ACADEMICIAN PYOTR IVANOVICH LUKIRSKY

A. Murin

On November 16, 1954, after a long and serious illness, the outstanding Soviet scientist Academician Pyotr Ivanovich Lukirsky passed away. Pyotr Ivanovich was born on December 13, 1894, in Orenburg (now the city of Chkalov), into the family of a surveyor. In 1903 the family of P. I. Lukirsky moved to Novgorod, where Pyotr Ivanovich spent his youth. In 1912 Pyotr Ivanovich entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University; three and a half years later he graduated from it and was retained at the university to prepare for the title of professor. While still a university student, Pyotr Ivanovich began his scientific work under the supervision of A. F. Ioffe and, at only twenty years of age, wrote his first paper, “On the Weiss Magneton.”

In 1919, the twenty-four-year-old Lukirsky began lecturing as a docent at the university. By 1928 he was already a professor—the author of more than thirty published works, some of which can justly be called classics.

In 1918 Pyotr Ivanovich began his many years of work at the State X-ray and Radiological Institute, whose physicotechnical department soon became an independent institute—the present Leningrad Physicotechnical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Pyotr Ivanovich’s activity very soon went beyond the limits of his duties as head of a laboratory; a multitude of sometimes brilliant scientific works were the fruit of his inexhaustible scientific imagination, intuition, profound theoretical knowledge, and experimental talent. Always and everywhere a true representative of physical science, Pyotr Ivanovich also accomplished much in related fields of knowledge. One should note the fruitful activity of Pyotr Ivanovich in industry, at least his long-standing work, closely connected with his scientific interests, in electro-

vacuum industry (the Svetlana plant, 1929–1932), where he carried out a number of investigations of profoundly fundamental significance, and also produced many important inventions and improvements.

At the beginning of the thirties, Petr Ivanovich was an acknowledged leader and authority in the field of electronics and physics. In 1933 the Academy of Sciences elected Petr Ivanovich Lukirsky to the ranks of its corresponding members.

The scientific-pedagogical and organizational activity of P. I. Lukirsky was not confined to Leningrad—he repeatedly traveled to Kiev, Odessa, and Tashkent to give lectures and reports. Everywhere Petr Ivanovich strove, with complete success, to create new scientific centers for the study of electronic phenomena, and today his pupils, in the first, second, and even third generations, work fruitfully not only in Leningrad and Moscow, but also in many other cities of the Union.

Beginning in the mid-thirties, Petr Ivanovich, without ceasing his fruitful activity in the field of physical electronics, turned increasingly often to problems of the physics of the atomic nucleus—a new cycle of Petr Ivanovich’s works began, bringing him wide renown in this field of science. The large course “The Structure of Matter,” which Petr Ivanovich delivered at Leningrad University in the 1936/37 and 1937/38 academic years, was at the same time also the first fully modern course in experimental nuclear physics.

In 1943 Petr Ivanovich assumed the duties of head of the physics department of the Radium Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. At the same time Petr Ivanovich continued to direct scientific research work at the Physico-Technical Institute, the M. I. Kalinin Polytechnic Institute, and, from 1952, at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Metrology named after D. I. Mendeleev. In 1946 Petr Ivanovich Lukirsky was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

For his many years of successful and fruitful scientific work, P. I. Lukirsky was awarded the Order of Lenin, was twice awarded the Order of the “Red Banner of Labor,” and also received medals of the Soviet Union.

Petr Ivanovich’s activity as a researcher cannot be covered with sufficient completeness in a brief essay. A number of P. I. Lukirsky’s works—for example, his classic works on the photoelectric effect and electronics—have entered textbooks and are widely known. A number of new methods of experimental investigation proposed and implemented by Petr Ivanovich are used everywhere. Among them may be counted the method of the spherical capacitor, the method of parallel displacement of cha—

Academician Petr Ivanovich Lukirskii

characteristics, the ionization method for determining contact potential, etc.

In his first major scientific study, begun in 1916 and completed in 1924 (jointly with S. A. Shchukarev and O. N. Trapeznikova), Petr Ivanovich succeeded in demonstrating the ionic character of the conductivity of solid crystals of sodium chloride. In 1923, in a superbly executed work (jointly with N. N. Semenov), P. I. Lukirskii studied the effect of elastic scattering of electrons and the emission of secondary electrons by the surface of liquid mercury.

