Influence of a Number of Factors on the Strength of Fuel-Smelting Materials from Peats of the Vasyugan Deposit
Abstract Generated abstract
This study examines the suitability of peats from the Vasyugan deposit for producing fuel-smelting, peat-ore molded materials and evaluates how raw peat properties and preparation conditions affect mechanical strength. Ten peat samples were characterized by technical and elemental analyses, dispersed mechanically, mixed with iron ore from the Bakchar deposit in varying proportions, dried, and tested for resistance to crushing and abrasion. The results indicate that strength generally increases with lower initial peat moisture, greater mechanical processing, higher peat decomposition, and reduced mineral additive content. The experiments suggest that strong molded materials can be obtained from all tested peat types under favorable conditions, identified as about 75 to 80 percent moisture, a carbon to iron ratio of 1:1, and processing equivalent to three passes through a meat grinder.
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INFLUENCE OF SEVERAL FACTORS ON THE STRENGTH OF FUEL-SMELTING MATERIALS FROM PEATS OF THE VASYUGAN DEPOSIT
S. I. Smolyaninov, G. G. Krinitsyn
(Recommended by the scientific-methodological seminar of the Chemical-Technological Faculty)
In studying the peats of the Vasyugan peat massif, the qualities of peat-ore molding were investigated in order to determine the type of peat most suitable for producing strong molding, and also to study the influence of such factors as the degree of processing, the initial moisture content, and the amount of the ore component.
Ten batches of peat were investigated with the following characteristics (Tables 1 and 2).
In order to obtain fuel-smelting materials, the peat was dispersed in a meat grinder, then mixed with iron ore from the Bakchar deposit. The samples were dried, and then their mechanical strength was determined by resistance to crushing and abrasion. The test results are given in Table 3.
Influence of the initial moisture content. A decrease in the initial moisture content of peat leads to an increase in the mechanical strength of the molding material in the air-dry state. This is confirmed by the fact that at \(W = 75\%\) the samples attain minimum abrasion and maximum resistance to crushing (Table 3).
Influence of processing. In considering the influence of dispersion of the peat mass on the strength of the molding, it is evident that as the degree of processing increases, the strength of the molding increases.
An increase in the degree of processing has a strong effect at a reduced moisture content of the initial peat, especially for samples with a low degree of decomposition. In peat with a high degree of decomposition, however, the difference in strength indices is less great.
Influence of ore additions. The data obtained confirm that, with an increase in the content of the ore component in the peat, the streng—
Table 1
Technical analysis
| No. | \(W^p\) | \(A^c\) | \(V^r\) | \(Q^б\) | Degree of decomposition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 84,98 | 7,83 | 71,41 | 4800 | 35 |
