mathrm{Ca}^{40}$	299	$68.539 \pm 0.046$	5.4	$63.82 \pm 0.04$	5.4	$68.73 \pm 0.05$
41	$\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_5-\mathrm{A}^{40}\mathrm{H}$	303	$69.30 \pm 0.23$	0			$68.963 \pm 0.024$
41	$\mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{CN}-\mathrm{K}^{41}$	186	$65.13 \pm 0.05$	4.6	$60.65 \pm 0.05$	4.6	$64.94 \pm 0.05$
42	$\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_6-\mathrm{Ca}^{42}$	100	$88.247 \pm 0.034$	$^{6)}$	$82.171 \pm 0.032$
43	$\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_7-\mathrm{Ca}^{43}$	100	$96.040 \pm 0.052$	$^{6)}$	$89.428 \pm 0.048$
44	$\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_8-\mathrm{CO}_2$	300	$72.967 \pm 0.041$	0
44	Same	100	$72.854 \pm 0.015$	51	$67.838 \pm 0.014$	51	$72.803 \pm 0.008$
44	$\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_8-\mathrm{N}_2\mathrm{O}$	299	$61.76 \pm 0.09$	1.4	$57.51 \pm 0.08$	1.4	$61.558 \pm 0.012$
44	$\mathrm{CO}_3-\mathrm{C}^{12}\mathrm{S}^{32}$	303	$18.94 \pm 0.23$	0

Continuation of Table I

Mass number of the doublet	Doublet	Literature references	Experimental value $\Delta M$ in units $O^{16}$	Weight	Adopted value $\Delta M$ in $M_{\mathrm{eV}}$	Weight	Value $\Delta M$, calculated from masses (Table II), in units $O^{16}$
44	$\mathrm{CO}_2 — \mathrm{C}^{12}\mathrm{S}^{32}$	300	$17,782 \pm 0,025$	19	$16,558 \pm 0,023$	19	$17,777 \pm 0,011$
44	$\mathrm{CO}_2 — \mathrm{Ca}^{44}$	100	$34,607 \pm 0,059$	$^{6)}$	$32,224 \pm 0,055$
48	$\mathrm{C}_4 — \mathrm{S}^{32}\mathrm{O}^{16}$	300	$33,182 \pm 0,007$	0
48	Same	100	$33,132 \pm 0,013$	69	$30,851 \pm 0,012$	69	$33,046 \pm 0,015$
48	$\mathrm{C}_4 — \mathrm{Ca}^{48}$	100	$47,590 \pm 0,10$	$^{6)}$	$44,314 \pm 0,09$
49	$\mathrm{C}_4\mathrm{H} — \mathrm{S}^{33}\mathrm{O}^{16}$	100	$41,385 \pm 0,046$	4,4	$38,54 \pm 0,04$	4,4	$41,495 \pm 0,020$
50	$\mathrm{C}_4\mathrm{H}_2 — \mathrm{S}^{34}\mathrm{O}^{16}$	100	$52,960 \pm 0,040$	5,6	$49,26 \pm 0,04$	5,6	$52,90 \pm 0,03$
76	$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_4 — \mathrm{CS}_2$	300	$87,326 \pm 0,058$	2,8	$81,31 \pm 0,05$	2,8	$87,225 \pm 0,018$

NOTES TO TABLE I

1) In the calculations it was assumed that measurements whose error is $0.1\,M_{\mathrm{eV}}$ have a weight equal to unity.
2) The table gives weights and errors rounded to one or two significant figures. The calculations were carried out with unrounded values.
3) A case in which the error of the “scatter” $\sigma_2$ proved larger than the error $\sigma_1$.
4) The difference between the given experimental value and the most probable value calculated from the masses of Table II lies outside the limits of the stated probable error.
5) We increased the author’s error by $\pm 0.01$ to the value $0.02$.
6) This equation was transferred to the additional system. For the principles of the calculation see Section IV.
7) The error was estimated by us from the errors of the reaction-product runs.
8) The error was estimated by us.
9) $E'$ is the mass difference of the initial and final nucleus.
10) The reaction was not used, since it is in contradiction with other information on the mass of $A^{39}$.
11) In column 6, in parentheses, the adopted value $\Delta M$ is given in mass units.
12) The error was increased by us, since the authors are known to have a tendency to overstate the accuracy of their measurements.

B. S. DZHELEPOV AND L. N. ZYRYANOVA

IV. CALCULATION SCHEME

In the mathematical processing of the experimental data it was necessary to obtain a system of the most probable values of the masses. In our work this problem was solved by applying the method of least squares. The calculations were carried out as follows.

On the basis of the material of Table I, first of all the most probable value of the energy of each reaction and of the doublet quantity was found, i.e., a weighted mean was formed from the existing measurements of the given quantity. In doing this, in addition to separate measurements of one and the same quantity, the values for direct and inverse reactions, reactions with the same $Q$, and equivalent doublets were combined.

To find the mean it is necessary to have weights for all values. Almost everywhere, except in cases where this is specially stipulated, we determined the weights on the basis of the authors’ estimate of the errors. It should be noted that different authors approach the determination of the probable error of their measurements in different ways. A unification of these definitions would be desirable, but it is very laborious, and in the present work it was not carried out.

The results of the calculations discussed below justify such “confidence” in the authors.

To determine the weight of each value the formula used was

\[ p_i=\frac{\sigma_0^2}{\sigma_i^2}, \]

where $\sigma_0$ is the error of a determination, whose weight is taken as equal to unity;

$\sigma_i$ is the error of the $i$-th value.

Measurements whose errors exceed the smallest of the errors by more than a factor of ten were everywhere assigned zero weight, since in weighting they practically do not change the result.

