Composition, Properties, and Ways of Using Oil from the Sovetskoe Field
Abstract Generated abstract
This paper examines the composition and refining potential of crude oil from the Sovetskoye field in Western Siberia, based on physicochemical analyses of samples from producing wells and a detailed distillation study of one sample. The oil is characterized as a low-density, low-sulfur paraffin-naphthene crude with low resin-asphaltene content and high yields of light fractions, while its gasoline, kerosene, diesel, oil, residual, and bitumen fractions are evaluated against relevant fuel and product specifications. The authors identify suitable uses including automotive gasoline components, catalytic reforming feedstock, jet and diesel fuels, catalytic cracking feedstock, boiler fuel, lubricating oil bases, petrolatum, and road bitumen. Four possible industrial processing schemes are proposed with estimated product yields.
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COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES, AND UTILIZATION PATHWAYS OF OIL FROM THE SOVETSKOYE FIELD
N. M. Smolyaninova, S. I. Smolyaninov
(Presented by the scientific-methodological seminar of the Faculty of Chemical Technology)
The modern direction of oil refining includes not only the production of various kinds of motor fuels, lubricating oils, and residual products, but also a number of processes aimed at deep chemical processing of petroleum fractions—by catalytic cracking, reforming, and pyrolysis—with the production of motor fuels possessing high antiknock properties, and of various kinds of feedstock for petrochemistry.
The Sovetskoye oil field, one of the five largest in the Soviet Union, will soon enter industrial operation.
The oil from this field, like that from other fields of Western Siberia, differs noticeably in quality from the oils of the Volga–Ural region, which until recently accounted for the largest share in terms of production scale.
We have investigated the physicochemical properties of oils from producing wells (Nos. 18, 27, and 46) of the Sovetskoye field; and, for an oil sample from well No. 18, we determined the yields and quality of the principal commercial products of straight-run distillation, studied the hydrocarbon composition, and outlined possible variants of industrial processing.
The oils of the Sovetskoye field have a low density (0.8429–0.8629) and a small molecular weight (188–228). They are distinguished by a low content of sulfur (0.65–0.75%) and resin-asphaltene substances. During distillation they give a high yield of light fractions (30.3–35.5% boil up to 200°C and 53.0–56.5% up to 300°C).
The amount of gases up to \(C_4\) dissolved in the oils ranges from 0.73 to 1.53 wt.%; in their composition butanes predominate (more than 80%).
In terms of hydrocarbon composition, Sovetskoye oil may be assigned to the paraffin-naphthene type. The fraction from the initial boiling point to 200°C contains 10% aromatic, 25% naphthenic, and 65% paraffinic hydrocarbons. In 50-degree fractions boiling above 200°C (from 200 to 450°C), the content of paraffin-naphthene hydrocarbons decreases as the temperature limits of boiling increase, from 79% in the 200–250°C fraction to 44% in the 400–450°C fraction. The amount of aromatics correspondingly increases from 21 to 54%.
The gasoline-ligroin fractions boiling within the range 28–200°C are characterized by the absence, or only an insignificant content (traces), of sulfur and by low octane numbers—in pure form, 40–62; however, the response of these fractions to tetraethyl lead is higher than that of many typical oils of the USSR.
The fractions from 28–100° and up to 28–180° meet, in all respects, the requirements for grade A-66 gasoline according to GOST 2084—56.
Fractions serving as feedstock for catalytic reforming (62–85°; 85–105°; 105–120°; 120–140°C and 140–180°C), owing to their low sulfur content and comparatively high content of naphthenic hydrocarbons (33–43%), may prove to be favorable feedstock for the indicated process.
Table 1
Processing options for oil from the Sovetskoye field
| Options | No. | Commercial products | Yields, % |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | 1 | Gas up to C₄ inclusive | 1.1 |
| I | 2 | Component of automotive gasoline (28–150°C) | 20.1 |
| I | 3 | Diesel fuel (150–350°C) | 39.6 |
| I | 4 | Base oil from the 350–450°C fraction with a viscosity level at 50°C of 12.2 cSt | 10.5 |
| I | 5 | Component of residual oil (residue above 450°C) with a viscosity at 100°C of 13.0 cSt | 4.0 |
| I | 6 | Petrolatum | 3.7 |
| I | 7 | Feedstock for bitumen production | 21.0 |
| II | 1 | Gas up to C₄ inclusive | 1.1 |
| II | 2 | Feedstock for catalytic reforming (28–180°C) | 26.4 |
| II | 3 | Diesel fuel (180–350°C) | 33.3 |
| II | 4 | Broad oil fraction (350–450°C) | 18.5 |
| II | 5 | Tar | 20.7 |
| III | 1 | Gas up to C₄ inclusive | 1.1 |
| III | 2 | Component of automotive gasoline (28–150°C) | 20.1 |
| III | 3 | Illuminating kerosene (150–320°C) | 34.5 |
| III | 4 | Boiler fuel | 44.7 |
| IV | 1 | Gas up to C₄ inclusive | 1.1 |
| IV | 2 | Component of automotive gasoline (28–120°C) | 13.7 |
| IV | 3 | Component of TS-1 jet fuel (120–240°C) | 24.5 |
| IV | 4 | Diesel fuel (240–350°C) | 21.5 |
| IV | 5 | Feedstock for catalytic cracking (350–450°C) | 18.5 |
| IV | 6 | Feedstock for coking | 20.7 |
Petroleum distillates boiling in the ranges 120–240°C and 120–280°C, with yields of 24.5 and 33.0%, respectively, can serve as a component of TS-1 and T-1 fuel for air-breathing jet engines.
The 150–280°C fraction, with an octane number of 19–20, meets in all respects the requirements of GOST 4353–49 for illuminating kerosene; diesel distillates are characterized by high cetane numbers (54–58) and low sulfur content. They can be used to obtain fuels of grades L and S, as well as DT-1, DT-2, and DT-3.
The straight-run 350–400°C fraction and the distillates obtained in the coking of residues for secondary processes (above 350°C and above 450°C) can be used for catalytic cracking.
The characteristics obtained for fuel oils make it possible to conclude that commercial products can be obtained in accordance with GOST 10585–63.
The total yield of base oil with a viscosity index of 85 from the 200–350°C and 350–450°C fractions and from the residue above 450°C after its deasphalting is 20–21%.
In addition, Sovetskoye crude oil can be recommended for the production of viscous road bitumens.
On the basis of the above characteristics of commercial products, the following variants may be outlined for processing crude oil from the Sovetskoye field (Table 1).
Conclusions
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The physicochemical, chemical, and commercial properties of crude oil from the Sovetskoye field have been studied.
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Four variants have been outlined for processing Sovetskoye crude oil.