The method of the spherical condenser proposed and developed by P. I. Lukirskii enabled Petr Ivanovich (jointly with S. S. Prilezhaev) to confirm impeccably Einstein’s photoelectric equation and to give the most accurate value, for those experiments, of Planck’s constant. For many years this result was included in all tables of physical quantities throughout the world. The soft characteristic radiation of carbon \((\lambda \simeq 50\text{ Å})\), discovered by P. I. Lukirskii, filled a gap in the wavelength range \(12—136\text{ Å}\).

Petr Ivanovich studied in extraordinary detail electron emission from the surface of thin metallic films, as well as the contact properties of the latter. These works are of exceptional importance for explaining the mechanism of operation of complex photocathodes and in 1937 were crowned by the creation (jointly with N. N. Lusheva) of a cesium-antimony photocathode which, as is well known, has an exceptionally wide field of application.

Among Petr Ivanovich’s works on the physics of X-rays, one would also like to mention the work published in 1925, in which the polarization of X-rays upon their scattering by free electrons was demonstrated. The remarkable work on the study of the thermodynamic equilibrium form of single crystals, carried out in P. I. Lukirskii’s everyday life in Kazan, shows Petr Ivanovich’s exceptional ability to find new solutions to problems of classical physics that would seem to have long since been solved.

Turning to P. I. Lukirskii’s works on the physics of the atomic nucleus, we must first of all recall Petr Ivanovich’s works on the investigation of the processes of interaction of neutrons with matter. The distinctive process observed in 1947 by P. I. Lukirskii and M. G. Meshcheryakov consists in the tearing by the nucleus \(\mathrm{He}^3\) of a neutron from heavy photoemulsion nuclei \((\mathrm{Ag}\) or \(\mathrm{Br})\), with the transformation of the \(\mathrm{He}^3\) nucleus into an ordinary \(\alpha\)-particle.

The transition of a neutron from a heavy nucleus to the \(\mathrm{He}^3\) nucleus gives a large gain in energy and can apparently occur without the formation of

of the compound nucleus, since the energy of the bombarding particles in the experiments described was below the height of the potential barrier. Thus, we have before us a reaction inverse to the well-known Oppenheimer–Phillips effect.

Among the results of a large series of works (jointly with N. A. Perfilov and A. P. Zhdanov) on the study of the processes of interaction of mesons with nuclei, it is necessary to mention the discovery of successive (cascade) disintegrations, the sharp collimation of neutron pairs leaving the nucleus, the discovery of the phenomenon of the decay of a neutral particle into two mesons and, finally, a paper published in 1954 in which, for the first time in the world literature, a case of nuclear disintegration caused by a \(K\)-meson was described.

It should be especially noted that in the work devoted to the so-called “momentumless” disintegrations, Petr Ivanovich was the first to express entirely correct ideas about the nature of the interaction of \(\pi^{-}\)-mesons with the nucleus. Unfortunately, the technique of experimental investigation at the time this work was carried out was not yet at so high a level as it is now, which led the authors to an incorrect estimate of the masses of the \(\pi^{-}\)-mesons interacting with nuclei.

Here we have confined ourselves, in essence, to a simple and incomplete enumeration of Petr Ivanovich’s works, without mentioning the studies of the structure of monomolecular layers of fatty acids (jointly with A. V. Echeistova-Ioffe), the original method of sedimentation analysis developed jointly with M. S. Kosman, and a number of other very interesting investigations.

In every investigation carried out both directly by Petr Ivanovich and under his guidance, there is always a new, fresh physical idea, and all these works are extraordinarily promising for the further development of the problem under study.

On December 13, 1954, the scientific community of our country was preparing to mark the sixtieth birthday of Academician Petr Ivanovich Lukirsky and forty years of his tireless scientific, scientific-organizational, and pedagogical activity. A grave illness cut short the life of a great scientist. He has left us in the full flowering of his creative powers—a superb experimental physicist, an outstanding leader, teacher, and friend of young people, who devoted his life to the selfless and faithful service of Soviet science.