| 2 | 84,00 | 12,33 | 68,44 | 4697 | 45 |
| 3 | 91,61 | 2,04 | 77,37 | 4138 | 5—7 |
| 4 | 90,90 | 6,01 | 74,68 | 4433 | 25 |
| 5 | 90,00 | 1,85 | 76,44 | 4454 | 5 |
| 6 | 88,00 | 3,35 | 73,32 | 4921 | 20 |
| 7 | 91,00 | 1,97 | 78,35 | 4549 | 15 |
| 8 | 01,00 | 3,87 | 72,31 | 4980 | 55 |
| 9 | 89,00 | 2,44 | 76,52 | 4560 | 5 |
| 10 | 89,00 | 4,02 | 69,16 | 5199 | 50 |
Table 3
Strength of fuel-smelting materials based on milled peat under different ratios of the starting parameters of their manufacture (air-dry state)
| Initial peat moisture, % | Ratio carbon : petroleum coke : charcoal | Peat-drying conditions | Peat sample no. 1 K | 1 C | 2 K | 2 C | 3 K | 3 C | 4 K | 4 C | 5 K | 5 C | 6 K | 6 C | 7 K | 7 C | 8 K | 8 C | 9 K | 9 C | 10 K | 10 C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85 | 0,7:1,0 | 0,5 | 3,3 | 100 | 3,1 | 112 | 16,5 | 65 | 4,0 | 130 | 5,4 | 23 | 12,9 | 92 | 8,3 | 20 | 3,3 | 114 | 9,9 | 71 | 3,7 | 113 |
| 85 | 0,7:1,0 | 1 | 2,6 | 133 | 2,1 | 108 | 8,3 | 113 | 5,1 | 110 | 6,7 | 53 | 7,1 | 120 | 9,6 | 37 | 3,1 | 146 | 9,6 | 58 | 2,8 | 212 |
| 85 | 0,7:1,0 | 3 | 3,6 | 224 | 2,4 | 188 | 5,4 | 130 | 6,2 | 200 | 5,7 | 47 | 8,7 | 145 | 6,1 | 21 | 1,8 | 251 | 4,5 | 2,6 | 290 | 290 |
| 85 | 0,1:1,0 | 0,5 | 2,8 | 110 | 2,3 | 147 | 7,9 | 58 | 935 | 226 | 5,3 | 37 | 7,1 | 98 | 7,9 | 34 | 1,9 | 91 | 22,0 | 70 | 1,8 | 175 |
| 85 | 0,1:1,0 | 1 | 1,4 | 149 | 1,7 | 166 | 4,4 | 143 | 8,3 | 267 | 4,3 | 47 | 13,9 | 117 | 6,4 | 25 | 1,6 | 134 | 12,9 | 58 | 2,0 | 242 |
| 85 | 0,1:1,0 | 3 | 1,1 | 97 | 2,3 | 211 | 2,1 | 167 | 6,2 | 288 | 4,7 | 47 | 4,8 | 197 | 5,6 | 46 | 1,7 | 167 | 3,9 | 63 | 2,4 | 303 |
| 85 | 1,5:1,0 | 0,5 | 2,3 | 88 | 2,9 | 90 | 8,1 | 82 | 4,1 | 174 | 5,4 | 115 | 7,3 | 100 | 8,9 | 19 | 3,0 | 76 | 13,3 | 48 | 2,7 | 134 |
| 85 | 1,5:1,0 | 1 | 2,8 | 133 | 3,0 | 118 | 5,6 | 159 | 5,3 | 111 | 5,9 | 153 | 10,0 | 123 | 10,7 | 41 | 2,1 | 121 | 5,9 | 47 | 3,6 | 240 |
| 85 | 1,5:1,0 | 3 | 2,0 | 125 | 2,1 | 180 | 1,9 | 200 | 3,1 | 230 | 5,1 | 240 | 5,3 | 178 | 4,6 | 37 | 1,4 | 154 | 2,9 | 88 | 1,3 | 267 |
| 85 | 0,7:0,1 | 0,5 | 8,3 | 97 | 2,7 | 123 | 10,6 | 99 | 8,3 | 182 | 6,3 | 43 | 11,9 | 84 | 14,3 | 83 | 2,9 | 100 | 23,8 | 83 | 2,8 | 105 |
| 85 | 0,7:0,1 | 1 | 4,2 | 117 | 2,1 | 134 | 11,5 | 127 | 7,7 | 193 | 6,7 | 54 | 8,4 | 67 | 11,6 | 81 | 1,1 | 129 | 21,8 | 119 | 4,0 | 124 |
| 85 | 0,7:0,1 | 3 | 2,6 | 174 | 0,7 | 182 | 5,8 | 170 | 4,8 | 241 | 4,1 | 109 | 3,9 | 129 | 9,2 | 98 | 0,9 | 160 | 13,8 | — | 2,1 | 251 |
| 85 | 1,0:1,0 | 0,5 | 5,2 | 84 | 1,4 | 112 | 6,8 | 69 | 7,4 | 103 | 5,9 | 193 | 9,5 | 97 | 16,8 | 109 | 1,8 | 90 | 88,8 | — | 6,1 | 104 |
| 85 | 1,0:1,0 | 1 | 3,0 | 106 | 1,7 | 134 | 17,3 | 110 | 6,3 | 221 | 4,8 | 143 | 7,4 | 139 | 18,4 | 141 | 1,8 | 130 | 49,6 | — | 5,0 | 113 |
| 85 | 1,0:1,0 | 3 | 2,0 | 178 | 0,3 | 121 | 8,9 | 203 | 6,8 | 243 | 5,0 | 167 | 5,1 | 184 | 11,6 | 155 | 1,1 | 207 | 38,8 | — | 3,1 | 196 |
| 85 | 1,5:1,0 | 0,5 | 6,4 | 104 | 1,7 | 97 | 11,8 | 112 | 8,7 | 129 | 4,6 | 122 | 4,8 | 124 | 11,2 | 111 | 2,0 | 126 | 23,9 | 62 | 4,9 | 136 |