If the same authors successively reported different values of a given quantity, then we used only their last value, assigning to the others a weight equal to zero.

The weights that were finally adopted in averaging are placed in the fifth column of Table I ($\sigma_0$ was taken equal to $0.1$).

In determining the error of the mean values we proceeded in the following way. For each mean value there were calculated: a) the “statistical” error

\[ \sigma_1=\frac{\sigma_0}{\sqrt{\sum_i p_i}} \]

and b) the error of “scatter”

\[ \sigma_2=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{\frac{\sum_i p_i\delta_i^2}{(n-1)\sum p_i}}, \]

where $p_i$ is the weight of the $i$-th value, $n$ is the number of terms being weighted, and $\delta_i$ is the deviation of the $i$-th number from the weighted mean.

The largest of these errors was assigned to the averaged value. If the errors of the individual measurements are random in character, then $\sigma_1$ should be larger than, or of the order of, $\sigma_2$. In cases where $\sigma_2$ considerably exceeds $\sigma_1$, one may suppose the presence of unexcluded systematic errors, which “throw” individual values beyond the limits of probable errors. By assigning to the result in this case the error $\sigma_2$, we take this scatter into account and reduce the weight of contradictory measurements.

In our calculations, in 19 cases out of 81, $\sigma_2$ proved to be greater than the statistical error. In the table these cases are marked by a footnote$^{8}$. There was not a single case in which $\sigma_2$ exceeded $\sigma_1$ by a factor of 3.

The sixth column gives the mean values obtained in this way. In the subsequent calculations they were regarded as experimental values of reaction energies or doublet quantities. In the following column are given the weights which were derived for the mean values according to the rule indicated above.

The further work consisted in finding the best values of the masses by applying the method of least squares.

The experimental material constitutes a system of 258 equations with 97 unknowns of the type

\[ X+Y-Z-T=Q \]

(conditional equations), where $X$, etc., are nuclear masses, and $Q$ is the energy of the nuclear transformation.

Since the $Q$’s are determined experimentally with certain errors, all these equations cannot be fully compatible, and therefore an exact solution of the whole system does not exist. It is required to find a system of unknowns which would satisfy all the equations as well as possible. According to the principle of the method of least squares$^{24}$, the best system of unknowns is that for which the sum of the squares of the remaining errors of the equations has the minimum value. Mathematically, the search for such a system of unknowns is reduced to converting the conditional equations into an equivalent system of normal equations, the number of which is equal to the number of unknowns, and to solving it. The unknowns found from the normal system have the greatest weight and the smallest mean error among all other possible systems of unknowns.

Solving the system of 258 equations with 97 unknowns is practically infeasible. Therefore the problem must be divided into several stages.

First of all, on considering Table I, it is not difficult to see that some nuclei enter only one or two equations that have large errors (for example, the nucleus $N^{16}$). Including such equations in the general system would not increase the accuracy of determining the masses of other nuclei, in view of the small weight of these equations, but would considerably complicate the computations. Therefore equations for nuclei whose mass in any case cannot be determined with an error less than $30\ \text{kev}$ were separated into an additional system, which was solved after the main one. The remaining 208 equations with 66 unknowns were divided into five systems.

The first, principal system included the neutron and the following 24 nuclei: $H^1$, $H^2$, $H^3$, $He^3$, $He^4$, $Li^6$, $Li^7$, $Li^8$, $Be^7$, $Be^8$, $Be^9$, $Be^{10}$, $B^9$, $B^{10}$, $B^{11}$, $B^{12}$, $C^{11}$, $C^{12}$, $C^{13}$, $C^{14}$, $N^{13}$, $N^{14}$, $N^{15}$. The selection of such a large system was dictated, above all, by the need to include in one system both the light particles participating in the majority of nuclear reactions and the nucleus $O^{16}$, with respect to which all calculations are carried out. This system also covered the principal doublets $H_2—D$, $D_3—C^{12}$, $C^{13}H_3—O^{16}$, $C^{13}H_2—N^{14}$, used in mass-spectrometric determinations. Such a division also reflects the general accuracy of the information on nuclear masses: the total weight of all data included in the first system is 94 000, whereas for the following 25 nuclei it is only 10 000.

The system contained 95 equations with 25 unknowns. The corresponding system of normal equations was solved by the method of successive elimination of unknowns. At the same time, systems used to determine the weights of the unknowns were solved.

For determining the probable errors of the unknowns, the formula used was

\[ \sigma_{\mathrm{prob}}(x)=\frac{0.674}{\sqrt{p(x)}}\sqrt{\frac{\sum \varepsilon_i^2}{n-m}}, \]

where $\varepsilon_i$ is the error of the $i$-th conditional equation, i.e. the quantity $Q_{\mathrm{exp.}}-Q_{\mathrm{calc.}}$, where $Q_{\mathrm{calc.}}$ is found by substituting the masses obtained from the system; $n$ is the number of conditional equations; $m$ is the number of unknowns; $p(x)$ is the weight of the unknown $x$, found from the normal system. As is seen from the formula, the errors are determined by how well the results of different experiments agree with one another.

Four other systems contained the following nuclei:

second — $O^{18}$, $F^{18}$, $F^{19}$, $F^{20}$, $Ne^{20}$, $Ne^{21}$, $Ne^{22}$, $Ne^{23}$, $Na^{23}$;

third — $Mg^{24}$, $Mg^{25}$, $Mg^{26}$, $Mg^{27}$, $Al^{27}$, $Al^{28}$, $Si^{28}$, $Si^{29}$, $Si^{30}$, $Si^{31}$, $P^{31}$;

fourth — $P^{32}, S^{32}, S^{33}, S^{34}, S^{36}, Cl^{35}, Cl^{36}, Cl^{37}, A^{36}, A^{37}, A^{40}$;

fifth — $Cl^{38}, A^{38}, A^{41}, K^{39}, K^{40}, K^{41}, K^{42}, Ca^{40}$ and $Ca^{41}$.