The radiant image of Petr Ivanovich Lukirsky will never fade from our hearts.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS

1915

On the Weiss magneton. Vopr. fiz., 1915, vol. 4, pp. 123—146, figs.

1916

On the nature of the molecular field. Vopr. fiz., 1916, vol. 1, pp. 24—37, figs.

1919

Does the number of ions measure the energy of the ionizer? State Roentgenological and Radiological Institute, 1919, 16 pp., tables. (Vestn. rentgenol. i radiol., Dept. of Phys.-Techn.; vol. 1, issue 2)

The same, ZhRFKhO, phys. dept., 1919, vol. 51, issues 4—6, pp. 261—276, tables.

Mechanism of the conductivity of natural ionized rock salt. ZhRFKhO, phys. dept., 1919, vol. 50, issues 1—3, pp. 26—39, tables.

1920

Does the number of ions measure the energy of the ionizer. (Abstract.) In the book Reports on Scientific and Technical Work in the Republic. March—April. Moscow, Scientific and Technical Department of the Supreme Council of the National Economy, 1920, pp. 54—55.

1923

Fundamentals of electron theory. Sabashnikov Publishing House, 1923, 178 pp., figs.

Ionization of a gas by fast electrons. ZhRFKhO, phys. dept., 1923, vol. 55, issues 1—3, pp. 93—105, figs., tables.

Scattering of electrons by the surface of liquid mercury. Ibid., pp. 107—119, figs., tables. (Together with N. N. Semenov.)

On the atomic nucleus. In the book New Ideas in Physics. Collection 8. Structure of the atom. I, Obrazovanie, 1923, pp. 10—53, figs., tables.

1924

Electrolysis of crystals. ZhRFKhO, phys. section, vol. 56, issues 5—6, pp. 453—461, figs., tables. (Together with S. A. Shchukarev and O. N. Trapeznikova.)

The same. (Abstract.) In the book IV Congress of Russian Physicists in Leningrad (15—20 September 1924). Leningrad, Scientific-Technical Department of the Supreme Council of the National Economy, 1924, pp. 45—46, tables. Together with S. A. Shchukarev and O. N. Trapeznikova.) (Reports on Scientific and Technical Work in the Republic, issue 14.)

Soft X-rays. (Abstract.) Ibid., pp. 65—66, tables.

Über weiche Röntgenstrahlen (On soft X-rays). Zeits. f. Phys., 1924, vol. 22, issue 6, pp. 351—365, figs., tables.

On soft X-rays from carbon (On soft X-rays from carbon): Phil. Mag., 1924, vol. 47, pp. 466—470, figs.

1925

Soft X-rays. ZhRFKhO, phys. section, 1925, vol. 57, issues 5—6, pp. 458—474, figs., tables.

Die Elektrolyse der Kristalle (Electrolysis of crystals). Zeits. f. Phys., 1925, vol. 31, issues 7—8, pp. 524—533, figs., tables. (Together with S. A. Shchukarev and O. N. Trapeznikova.)

1926

The photoelectric effect from crystals. ZhRFKhO, phys. part, 1926, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 53–64, tables. (Together with N. M. Gudris and L. E. Kulikova.)
The same in German. Zeits. f. Phys., 1926, vol. 37, nos. 4–5, pp. 308–318, tables.
Investigation of the velocities of photoelectrons. ZhRFKhO, phys. part, 1926, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 319–328, figs., tables. (Together with S. S. Prilezhaev.)
A method for studying particle sizes. In the book Collected Works on Applied Physics, 3. Moscow, NTO VSNKh, 1926, pp. 5–18, figs., tables. (Together with M. S. Kosman.) (Proceedings of the Leningrad Physico-Technical Laboratory, no. 3.)
Investigations of the velocities of photoelectrons. (Abstract.) Ibid., p. 18. (Together with S. S. Prilezhaev.)
On the velocities of electrons in the Compton effect. (Abstract.) In the book Fifth Congress of Russian Physicists (Moscow, December 15–20, 1926). Moscow–Leningrad, State Publishing House, 1926, 18 pp.
Soft roentgen-rays (Soft X-rays). Reports of the Phys.-techn. roentgen institute and the Leningrad Phys.-techn. Laboratory; 1918–1926, Leningrad, NKhTI, 1926, pp. 125–142, figs., tables.
The scattering of electrons from the surface of liquid mercury (Scattering of electrons from the surface of liquid mercury). Ibid., pp. 156–163, figs.
The mechanism of the conductivity of coloured rocksalt (The mechanism of the conductivity of colored rock salt). Ibid., pp. 174–177, figs., tables.
Elektrolysis of crystals (Electrolysis of crystals). Ibid., pp. 178–184, figs., tables.
Ed. Sommerfeld. Atomic Structure and Spectra, part 1, Moscow–Leningrad, State Publishing House, 1926, 403 pp. (Together with A. F. Ioffe.) (Contemporary Problems of Natural Science, book 25.)
Ed. Bragg W. In the World of Atoms and Molecules. Leningrad, North-Western Regional Prombureau of the VSNKh, 1926, 144 pp.