| 85 | 1,5:1,0 | 1 | 3,4 | 115 | 0,7 | 131 | 10,9 | 139 | 8,9 | 184 | 3,9 | 159 | 5,0 | 112 | 9,3 | 128 | 1,3 | 187 | 24,2 | 46 | 2,8 | 140 |
| 85 | 1,5:1,0 | 3 | 2,5 | 224 | 1,4 | 182 | 7,7 | 136 | 5,3 | 277 | 3,6 | 207 | 3,2 | 150 | 7,1 | 120 | 1,5 | 296 | 4,5 | 89 | 3,9 | 152 |
| 85 | 0,7:1,0 | 0,5 | 2,4 | 116 | 4,7 | 112 | 11,6 | 68 | 2,5 | 65 | 3,4 | 69 | 12,4 | 28 | 11,9 | 67 | 3,4 | 97 | 80,6 | 28 | 27,6 | 229 |
Continuation of Table 3
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,0:1,0 | 1 | 2,2 | 150 | 1,8 | 34 | 14,2 | 92 | 3,1 | 184 | 4,1 | 88 | 6,9 | 36 | 8,7 | 86 | 1,1 | 118 | 50,0 | 46 | 9,1 | 274 | |
| 1,0:1,0 | 3 | 1,5 | 176 | 1,5 | 211 | 5,7 | 174 | 2,6 | 277 | 3,3 | 124 | 5,3 | 36 | 9,6 | 130 | 1,2 | 144 | 55,2 | 26 | 3,6 | 234 | |
| 1,0:1,0 | 0,5 | 1,2 | 92 | 2,2 | 126 | 9,8 | 82 | 2,2 | 93 | 2,9 | 101 | 17,6 | 31 | 12,4 | 72 | 3,7 | 111 | 76,1 | 15 | 16,7 | 80 | |
| 1,0:1,0 | 1 | 1,2 | 131 | 1,2 | 184 | 18,0 | 95 | 2,5 | 130 | 2,7 | 146 | 4,9 | 40 | 7,3 | 94 | 1,6 | 83 | 32,8 | 12 | 11,5 | 110 | |
| 1,5:1,0 | 3 | 2,2 | 148 | 0,9 | 174 | 6,3 | 163 | 1,9 | 277 | 2,0 | 168 | 3,6 | 52 | 6,5 | 81 | 1,4 | 279 | 13,4 | 26 | 8,2 | 226 | |
| 1,5:1,0 | 0,5 | 1,0 | 113 | 1,6 | 144 | 20,4 | 105 | 2,5 | 234 | 2,4 | 97 | 12,2 | 26 | 8,3 | 68 | 2,8 | 120 | 65,4 | 14 | 58,7 | 99 | |
| 1,5:1,0 | 1 | 1,0 | 142 | 2,5 | 155 | 6,6 | 179 | 2,6 | 250 | 1,8 | 152 | 6,3 | 42 | 9,0 | 96 | 1,6 | 1,6 | 196 | 15,2 | 10 | 50,0 | |
| 1,5:1,0 | 3 | 3,0 | 232 | 0,7 | 256 | 6,1 | 207 | 1,7 | 238 | 1,4 | 231 | 4,0 | 46 | 4,6 | 114 | 1,0 | 298 | 39,1 | 11 | 3,3 | 140 |
the strength of molding decreases. The absolute majority of the maximum strength values were achieved at a carbon:iron ratio of 1.5:1, i.e., when the percentage of ore additive was minimal.
Table 2
Elemental composition
| No. | C^r | H^r | N^r | O^r | S^c | P^c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 57.35 | 6.12 | 3.03 | 33.52 | 0.28 | 0.012 |
| 2 | 57.44 | 6.16 | 2.97 | 33.43 | 0.20 | 0.009 |
| 3 | 51.34 | 5.86 | 0.76 | 42.04 | 0.06 | 0.001 |
| 4 | 54.67 | 5.95 | 1.55 | 37.83 | 0.09 | 0.005 |
| 5 | 50.75 | 5.83 | 0.83 | 42.57 | 0.04 | 0.001 |
| 6 | 65.61 | 6.12 | 1.83 | 33.44 | 0.12 | 0.006 |
| 7 | 51.30 | 6.05 | 0.98 | 41.67 | 0.04 | 0.003 |
| 8 | 57.92 | 6.27 | 1.99 | 33.82 | 0.12 | 0.007 |
| 9 | 53.09 | 5.97 | 1.26 | 39.68 | 0.08 | 0.004 |
| 10 | 59.21 | 6.45 | 2.92 | 31.92 | 0.18 | 0.008 |
Conclusions
For all the peats investigated, the strength of the fuel-ore molding increases under the following conditions:
1) reduction of the initial moisture content of the peat;
2) reduction in the amount of mineral additives;
3) increase in the degree of decomposition of the peat and in the degree of its processing.
At optimal values of moisture content, amount of mineral additives, and degree of processing, a strong molding can be obtained from any type of peat. On the basis of the experiments, the optimal conditions are a moisture content of 75–80%, a carbon–iron ratio of 1:1, and a degree of processing equivalent to three disintegrations in a meat grinder.