Commercial Qualities of the Sobolinskoye Deposit
Abstract Generated abstract
This paper evaluates the commercial properties of crude oil from the Sobolinskoye deposit through fractional distillation and characterization of fuel, cracking, lubricating oil, and residue fractions against relevant Soviet standards. The crude is described as low sulfur and paraffinic, with limited light fractions, low octane gasoline cuts, suitable jet fuel from the 120 to 240°C fraction, diesel fractions meeting specified requirements, and a 350 to 432°C cut that is otherwise suitable for catalytic cracking but contains enough vanadium to threaten catalyst performance. Adsorption studies indicate that the 380 to 432°C distillate can yield high viscosity index oils after dewaxing and resin removal, whereas residual oils are low quality because of high asphaltene and resin contents. The study concludes that the crude is a favorable feedstock for light petroleum products, lubricating oils, boiler fuels, and viscous bitumens.
Full Text
Commercial Qualities of the Oil of the Sobolinskoye Deposit
K. K. Stramkovskaya, N. M. Smolyaninova, Z. I. Terebinykh,
I. N. Rovkina
(Presented by the scientific-methodological seminar of KhTF)
The oil of the Sobolinskoye deposit is low-sulfur, paraffinic, and has a relatively small content of fractions boiling up to 200°C and 300°C—23.4 and 42.0%, respectively. Its commercial qualities are presented in Table 1.
The gasoline fractions are characterized by a complete absence or insignificant content of sulfur compounds and by low octane numbers (39, 65). The fractions with an initial boiling point—160°C, after the addition to them of ethyl fluid, 0.82 g per kg, meet the GOST requirements for A-66 gasoline. All higher-boiling fractions have octane numbers below 66 with the addition of the above-mentioned amount of ethyl fluid. They may serve as raw material for obtaining high-octane gasolines in reforming or pyrolysis processes.
From the fraction boiling within the range 120–240°C, jet fuel can be obtained that meets the requirements of GOST 10227-62 for TS-1 and T-2 fuel, with a yield of 19.9%. The 120–280°C fraction has a high initial crystallization temperature and therefore can be used as jet fuel only after dewaxing.
From the oil of the Sobolinskoye deposit, illuminating kerosene can be obtained with a yield of 30.8%. As tractor fuel, kerosene distillates apparently cannot be used because of their low octane numbers.
The fractions 150–350°C and 200–350°C (with yields of 36.7 and 28.3%) meet the requirements of GOST 305-62 for summer diesel fuel for high-speed engines. The 240–350°C fraction (yield 21.9%) corresponds in all indicators to GOST 1667-51 for diesel fuel for medium-speed and slow-speed engines.
The 350–432°C fraction (Table 2) may serve as raw material for catalytic cracking. It consists of 53% methane-naphthenic hydrocarbons and 45% aromatic hydrocarbons. It has very low coking tendency (0.01%), low sulfur content (0.48%), and a small nitrogen content (0.05%).
However, this raw material contains a very large amount of vanadium—\(2 \times 10^{-3}\%\), which will evidently lead to a rapid decrease in the activity and selectivity of the catalyst during cracking.