1927

Physics. In the book Ten Years of Soviet Science. Collection of Articles edited by F. N. Petrov. Moscow–Leningrad, State Publishing House, 1927, pp. 107–186, ill. (Together with N. N. Andreev, V. K. Arkadiev, and others.)
Velocities of electrons in the Compton effect. ZhRFKhO, phys. part, 1927, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 133–149, figs., tables.
The same in German. Zeits. f. Phys., 1927, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 516–531, figs., tables.
A method of measuring the size of particles (Method for measuring particle size). J. of Soc. of Chem. Trans., 1927, vol. 46, Jan., pp. 22–25, figs. (Together with M. S. Kosman.)

1928

On the photoeffect. In the book Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Metals. Second Conference on Physico-Chemical Questions. Leningrad, NKhTI NTU VSNKh, 1928, pp. 60–90, figs., tables. (Communications on Scientific and Technical Work in the Republic, no. 24.)
On the normal photoelectric effect. ZhRFKhO, phys. part, 1928, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 111–138, figs., tables. (Together with S. S. Prilezhaev.)
The same in German. Zeits. f. Phys., 1928, vol. 49, nos. 3–4, pp. 236–258, figs., tables.
Polarization in the Compton effect. In the book Sixth Congress of Russian Physicists. List of Reports Presented to the Congress with Brief Contents. Moscow, State Publishing House, 1928, pp. 8–9.
On the dispersion of X-rays. Ibid., pp. 9–10. (Together with V. M. Dukelsky.)

On the photoelectric effect. Ibid., pp. 10–11. (Together with S. S. Prilezhaev.)

Knocking out secondary electrons from various atomic levels. Ibid., pp. 11–12. (Together with L. D. Khudyakova.)

The Compton effect and polarisation (The Compton effect and polarization). (Nature, Lond., 1928, vol. 122, No. 3069, pp. 275–276.

1929

Foundations of electron theory. Part 1, Moscow—Leningrad, State Publishing House, 1929, 339 pp., ill.

Polarization in the Compton effect. ZhRFKhO, phys. part, 1929, vol. 61, issue 1, pp. 81–93, ill., tables.

The same in German. Zeits. f. Phys., 1929, vol. 53, issues 11–12, pp. 792–804, ill., tables.

On the photoelectric effect. Uspekhi fiz. nauk, 1929, vol. 9, issue 3, pp. 277–307, ill., tables.

Cosmic radiation and radioactive disintegration (Cosmic radiation and radioactive disintegration). Nature, Lond., 1929, vol. 123, No. 3107, p. 760. (Together with N. Dobronravov and V. Pavlov.)

1930

Experiments with molecular layers of fatty acids. Zh. fiz. khim., 1930, vol. 1, issue 3, pp. 353–360, ill. (Together with A. Echenstova.)

Expériences sur les couches moléculaires d’acides gras. J. de Phys., Radium, 1930, 7th ser., vol. 1, No. 12, pp. 405–410, ill. (Together with Ioffe A.)

The same. (Abstract.) In the book: All-Union Congress of Physicists (VII Congress of Russian Physicists). Odessa, 19–24 August 1930. Leningrad, NKTP, Vsekhimprom VSNKh USSR, 1930, 17 pp. (Together with A. Echenstova.) Report on scientific and technical work in the Republic, issue 29.