They were solved analogously to the principal system. The masses determined in the preceding systems were substituted into the subsequent equations as known quantities. This does not introduce any special inaccuracies, since the probable errors of the experimental values increase with $Z$. In this way the masses up to $Ca^{41}$ were determined.

After solving the five principal systems, the masses of the nuclei $He^{5}$, $He^{6}$, $C^{10}$, $C^{12}$, $N^{13}$, $N^{16}$, $O^{14}$, $O^{15}$, $O^{19}$, $F^{17}$, $Ne^{19}$, $Na^{23}$, $Na^{24}$, $Mg^{23}$, $Al^{24}$, $Al^{26}$, $Al^{29}$, $P^{29}$, $P^{30}$, $P^{33}$, $S^{31}$, $S^{36}$, $S^{37}$, $Cl^{33}$, $Cl^{34}$, $A^{35}$, $A^{39}$, $K^{37}$, $K^{38}$, $Ca^{39}$, $Ca^{42}$, $Ca^{43}$, $Ca^{44}$ and $Ca^{48}$ were found; these entered into additional equations. The errors of these masses are determined mainly by the errors of the experimental values.
To convert mass units into energy units, the well-known formula was used: $1$ mass unit $=10^{-7}\dfrac{c^2}{F}$ MeV, where $c$ is the speed of light in cm/sec, and $F$ is Faraday’s constant in coulombs.

The values of the constants were taken from the work of Du Mond35; in this case $1$ mass unit $=931.152$ MeV.

V. TABLE OF MASSES OF LIGHT NUCLEI

Table II (see p. 512) gives the masses of atoms for $Z \leq 20$. In the third column the value of the nuclear mass defect $M-A$ is given in MeV; in the next column the atomic masses are given in units of $O^{16}$. In parentheses are indicated the probable errors in the sixth digit after the decimal point.

VI. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS

1. Discussion of the initial values from the point of view of the results

After the masses of all the nuclei had been determined, we calculated the values of $Q$ and $\Delta M$ that correspond to the masses found. These values are given in the eighth column of Table I. Comparing the experimental results and the most probable values found by us, we can verify that the difference between them lies outside the limits of the probable error in 38% of cases. According to the definition of probable error, for a sufficiently large number of measurements 50% of the results should deviate from the mean value by an amount greater than the probable error. The number cited above indicates that most experimenters correctly estimate their errors.

Of the 460 experimental determinations on which our mass table is based, 59 fall outside the doubled, 24 outside

B. S. DZHELEPOV and L. N. ZYRYANOVA

Table II

Masses of light nuclei

Element	Mass number $A$	Mass defect $M-A$, in MeV	Atomic mass $M$, in atomic mass units
n	1	$8.3663 \pm 0.0015$	$1.0089849$ $(\pm 1.6)$
H	1	$7.5852 \pm 0.0012$	$1.0081460$ $(\pm 1.3)$
H	2	$13.7262 \pm 0.0023$	$2.0147411$ $(\pm 2.4)$
H	3	$15.832 \pm 0.005$	$3.017003$ $(\pm 5)$
He	3	$15.814 \pm 0.005$	$3.016983$ $(\pm 5)$
He	4	$3.6104 \pm 0.0025$	$4.0038773$ $(\pm 2.7)$
He	5	$12.72 \pm 0.10$	$5.01366$ $(\pm 110)$
He	6	$19.39 \pm 0.03$	$6.02082$ $(\pm 30)$
Li	6	$15.855 \pm 0.005$	$6.017028$ $(\pm 6)$
Li	7	$16.970 \pm 0.006$	$7.018225$ $(\pm 7)$
Li	8	$23.303 \pm 0.007$	$8.025026$ $(\pm 8)$
Be	7	$17.834 \pm 0.007$	$7.019153$ $(\pm 7)$
Be	8	$7.308 \pm 0.005$	$8.007849$ $(\pm 6)$
Be	9	$14.006 \pm 0.006$	$9.015042$ $(\pm 6)$
Be	10	$15.566 \pm 0.008$	$10.016717$ $(\pm 9)$
B	9	$15.077 \pm 0.007$	$9.016192$ $(\pm 7)$
B	10	$15.009 \pm 0.007$	$10.016118$ $(\pm 8)$
B	11	$11.915 \pm 0.006$	$11.012796$ $(\pm 6)$
B	12	$16.921 \pm 0.010$	$12.018172$ $(\pm 10)$
C	10	$18.94 \pm 0.10$	$10.02034$ $(\pm 110)$
C	11	$13.903 \pm 0.007$	$11.014931$ $(\pm 7)$
C	12	$3.555 \pm 0.005$	$12.003817$ $(\pm 5)$
C	13	$6.972 \pm 0.005$	$13.007488$ $(\pm 5)$
C	14	$7.168 \pm 0.004$	$14.007698$ $(\pm 4)$
C	15	$13.3 \pm 0.5$	$15.0143$ $(\pm 500)$
N	12	$21.23 \pm 0.08$	$12.02280$ $(\pm 90)$
N	13	$9.197 \pm 0.005$	$13.009877$ $(\pm 6)$
N	14	$7.013 \pm 0.004$	$14.007531$ $(\pm 5)$
N	15	$4.541 \pm 0.006$	$15.004877$ $(\pm 7)$
N	16	$10.47 \pm 0.15$	$16.01124$ $(\pm 160)$
O	14	$12.15 \pm 0.10$	$14.01305$ $(\pm 110)$
O	15	$7.246 \pm 0.008$	$15.007782$ $(\pm 9)$
O	16		$16.000000$
O	17	$4.224 \pm 0.006$	$17.004536$ $(\pm 7)$
O	18	$4.551 \pm 0.005$	$18.004888$ $(\pm 6)$
O	19	$8.6 \pm 0.3$	$19.0092$ $(\pm 300)$
F	17	$6.980 \pm 0.008$	$17.007496$ $(\pm 9)$
F	18	$6.222 \pm 0.006$	$18.006683$ $(\pm 6)$
F	19	$4.148 \pm 0.005$	$19.004454$ $(\pm 5)$
F	20	$5.914 \pm 0.020$	$20.006352$ $(\pm 22)$
Ne	19	$7.404 \pm 0.007$	$19.007951$ $(\pm 7)$
Ne	20	$-1.120 \pm 0.004$	$19.998798$ $(\pm 5)$
Ne	21	$0.489 \pm 0.005$	$21.000525$ $(\pm 6)$
Ne	22	$-1.549 \pm 0.004$	$21.998336$ $(\pm 4)$
Ne	23	$1.603 \pm 0.006$	$23.001722$ $(\pm 6)$
Na	21	$4.039 \pm 0.020$	$21.004338$ $(\pm 22)$
Na	22	$1.325 \pm 0.016$	$22.001423$ $(\pm 17)$
Na	23	$-2.706 \pm 0.006$	$22.997094$ $(\pm 6)$