This oil was distilled only to a temperature of 432°C without decomposition and is characterized by a large yield of residue boiling above 432°C (28.0%). This residue has a rather high coking tendency—
Table 1
Characteristics of commercial products
| Firing temperature, °C | Yield to oil, % | Density, $\rho^{20}_{4}$ | Viscosity, cSt, at $>20^\circ$ | Viscosity, cSt, at $>50^\circ$ | Sulfur content, % | Pour point, °C | Flash point in closed crucible, °C | Cloud point, °C | Iodine number, g iodine per 100 g product | Acid number, mg KOH/100 ml | Octane number | Cetane number | Coking tendency, % | Aromatic hydrocarbons, % | Naphthenic hydrocarbons, % | Methane hydrocarbons, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28–85 | 5.0 | 0.7035 | — | — | trace | — | — | — | — | 0.65 | 65.8 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 28–120 | 9.9 | 0.7275 | — | — | trace | — | — | — | — | 0.76 | 55.7 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 28–150 | 15.0 | 0.7405 | — | — | trace | — | — | — | — | 0.92 | 51.0 | — | — | 11 | 28 | 61 |
| 28–200 | 23.4 | 0.7600 | — | — | 0.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 120–240 | 19.9 | 0.7935 | 1.55 | — | 0.05 | — | 41 | −60 | 0.24 | 1.78 | — | — | — | 19 | — | — |
| 120–280 | 27.5 | 0.8010 | 1.80 | — | 0.05 | — | 45 | −48 | 0.67 | 1.62 | — | — | — | 21 | — | — |
| 150–280 | 22.4 | 0.8240 | — | — | 0.13 | — | 55 | −32 | — | — | 36 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 150–320 | 30.8 | 0.8335 | — | — | 0.15 | — | 58 | −14 | — | 1.94 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 150–350 | 36.7 | 0.8385 | 3.90 | 2.60 | 0.16 | −32 | 56 | −10 | 1.3 | 2.23 | — | 60 | 0.1 | — | — | — |
| 200–350 | 28.3 | 0.8475 | 6.20 | 2.90 | 0.22 | −13 | 65 | −5 | 1.4 | 2.02 | — | 60 | 0.1 | — | — | — |
| 240–350 | 21.9 | 0.8525 | 8.40 | 3.60 | 0.25 | −7 | 90 | 0 | 2.8 | — | — | 62 | 0.1 | — | — | — |
Table 2
Characteristics of feedstock for cracking
| Feedstock | Withdrawal temperature, °C | Density, $P^{20}_{4}$ | Molecular weight | Viscosity, cSt, $\nu_{50^\circ}$ | Viscosity, cSt, $\nu_{100^\circ}$ | Coking tendency, % | Sulfuric-acid resins, % | Pour point, °C | Sulfur, % | C, % | H, % | N, % | O, % | Vanadium, % | Paraffinic hydrocarbons, % | Aromatic hydrocarbons, I group, % | Aromatic hydrocarbons, II group, % | Aromatic hydrocarbons, III group, % | Aromatic hydrocarbons, IV group, % | Aromatic hydrocarbons, total, % | Resinous substances | Yield on crude oil, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feedstock for catalytic cracking | 350—432 | 0,8976 | 334 | 16,10 | 4,40 | 0,01 | 8,0 | 16,0 | 0,48 | 86,40 | 12,40 | 0,05 | 0,67 | 0,002 | 53 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 45 | 2 | 19,7 |
| Feedstock for thermal cracking | 432 | 0,9387 | — | — | 27,5 | 11,0 | — | 33 | 0,94 | 85,70 | 11,10 | 0,42 | 0,84 | 0,002 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28,0 |
Fig. 1. Curves of the dependence of oil properties on the depth of adsorption separation of the residue above 432°
11.0% and a comparatively small amount of sulfur—0.94%, but a significant content of vanadium—\(2 \times 10^{-3}\) and nitrogen—0.42%.
The potential content of distillate and residual oils, determined by the adsorption method, is shown in Figs. 1–2. These data show that the distillate fraction 380–432° is a good feedstock for the production of oils with a high viscosity index. By separating from it paraffin slack wax in an amount of 8.22%, or 1.6% on crude oil, and removing resinous substances, it is possible to obtain 15.9% of oil with a viscosity index of 99. The residual oils of this crude oil are of low quality. In the residue boiling above 432°C there is a very high content of asphaltenes (27.8%) and resinous substances (27.8%). From it only 3.7% of oils with a viscosity index of 80 was isolated.
The studies showed that, from Sobolinoye crude oil, fuel oils can be obtained in accordance with GOST 10583-63 in the following quantities: fuel oil 40—39.5%, fuel oil 100—35.0%, fuel oil 200—36.0%.
The crude oil of the Sobolinoye deposit may be recommended for the production of petroleum viscous bitumens.
Fig. 2. Curves showing the dependence of oil properties on the depth of adsorption separation of the 350–432°C fraction
Conclusions
-
The commercial qualities of the oil of the Sobolinskoye field have been studied.
-
It has been shown that the oil of the Sobolinskoye field is a favorable raw material for the production of light petroleum products, lubricating oils, and boiler fuels.