Experiments on the study of electron emission and contact potentials of thin metallic films. (Abstract.) Ibid., pp. 56–58. (Together with S. A. Vekshinsky, A. N. Sozina, and T. V. Tsareva.)

1931

Experiments on the study of the properties of atomic layers. Zh. eksp. i teor. fiz., 1931, vol. 1, issues 2–3, pp. 71–82, ill. (Together with S. A. Vekshinsky, A. N. Sozina, and T. V. Tsareva.)

The same in German. Zeits. f. Phys., 1931, vol. 71, issues 5–6, pp. 306–324, ill.

Experiments with the absorption of metastable and ionized nitrogen by magnesium. Zh. eksp. i teor. fiz., 1931, vol. 1, issue 4, pp. 210–216, ill. (Together with S. V. Ptitsyn.)

The same in German. Zeits. f. Phys., 1931, vol. 71, issues 5–6, pp. 339–349, ill.

Dependence of the photoelectric emission of potassium on the arrangement of layers of hydrogen and potassium on its surface. Zh. eksp. i teor. fiz., 1931, vol. 1, issue 6, pp. 314–319, ill. (Together with S. G. Ryzhanov.)

1932

Experiments with the absorption of nitrogen by magnesium. Moscow—Leningrad, State Energy Publishing House, 1932, 8 pp., ill. (Together with S. V. Ptitsyn.) (Tekhnika zavoda “Svetlana”, series 3, issue 8, No. 10.)

A. MURIN

Abhängigkeit der lichtelektrischen Emission des Kaliums von der Anordnung von atomaren Wasserstoff — und Kaliumschichten auf ihrer Oberfläche (Dependence of the photoelectric emission of potassium on the arrangement of layers of atomic hydrogen and potassium on its surface). Zeits. f. Phys., 1932, vol. 75, issues 3–4, pp. 249–257, figs. (Together with S. G. Ryzhanov.)

1933

On the photoeffect. L.—M., GTTI, 1933, 96 pp., figs., bibliography 37 titles. (Problems of Modern Physics. General ed. A. F. Ioffe et al., issue 2.)

Über die Austrittsarbeit der Elektronen und die photoelektrischen Eigenschaften der Metalle (On the work function of electrons and the photoelectric properties of metals). Phys. Zeits. d. Sowjet., 1933, vol. 4, issue 2, pp. 212–238, figs.

1934

On the work function of electrons and the photoelectric properties of metals. J. Phys. Chem., 1934, vol. 5, issues 2–3, pp. 219–235, figs., bibliography 6 titles.

1935

Neutron. L.—M., ONTI, Main Editorial Office of General Technical Literature, 1935, 91 pp., figs., bibliography pp. 90–91. (Problems of Modern Physics. General ed. A. F. Ioffe et al., issue 31.)

Experiments with slow neutrons. Dokl. Acad. Sci. USSR, 1935, vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 393–396, figs., bibliography 7 titles. (Together with T. V. Tsareva.)

The same in English. C. R. Acad. Sci. URSS, 1935, vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 393–396.

On the selective photoeffect. Scientific Notes of Leningrad State University, vol. 1, series of physical sciences, 1935, No. 1, pp. 45–51, bibliography 18 titles. (Together with Ya. L. Khurgin.)

The same in German. Phys. Zeits. d. Sowjet., 1935, vol. 7, issue 1, pp. 99–107.

Slow neutrons. (Slow neutrons.) Nature, Lond., 1935, vol. 136, No. 3443, pp. 681–682. Literature 4 titles. (Together with T. V. Tsareva.)

1936

Investigation of surface ionization. Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, OMEH, chemical series, 1936, No. 5, pp. 793–804, figs. Bibliography 5 titles.

On the slowing down of neutrons by nuclei of heavy elements. Dokl. Acad. Sci. USSR, 1936, vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 411–412, bibliography 7 titles. (Together with T. V. Tsareva.)

The same in English. C. R. Acad. Sci. USSR, 1936, vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 411–412.

On the complex photocathode mechanism (On the mechanism of the complex photocathode). Techn. Phys. USSR, 1936, vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 685–699, figs., bibliography 17 titles.