Continuation of Table II

Element	Mass number $A$	Mass defect $M-A$, in MeV	Atomic mass $M$, in atomic mass units
Na	24	$-1.296 \pm 0.011$	23.998608 $(\pm 12)$
Mg	23	$1.20 \pm 0.06$	23.00129 $(\pm 60)$
Mg	24	$-6.848 \pm 0.022$	23.992646 $(\pm 24)$
Mg	25	$-5.803 \pm 0.020$	24.993768 $(\pm 22)$
Mg	26	$-8.561 \pm 0.028$	25.99081 $(\pm 30)$
Mg	27	$-6.63 \pm 0.03$	26.99288 $(\pm 30)$
Al	24	$7.2 \pm 0.3$	24.0077 $(\pm 300)$
Al	26	$-5.8 \pm 0.3$	25.9938 $(\pm 300)$
Al	27	$-9.230 \pm 0.022$	26.990088 $(\pm 24)$
Al	28	$-8.580 \pm 0.024$	27.990786 $(\pm 25)$
Al	29	$-9.6 \pm 0.3$	28.9897 $(\pm 300)$
Si	27	$-4.62 \pm 0.07$	26.99504 $(\pm 80)$
Si	28	$-13.223 \pm 0.024$	27.985800 $(\pm 26)$
Si	29	$-13.332 \pm 0.024$	28.985682 $(\pm 25)$
Si	30	$-15.568 \pm 0.025$	29.983282 $(\pm 27)$
Si	31	$-13.811 \pm 0.029$	30.98517 $(\pm 30)$
P	29	$-8.15 \pm 0.05$	28.99124 $(\pm 50)$
P	30	$-11.24 \pm 0.04$	29.98793 $(\pm 50)$
P	31	$-15.283 \pm 0.025$	30.983588 $(\pm 27)$
P	32	$-14.846 \pm 0.012$	31.984056 $(\pm 12)$
P	33	$-16.575 \pm 0.018$	32.982200 $(\pm 19)$
S	31	$-10.26 \pm 0.09$	30.98898 $(\pm 100)$
S	32	$-16.553 \pm 0.010$	31.982223 $(\pm 11)$
S	33	$-16.835 \pm 0.016$	32.981921 $(\pm 17)$
S	34	$-19.867 \pm 0.028$	33.97866 $(\pm 30)$
S	35	$-18.44 \pm 0.03$	34.98019 $(\pm 30)$
S	36	$-20.00 \pm 0.10$	35.97850 $(\pm 100)$
S	37	$-16.6 \pm 0.3$	36.9822 $(\pm 300)$
Cl	33	$-11.62 \pm 0.06$	32.98753 $(\pm 70)$
Cl	34	$-14.26 \pm 0.08$	33.98468 $(\pm 80)$
Cl	35	$-18.61 \pm 0.03$	34.98002 $(\pm 30)$
Cl	36	$-18.87 \pm 0.04$	35.97974 $(\pm 40)$
Cl	37	$-20.89 \pm 0.04$	36.97756 $(\pm 40)$
Cl	38	$-18.59 \pm 0.07$	37.98004 $(\pm 80)$
A	35	$-13.19 \pm 0.09$	34.98584 $(\pm 100)$
A	36	$-19.63 \pm 0.03$	35.97892 $(\pm 30)$
A	37	$-20.07 \pm 0.04$	36.97844 $(\pm 40)$
A	38	$-23.47 \pm 0.06$	37.97480 $(\pm 70)$
A	40	$-23.210 \pm 0.021$	39.975073 $(\pm 22)$
A	41	$-20.96 \pm 0.05$	40.97749 $(\pm 50)$
K	37	$-14.48 \pm 0.14$	36.98445 $(\pm 150)$
K	38	$-17.5 \pm 0.2$	37.9812 $(\pm 200)$
K	39	$-22.34 \pm 0.04$	38.97600 $(\pm 40)$
K	40	$-21.68 \pm 0.05$	39.97672 $(\pm 50)$
K	41	$-23.59 \pm 0.05$	40.97467 $(\pm 50)$
K	42	$-22.61 \pm 0.07$	41.97572 $(\pm 80)$

B. S. Dzhelepov and L. N. Zyryanova

Continuation of Table II

Element	Mass number $A$	Mass defect $M-A$, in MeV	Atomic mass $M$, in atomic mass units
Ca	39	$-16.10 \pm 0.14$	38.98271 $(\pm 150)$
Ca	40	$-23.00 \pm 0.05$	39.97530 $(\pm 50)$
Ca	41	$-23.13 \pm 0.06$	40.97516 $(\pm 60)$
Ca	42	$-26.00 \pm 0.03$	41.97208 $(\pm 30)$
Ca	43	$-25.67 \pm 0.05$	42.97244 $(\pm 50)$
Ca	44	$-28.67 \pm 0.06$	43.96921 $(\pm 60)$
Ca	48	$-30.09 \pm 0.09$	47.96768 $(\pm 100)$

limits of the tripled error and 13 beyond the limits of the quadrupled probable error. At the same time, if the number of cases in which the error exceeds the single, double, and triple errors approximately corresponds to the Gaussian distribution, the number of cases falling outside the quadrupled error exceeds it by a factor of five.

It is natural to fear that in these cases there are unclarified methodological errors. Such cases include the works $^{233, 412, 284, 55, 138, 72, 140, 307, 386, 149, 267}$ and 269 (see the literature for Table I).

2. Comparison of the masses obtained with the results of previous analyses

Table III gives the masses of the principal isotopes according to our data (Table II) and previous analyses. A comparison of these data shows that, in comparison with 1947, the errors have decreased on average by a factor of 10–20. It can be seen that the mass systems agree with one another within their probable errors. Differences extending beyond the limits of the tripled error occur relatively rarely.

3. Comparison of mass systems based on nuclear reactions and on mass-spectrometric doublets

It is of interest to compare the results obtained if the data from measurements of doublets and the values of $Q$ are used separately. For this purpose, from the doublets listed in Table I, an independent system of 19 equations with 10 unknowns was constructed and again solved by the method of least squares.

Table III

Masses of the principal isotopes

Isotope	Bethe data1	Mattauch and Flammersfeld data2	Data: a) Li, Whaling5, b) Ewald4, c) Collins, Nier3	Data of the present work
n	1,00893 (± 30)*)	1,008939 (± 5)	1,008982 (± 3) a)	1,0089849 (±1,6)
H1	1,008123 (± 6)	1,008130 (± 3)	1,008142 (± 3)	1,0081460 (±1,3)
H2	2,014708 (± 11)	2,014721 (± 6)	2,014735 (± 6)	2,0147411 (±2,4)
H3	3,01700 (± 34)	3,017033 (±17)	3,016937 (±11)	3,017003 (± 5)
He4	4,00390 (± 30)	4,003887 (±21)	4,003873 (±15)	4,0038773 (±2,7)
Li6	6,01697 (± 50)	6,016952 (±50)	6,017021 (±22)	6,017028 (± 6)
Li7	7,01822 (± 60)	7,018203 (±40)	7,018223 (±26)	7,018225 (± 7)
Be9	9,01503 (± 60)	9,01499 (±60)	9,015043 (±30)	9,015042 (± 6)
B10	10,01618 (± 90)	10,01606 (±60)	10,016114 (±28)	10,016118 (± 8)
B11	11,01284 (± 80)	11,01283 (±60)	11,012789 (±23)	11,012796 (± 6)
C12	12,00382 (± 40)	12,003855 (±23)	12,003804 (±17)	12,003817 (± 5)
C13	13,00751 (±100)	13,007576 (±23)	13,007473 (±14)	13,007488 (± 5)

*) Errors in the sixth digit after the decimal point.

Continuation of Table III

Isotope	Bethe data¹	Mattauch and Flammersfeld data²	Data: a) Li, Whaling⁵, b) Ewald⁴, c) Collins, Nier³	Data of the present work
N¹⁴	14,00751 (± 40)	14,007540 (± 24)	14,007515 (±11)	14,007531 (± 5)
N¹⁵	15,00489 (±210)	15,004900 (± 25)	15,004863 (±12)	15,004877 (± 7)
O¹⁷	17,00450 (± 60)	17,00453 (± 60)	17,004533 (± 7)	17,004536 (± 7)
F¹⁹	19,00450 (±260)	19,00435 (± 70)	19,004456 (±15)	19,004454 (± 5)
Ne²⁰	19,99877 (±100)	19,998898 (± 50)	19,998771 (±12) b)	19,998798 (± 5)
Na²³	22,99618 (±300)	22,99697 (± 70)		22,997094 (± 6)
Mg²⁴	23,9924 (±600)	23,99254 (± 80)		23,992646 (±24)
Al²⁷	26,9899 (±800)	26,98974 (± 60)		26,990088 (±24)
Si²⁸	27,9866 (±600)	27,98545 (±110)	27,985792 (±32)	27,985800 (±26)
P³¹	30,9843 (±500)	30,98348 (±130)	30,983622 (±23)	30,983588 (±27)
S³²	31,98089 (± 70)	31,98167 (±170)	31,982236 (± 7) c)	31,982223 (±11)
Cl³⁵	34,97867 (±210)	34,97893 (±280)	34,98004 (±50)	34,98002 (±30)
Cl³⁷	36,97750 (±140)	36,97755	36,97766 (±50)	36,97756 (±40)
A⁴⁰	39,9756 (±600)	39,97551 (±120)	39,97513 (±30)	39,975073 (±22)
K³⁹	(38,9747)		38,97606 (±30)	38,97600 (±40)
Ca⁴⁰	39,9753 (±1500)		39,97545 (±90)	39,97530 (±50)