Ed. Hughes, A. L. and DuBridge, L. A., Photoelectric Phenomena. L.—M., ONTI, Main Editorial Office of General Technical Literature, 1936, 495 pp.

1937

Neutron. Physical Dictionary, vol. 3, 1937, pp. 757–762. Bibliography 5 titles. (Together with B. Dzhelepov.)

Photoelements with high selective sensitivity. Zh. tekhn. fiz., 1937, vol. 7, issues 18–19, pp. 1900–1904, figs. (Jointly with N. N. Lukasheva.)

Slow neutrons. Uch. zap. LGU, 1937, vol. 3, No. 17, pp. 125–132, figs.

On the mechanism of action of a complex photocathode. In the book: Photoelements and elements with secondary emission. Materials of the extended session of the Technical Physics Group of the Department of Technical Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences. M.—L., Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1937, pp. 7–16, figs., bibliography 17 titles. (USSR Academy of Sciences, Department of Technical Sciences, series 4, Technical Physics, issue 1).

1938

Structure of matter. Synopsis of lectures delivered in 1937. Compiled by Lobanov, Chernyaev et al., parts 1–3, L., LGU, Faculty of Physics, 1938: part 1, 32 pp., figs.; part 2, 99 pp., figs.; part 3, 75 pp., figs. Glass-printed edition.

1944

Extraction of electrons by an electric field. Izv. AN SSSR, Physical Series, 1944, vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 226–231, figs., bibliography 12 titles.

1945

Experiments with single crystals of rock salt. Dokl. AN SSSR, 1945, vol. 46, No. 7, pp. 300–303, 1 insert sheet with figs.

The same in English. C. R. Acad. Sci. URSS, 1945, vol. 46, No. 7, pp. 247–276.

Extraction of electrons by an electric field. Uspekhi fiz. nauk, 1945, vol. 17, issue 2, pp. 199–212, figs., bibliography 12 titles.

1946

On the emission of complex surfaces. Izv. AN SSSR, Physical Series, 1946, vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 309–315, bibliography 8 titles.

On the negative mesotron and its mass. Dokl. AN SSSR, 1946, vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 219–222, table, bibliography 8 titles. (Jointly with N. A. Perfilov.)

The same in English. C. R. Acad. Sci. USSR, 1946, vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 219–222.

1947

The work of the Physics Department over 25 years. In the book: 25 Years of the Radium Institute. M.—L., Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1947, pp. 18–26.

Observation of a new type of reaction (He³, He⁴). Dokl. AN SSSR, 1947, vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 123–125, figs., table. (Jointly with M. G. Meshcheryakov and T. I. Khrennikova.)

The same in English. C. R. Acad. Sci. USSR, 1947, vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 117–119.

1948

Influence of an electric field on the number of nuclear disintegrations observed in photographic plates. Dokl. AN SSSR, 1948, vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 257–258, table, bibliography 2 titles. (Jointly with N. A. Perfilov.)

Disintegration under the action of mesotrons. Ibid., pp. 259–261, table 1, insert sheet, figs., bibliography 2 titles. (Jointly with N. A. Perfilov.)

1949

Observation of the formation of mesotron pairs. Dokl. AN SSSR, 1949, vol. 69, No. 6, pp. 785–786, figs. (Jointly with A. N. Zhdanov.)

1950

Experiments on the study of autoelectronic emission at various temperatures. In the book: Collection Dedicated to the Seventieth Anniversary of Academician A. F. Ioffe. Moscow, Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1950, pp. 109–112, fig. (Together with T. V. Tsareva.)

1951

On the splitting of beryllium by mesons. Dokl. AN SSSR, 1951, vol. 80, no. 5, pp. 729–730. 1 inserted plate with figures, 2 references. (Together with A. P. Zhdanov and Z. S. Sokolova.)

1952

Ed. Rüsterholz A. Electron Optics. Fundamentals of Theoretical Electron Optics. Translated from the German by I. V. Rodnikova, Moscow, Foreign Literature Publishing House, 1952, 263 pp.

From the editors. Ibid., pp. 3–4.

1954

Nuclear splitting by a heavy meson. Dokl. AN SSSR, vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 843–844, 1 inserted plate with figures. (Together with Yu. G. Degtyarev and A. P. Zhdanov.)