MASSES OF LIGHT NUCLEI

Table IV

Comparison of Two Systems of Masses

Isotope	Mass-spectrometric system	General system
H¹	1.0081426 (±1.7)	1.0081460 (±1.3)
H²	2.014734 (± 4)	2.0147411 (±2.4)
He⁴	4.003860 (± 12)	4.0038773 (±2.7)
B¹⁰	10.01631 (±170)	10.016118 (± 8)
B¹¹	11.01285 (±130)	11.012796 (± 6)
C¹²	12.003852 (± 10)	12.003817 (± 5)
C¹³	13.007584 (± 15)	13.007488 (± 5)
N¹⁴	14.007562 (± 8)	14.007531 (± 5)
N¹⁵	15.004929 (± 28)	15.004877 (± 7)
Ne²⁰	19.998792 (± 10)	19.998798 (± 5)

The results are given in the second column of Table IV. Strictly speaking, for comparison it would have been necessary to solve separately a system based on the values of $Q$ and $E$. However, the weight of the data on nuclear reactions and decays, as already indicated, amounts to 89% of the total weight of the data in Table I; consequently, a system based only on $Q$ and $E$ must be very close to the general system. Therefore, in the third column of Table IV the numbers from Table I are repeated. Incidentally, we note that they are close to the numbers of Li and Whaling, based only on the quantities $Q$.

The conclusions that can be drawn from comparing neighboring columns of Table IV are as follows. There is some systematic discrepancy between the mass-spectrometric data and the data obtained from nuclear reactions: the masses of the lightest particles obtained from doublets are smaller; in the region of B both mass scales coincide, and then, beginning with C¹², the mass-spectrometric masses are higher. In four cases (He⁴, C¹², C¹³, and N¹⁴) the difference in masses exceeds the limits of three times the probable error, which compels one to assume the presence of methodological errors. In the case of C¹³ the discrepancy is six times greater than the probable error.

The very large discrepancy in the value of the doublet C¹²H₄—O¹⁶, $(106 \pm 29)$, noted by Li and Whaling, has decreased, but only slightly. It should be noted that in the mass-spectrometric measurements themselves large discrepancies are encountered.

From the eighth column of Table I it can be seen that the mass values obtained by us as a whole agree well with the experimental values of the doublets. Outside the limits of one-, two-, and threefold probable error fall 35%, 18%, and 4% of the cases, respectively, whereas the Gaussian distribution predicts 50%, 18%, and 4%.

4. Microwave determinations of masses

Table V gives the results of microwave determinations of mass differences and their ratios. They were not included in the principal system, since their accuracy is low, while they substantially

Table V

Microwave determinations of masses

Doublets	Literature references	Experimental value	Value with the masses of Table II
S³³—S³²	16	0.99977 (±300)*)	0.999698 (± 20)
S³³—S³⁴	17	0.99709 (±150)	0.99674 (± 30)
S³⁴—S³⁶	18	2.00054 (±300)	1.99384 (±100)
Cl³⁵—Cl³⁷	14, 19	1.99751 (±140)	1.99754 (± 50)
Cl³⁵—Cl³⁶	15	1.00017 (±400)	0.99972 (± 50)
S³⁵—S³²
S³⁴—S³³	21	1.50155 (±150)	1.50166 (± 50)
S³⁵—S³²
S³³—S³²	21	2.99881 (±300)	2.99887 (± 40)
S³³—S³²
S³⁴—S³²	22	0.500714 (± 30)	0.50074 (± 40)
Si³⁰—Si²⁹
Si³⁰—Si²⁸	22	0.49941 (± 50)	0.49943 (± 50)

*) Errors in the sixth digit after the decimal point.

Table VI

Results not included in Table I

No.	Reaction	Literature references	Experimental value $Q$ or $E$	Value calculated from masses (Table II)
1	Li⁶ (t, d) Li⁷	448	0.982±0.007	0.991±0.010
2	Li⁶ (t, p) Li⁸	448	0.78±0.015	0.799±0.010
3	Be⁹ (α, n) C¹²	449	5.68	5.636±0.008
4	D (γ, n) p	450	−2.231±0.003	−2.225±0.003
5	Be⁹ (γ, n) Be⁸	450	−1.664±0.002	−1.668±0.008
6	F¹⁹ (p, n) Ne¹⁹	451	−4.040±0.005	−4.037±0.009
7	Cl³⁷ (p, n) A³⁷	452	−1.598±0.002	−1.60±0.06
8	P³¹ (n, γ) P³²	453	7.94±0.03	7.939±0.027
9	S³² (n, γ) S³³	453	8.64±0.02	8.648±0.019
10	Cl³⁵ (n, γ) Cl³⁶	453	8.56±0.03	8.63±0.05
11	K³⁹ (n, γ) K⁴⁰	453	7.77±0.03	7.71±0.06
12	Ne²⁰ (β⁺) F¹⁹	454	2.18±0.03	2.234±0.009
13	Na²¹ (β⁺) Ne²¹	454	2.50±0.03	2.528±0.021
14	Na²³ (p, n) Mg²³	455	−4.879±0.010	−4.69±0.06

would have complicated the processing of the material. In the 4th column the values of the same quantities, determined from the masses of Table II, are given.

It can be seen that almost all the differences lie within the probable error; only in two cases is the difference approximately equal to twice the error.

5. Comparison with results published in 1952 and not included in Table I

Table VI gives the results of those measurements which became known to the authors of the article after the calculations had been begun. It can be seen that the new experimental values agree well with those calculated from the nuclear masses of Table II.

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Green L., Gibson W., Proc. Phys. Soc., A 62, 407 (1949).
Grosskreutz J., Phys. Rev., 76, 482 (1949).
Guggelot P., Huber P., Scherrer P., Helv. Phys. Acta, 14, 138 (1941).
Guggenheimer K., Heitler H., Powell C., Proc. Roy. Soc., A 190, 196 (1947).
Halpern J., Crane H., Phys. Rev., 55, 415 (1939).
Hanna G., Pontecorvo B., Phys. Rev., 75, 983 (1949).
Hanna G., Phys. Rev., 80, 530 (1950).
Hanson A., Benedict D., Phys. Rev., 65, 33 (1944).
Hanson A., Phys. Rev., 75, 1794 (1949).

Haslam R., Katz L., Moody H., Skarsgaard H., Phys. Rev., 80, 318 (1950).
Haxel O., Zeits. f. Phys., 83, 323 (1933).
Haxel O., Phys. Zeits., 36, 840 (1935).
Haxby R., Shoupp W., Stephens W., Wells W., Phys. Rev., 57, 348 (1940).
Haxby R., Shoupp W., Stephens W., Wells W., Phys. Rev., 58, 1035 (1940).
Hemmendinger A., Phys. Rev., 75, 1267 (1949).
Henglein A., Zeits. Naturforsch., 6a, 745 (1951).
Herb R., Snowdon S., Sala O., Phys. Rev., 75, 246 (1949).
Hereford F., Phys. Rev., 74, 574 (1948).
Henderson M., Livingston M., Lawrence E., Phys. Rev., 45, 428 (1934).
Heydenburg N., Inglis D., Phys. Rev., 72, 186 (1947); 73, 241 (1948).
Heydenburg N., Inglis D., Phys. Rev., 73, 230 (1948).
Heydenburg N., Inglis D., Whitehead W., Hafner E., Phys. Rev., 75, 1147 (1949).
Holloway M., Moore B., Phys. Rev., 57, 1086 (1940).
Holloway M., Moore B., Phys. Rev., 58, 847 (1940).
Hornyak W., Lauritsen T., Phys. Rev., 77, 160 (1950).
Hornyak W., Lauritsen T., Morrison P., Fowler W., Energy Levels of Light Nuclei, IL, Moscow, 1952.
Houtermans F., Barts J., Naturwiss., 30, 758 (1942).
Huber O., Huber P., Scherrer P., Helv. Phys. Acta, 13, 209, 212 (1940).
Huber P., Helv. Phys. Acta, 14, 163 (1941).
Huber P., Stöbler A., Phys. Rev., 73, 85 (1948).
Huber P., Baldinger E., Proctor W., Helv. Phys. Acta, 24, 302 (1951).
Hudspeth E., Swann C., Phys. Rev., 76, 1150 (1949).
Hudspeth E., Swann C., Heydenburg N., Phys. Rev., 77, 736 (1950).
Hudspeth E., Phys. Rev., 78, 337 (1950).
Hudspeth E., Swann C., Heydenburg N., Phys. Rev., 80, 643 (1950).
Hughes D., Eggler C., Huddleston C., Phys. Rev., 71, 267 (1947).
Hughes D., Eggler C., Phys. Rev., 73, 809; 1242 (1948).
Hughes D., Eggler C., Huddleston C., Phys. Rev., 75, 515 (1949).
Hughes D., Eggler C., Alburger D., Phys. Rev., 77, 726 (1950).
Humphreys R., Pollard E., Phys. Rev., 59, 942 (1941).
Humphreys R., Watson W., Phys. Rev., 60, 542 (1941).
Inglis D., Phys. Rev., 78, 104 (1950).
Jelley J., Paul E., Proc. Phys. Soc., A62, 208 (1949).
Jelley J., Paul E., Proc. Phys. Soc., A63, 112 (1950).
Jenks G., Chormley J., Sweeton F., Phys. Rev., 75, 701 (1949).
Jensen P., Arkiv f. fysik, 1, No. 6 (1950).
Jensen E., Nichols R., Clement J., Pohm A., Phys. Rev., 85, 112 (1952).
Jesse W., Sadauskis J., Phys. Rev., 75, 1110 (1949).
Jesse W., Forstat H., Sadauskis J., Phys. Rev., 77, 782 (1950).
Jentschke W., Wieninger K., Phys. Zeits., 41, 524 (1940).

Masses of Light Nuclei

Johnson C., Barschall H., Phys. Rev., 80, 818 (1950).
Johnson C., Bockelman C., Barschall H., Phys. Rev., 82, 117 (1951).
Jordan E., Bainbridge K., Phys. Rev., 49, 883 (1936).
Jordan E., Bainbridge K., Phys. Rev., 51, 385 (1937).
Jordan E., Bainbridge K., Phys. Rev., 58, 1009 (1940).
Jordan E., Bainbridge K., Phys. Rev., 60, 710 (1941).
Kaufman S., Mooring F., Koester L., Goldberg E., Phys. Rev., 81, 317 (1951).
Katz L., Penfold A., Phys. Rev., 81, 747 (1951).
Katz L., Penfold A., Phys. Rev., 81, 815 (1951).
Keller K., Phys. Rev., 84, 884 (1951).
Kikuchi S., Aoki H., Husimi K., Nature, 137, 186 (1936).
King L., Elliott D., Phys. Rev., 58, 846 (1940); 59, 108 (1941).
Kimura K., Met. Kyoto, A22, 237 (1939).
Kinsey B., Bartholomew G., Walker W., Phys. Rev., 77, 723 (1950).
Kinsey B., Bartholomew G., Walker W., Phys. Rev., 78, 481 (1950).
Kinsey B., Bartholomew G., Phys. Rev., 80, 918 (1950).
Kinsey B., Bartholomew G., Walker W., Phys. Rev., 83, 519 (1951).
Klema E., Phillips G., Phys. Rev., 83, 212 (1951).
Knight, Novey, Cannon, Turkevich, Plut. Proj. Report CC, 2605 (Febr. 1945).
Knox W., Phys. Rev., 74, 1192 (1948).
König A., Zeits. f. Phys., 90, 107 (1934).
Krishnan R., Nature, 143, 407 (1941).
Kuerti G., Van Vooris S., Phys. Rev., 56, 614 (1939).
Kurie F., Richardson J., Paxton H., Phys. Rev., 49, 368 (1936).
Langer L., Phys. Rev., 77, 50 (1950).
Langer L., Motz I., Price H., Phys. Rev., 77, 744; 798 (1950).
Laslett L., Phys. Rev., 52, 529 (1937).
Lattes C., Fowler P., Cuer P., Proc. Phys. Soc., A59, 883 (1947).
Lawrence E., Phys. Rev., 47, 17 (1935).
Levy P., Phys. Rev., 72, 248 (1947).
Lewis M., Paul M., Phys. Rev., 73, 1269 (1948).
Li C., Whaling W., Phys. Rev., 82, 122 (1951).
Li C., Whaling W., Fowler W., Lauritsen C., Phys. Rev., 83, 512 (1951).
Libby W., Lee D., Phys. Rev., 55, 245 (1939).
Livingston M., Hoffman J., Phys. Rev., 50, 401 (1936).
Livingston M., Bethe H., Rev. Mod. Phys., 9, 245 (1937).
Livingston M., Hoffman J., Phys. Rev., 53, 227 (1938).
Livisey C., Wilkinson R., Proc. Roy. Soc., A195, 123 (1948).
Lyman E., Phys. Rev., 55, 234 (1939).
Malm R., Buechner W., Phys. Rev., 78, 337 (1950).
Malm R., Buechner W., Phys. Rev., 80, 771 (1950).
Malm R., Buechner W., Phys. Rev., 81, 519 (1951).
Mandeville C., Phys. Rev., 76, 436 (1949).
Mandeville C., Swann C., Snowdon S., Phys. Rev., 76, 980 (1949).
Mandeville C., Swann C., Phys. Rev., 79, 787 (1950).

Mandeville C., Swann C., Chatterjee S., Van Patter D., Phys. Rev., 85, 193 (1952).
Mattauch J., Phys. Rev., 50, 617 (1936).
Mattauch J., Herzog R., Naturwiss., 25, 747 (1937).
Mattauch J., Phys. Zeits., 39, 892 (1938).
Mattauch J., Phys. Rev., 57, 519 (1940).
Maurer W., Zeits. f. Phys., 107, 721 (1937).
May A., Vaidynathan R., Phys. Roy. Soc., A155, 519 (1936).
McCreary R., Kuerti G., Van Vooris S., Phys. Rev., 57, 351 (1940).
McElhinney J., Hanson A., Duffield R., Phys. Rev., 74, 1257 (1948).
McElhinney J., Hanson A., Becker R., Duffield R., Diven B., Phys. Rev., 75, 542 (1949).
McMillan E., Phys. Rev., 46, 868 (1934).
McMillan E., Livingston M., Phys. Rev., 47, 452 (1935).
McMinn W., Sampson M., Bullock M., Phys. Rev., 78, 296 (1950).
McMinn W., Sampson M., Rusmussen V., Phys. Rev., 84, 963 (1951).
Meerhaut O., Phys. Zeits., 41, 528 (1940).
Metzger F., Huber P., Alder F., Helv. Phys. Acta, 20, 236 (1947).
Metzger F., Alder F., Huber P., Helv. Phys. Acta, 21, 278 (1948).
Meyers F., Van Atta L., Phys. Rev., 61, 19 (1942).
Meyers P., Zeits. f. Phys., 126, 336 (1949).
Meyers P., Zeits. f. Phys., 129, 451 (1950).
Middleton R., Tai C., Proc. Phys. Soc., A64, 801 (1951).
E. McMillan, Phys. Rev., 72, 591 (1947).
Miller L., Phys. Rev., 58, 935 (1940).
Mobley R., Laubenstein R., Phys. Rev., 80, 309 (1951).
Motz H., Humphreys R., Phys. Rev., 74, 1232 (1948).
Motz H., Humphreys R., Phys. Rev., 80, 595 (1950).
Motz H., Phys. Rev., 83, 215 (1951).
Motz H., Phys. Rev., 85, 501 (1952).
Murrell E., Smith C., Proc. Roy. Soc., A173, 410 (1939).
Nakagawa, J. Sci. Tokyo, 43, N. 1185 (1949).
Nakagawa, J. Sci. Tokyo, 43, N. 1196 (1949).
Nemilov Yu. A., Izv. Akad. Nauk, ser. fiz., 14, 319 (1950).
Neuert H., Phys. Zeits., 36, 629 (1935).
Nier A., Roberts T., Phys. Rev., 81, 507 (1951).
Nier A., Phys. Rev., 81, 624 (1951).
Ogata K., Matsuda H., Phys. Rev., 83, 180 (1951).
Ogle W., Brown L., Conklin R., Phys. Rev., 71, 378 (1947).
Okuda T., Ogata K., Aoki K., Sugawara Y., Phys. Rev., 58, 578 (1940).
Okuda T., Ogata K., Phys. Rev., 60, 690 (1941).
Oliphant M., Kempton A., Rutherford E., Proc. Roy. Soc., A149, 406 (1935).
Oliphant M., Kempton A., Rutherford E., Proc. Roy. Soc., A150, 241 (1935).
Ollano Z., Ray R., Nuovo Cimento, 8, 771 (1951).
Paul E., Phil. Mag., 41, 942 (1950).
Peck R., Phys. Rev., 73, 947, 1264 (1948).
Peck R., Phys. Rev., 76, 1279 (1949).
Penfold A., Phys. Rev., 80, 116 (1950).